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Massarotti C, Ammar OF, Liperis G, Mincheva M, Fraire-Zamora JJ, Sharma K, Rosario R, Winship AL, Lambertini M, Makieva S. Chemoprotection of the ovary: a leading role or a complementary strategy in fertility preservation? Hum Reprod 2024; 39:1357-1361. [PMID: 38593422 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Massarotti
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- DINOGMI Department, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Omar F Ammar
- Ar-Razzi Private Hospital, IVF Centre, Ramadi, Iraq
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq
| | - George Liperis
- Westmead Fertility Centre, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Kashish Sharma
- HealthPlus Fertility Center, HealthPlus Network of Specialty Centers, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Amy L Winship
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Matteo Lambertini
- Department of Medical Oncology, U.O.C. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sofia Makieva
- Kinderwunschzentrum, Klinik für Reproduktions-Endokrinologie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Cai J, Liang X, Sun Y, Bao S. Beneficial effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (HUCMSC) transplantation on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced premature ovarian failure (POF) in Tibetan miniature pigs. Transpl Immunol 2024; 84:102051. [PMID: 38744348 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2024.102051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature ovarian failure (POF), also known as primary ovarian insufficiency, is a common endocrine disease in young women. The emergence of regenerative medicine using stem cells may improve ovarian function and structure, and represents a promising prospect for POF treatment. In his study, we explored the therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (HUCMSC) transplantation in a Tibetan miniature pig model of cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced POF. METHODS We cultured and identified HUCMSCs, labeled them with DiR iodide red dye, and implanted them into a CTX-induced model of POF in Tibetan miniature pigs. The daily weight changes were recorded, and the levels of estradiol (E2) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured on days 0, 7, and 14. At the end of the 21-day observation period, in vivo imaging of the bilateral ovaries was performed, and the ovarian index was measured. Ovarian tissue morphology and follicles were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay was employed to assess cell apoptosis, and immunohistochemistry was used to determine the levels of p-AKT, p-ERK1/2, BAX, and BCL2 expression. RESULTS Our analysis indicated successful delivery of HUCMSCs to the ovaries of the POF pig model. Significant increases were observed in body weight, E2 levels, ovarian index, and number of normal follicles (all p < 0.05). Moreover, FSH levels reduced and ovarian tissue morphology improved following HUCMSCs transplantation (all p < 0.05). Importantly, upregulated p-AKT, p-ERK1/2, and BCL2 expression were observed, whereas the expression of BAX was suppressed (all p < 0.05), suggesting the inhibition of ovarian cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the significant therapeutic effects of HUCMSC transplantation on CTX-induced POF in a Tibetan miniature pig model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Cai
- Medical Laboratory Central, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570311, PR China
| | - Xiaochen Liang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, PR China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Diseases Research and Translation (Hainan Medical University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan 571199, PR China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, PR China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Diseases Research and Translation (Hainan Medical University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan 571199, PR China
| | - Shan Bao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570311, PR China.
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Zha Y, Li Y, Lyu W. Research progress on the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38742393 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a main treatment option for malignant tumors, but it may cause various adverse effects, including dysfunction of female endocrine and fertility. Chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage has been concerned, apart from ovarian preservation, the prevention and treatment of ovarian dysfunction are widely studied. In this article, the mechanisms of ovarian injury caused by chemotherapy, including the apoptosis of follicle and supporting cells, follicle "burn out", ovarian stromal and microvascular damage; and influencing factors, including age at diagnosis and initial low pre-treatment anti-Müllerian hormone levels, toxicity, dose and regimen of chemotherapy drugs are reviewed based on the latest research results and clinical practice. The article also discusses measures and frontier therapies for prevention and treatment of ovarian injury, including the application of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists or antagonists, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antioxidants, sphingosine-1-phosphate, ceramide-1-phosphate, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, stem cell therapy and artificial ovary, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zha
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Weiguo Lyu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou 310006, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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Borovskaya TG, Vychuzhanina AV, Ligacheva AA, Shchemerova YA, Sandrikina LA, Madonov PG, Rakitin FA, Goldberg VE, Dygai AM. Regenerative Potential of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Immobilized by Using Electron-Beam Synthesis Nanotechnology in an Experimental Model of Ovarian Reserve Depletion. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 176:101-104. [PMID: 38085397 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05975-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacological activity of granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) immobilized using electron-beam synthesis nanotechnology (imG-CSF) was evaluated in an experimental model of ovarian reserve depletion. The effectiveness of the drug was compared with that of its unmodified form. Depletion of the ovarian follicular pool in female Sprague-Dawley rats was caused by a single intravenous injection of the antitumor drug etoposide in the maximum tolerated dose. The effectiveness of the studied drugs was assessed by serum concentration of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) measured by ELISA and by the number of primordial, two-layer, multilayer, and atretic follicles counted on serial sections of the ovaries (5-μm thick; through the entire organ) stained with hematoxylin and eosin. It was found that imG-CSF prevents depletion of the ovarian reserve in the model used, which was confirmed by high AMH concentration and higher numbers of primordial, two- and multilayer follicles in comparison with the corresponding parameters in the control (etoposide), and by a decrease in the severity of atretic processes. Unmodified form of the drug demonstrated lower efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Borovskaya
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - A V Vychuzhanina
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A A Ligacheva
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Yu A Shchemerova
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - L A Sandrikina
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - P G Madonov
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Affiliated Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - F A Rakitin
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Affiliated Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V E Goldberg
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A M Dygai
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
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Li M, Xiao YB, Wei L, Liu Q, Liu PY, Yao JF. Beneficial Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Premature Ovarian Failure. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:5413504. [PMID: 36471694 PMCID: PMC9719426 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5413504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2023]
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is characterized by hormonal disorders, amenorrhea, and premature loss of fertility potential in women of reproductive age. Several studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in treating POF. TCM relied primarily on apoptosis, immunity, and aging to treat POF based on the studies of domestic and foreign literature. Zuogui pills inhibited mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in the treatment of POF. Huyang Yangkun formula regulated the downstream of the Bcl-2 family to resist apoptosis through the aquaporin-1 protein. Modified Bazhen decoction regulated apoptosis in POF by regulating X-linked inhibitors of apoptosis protein. Bushen Tianjing recipe was effective in treating POF by promoting angiogenesis and preventing apoptosis. As for immunity, Bushen Jianpi prescription and Er-Xian decoction cured autoimmunity POF models and increased follicular development-related protein expression. Bushen Huoxue Tang improved ovarian function and reduced ovarian inflammation by regulating the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway and T lymphocytes. Taohong Siwu decoction promoted the proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells of POF mice by regulating the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. In addition, ginsenoside Rg1 and Jiajian Guisheng formula treated POF by regulating cell aging-related mechanisms. Si Wu Tang treated POF by activating the angiogenesis-related proteins. The goal of this review is to serve as a reference for in-depth research into the treatment of POF with TCM and provide inspiration for new diagnostic methods and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Yu-Bo Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Le Wei
- Quanzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Quanzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Pin-Yue Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Jian-Feng Yao
- Quanzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Quanzhou, China
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Alsuliman T, Jondreville L, Baylet C, Dann MP, De Bentzmann N, Fontoura ML, Genty C, Huynh A, Ibled D, Yakoub-Agha I, Mercier L, Poirot C, Porcheron S, Tourette-Turgis C, Vernant JP, Vexiau-Robert D, Nguyen S. Sexual and Emotional Health after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Comprehensive Review and Guidelines from the Francophone Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC). J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051196. [PMID: 35268291 PMCID: PMC8911485 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A person’s sexual and emotional life is greatly impacted after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). This topic is not addressed very much by patients and caregivers. Physical, endocrine and genital chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD)-related disorders are multiple and intertwined with psychological disorders. The Francophone Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC) has issued recommendations for a better gynecological monitoring of female recipients after allo-HCT. A patient booklet was also offered to patients in the form of questions and answers to facilitate discussions between patients and caregivers and to improve the management of sexual and emotional life after transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamim Alsuliman
- Service d’Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, 184 Rue de Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France;
| | - Ludovic Jondreville
- Service d’Hématologie Clinique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, 47-83 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, CEDEX 13, 75651 Paris, France; (L.J.); (M.-P.D.); (D.I.); (J.-P.V.)
| | - Caroline Baylet
- Service des Maladies du Sang, CHU Angers, 4 Rue Larrey, 49000 Angers, France;
| | - Marie-Pierre Dann
- Service d’Hématologie Clinique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, 47-83 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, CEDEX 13, 75651 Paris, France; (L.J.); (M.-P.D.); (D.I.); (J.-P.V.)
| | - Natacha De Bentzmann
- Service d’Hématologie Greffe, IUCT-Oncopole, 1 Avenue Irène Joliot Curie, CEDEX 9, 31059 Toulouse, France; (N.D.B.); (A.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Marie-Laure Fontoura
- Unité de Soins Intensifs Hématologie, CLCC Henri Becquerel, 1 Rue d’Amiens, 76038 Rouen, France; (M.-L.F.); (S.P.)
| | - Carole Genty
- Service d’Hématologie et de Thérapie Cellulaire, CHRU Dupuytren, 2 Avenue Martin Luther King, 87042 Limoges, France;
| | - Anne Huynh
- Service d’Hématologie Greffe, IUCT-Oncopole, 1 Avenue Irène Joliot Curie, CEDEX 9, 31059 Toulouse, France; (N.D.B.); (A.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Diane Ibled
- Service d’Hématologie Clinique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, 47-83 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, CEDEX 13, 75651 Paris, France; (L.J.); (M.-P.D.); (D.I.); (J.-P.V.)
| | | | - Lara Mercier
- Service d’Hématologie Greffe, IUCT-Oncopole, 1 Avenue Irène Joliot Curie, CEDEX 9, 31059 Toulouse, France; (N.D.B.); (A.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Catherine Poirot
- Préservation de la Fertilité, Service d’Hématologie, Unité AJA, Hôpital Saint Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France;
- Médecine Sorbonne Université, Site Pitié Salpêtrière, 91 Bd de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Porcheron
- Unité de Soins Intensifs Hématologie, CLCC Henri Becquerel, 1 Rue d’Amiens, 76038 Rouen, France; (M.-L.F.); (S.P.)
| | | | - Jean-Paul Vernant
- Service d’Hématologie Clinique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, 47-83 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, CEDEX 13, 75651 Paris, France; (L.J.); (M.-P.D.); (D.I.); (J.-P.V.)
| | | | - Stéphanie Nguyen
- Service d’Hématologie Clinique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, 47-83 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, CEDEX 13, 75651 Paris, France; (L.J.); (M.-P.D.); (D.I.); (J.-P.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The issue of fertility preservation has become increasingly relevant as survival rates of children with cancer exceeds 80% at 5 years. Fertility preservation options are being utilized alongside less gonadotoxic therapeutic regimens in the treatment of these patients. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent advances in fertility preservation in the pediatric, adolescent, and young adult population. RECENT FINDINGS Education research involves both patient and provider; to increase understanding on both sides for improved adoption of techniques and higher rates of posttreatment fertility. Basic science research, specific to the pediatric population, has worked to further understanding of protective techniques and cryopreserved tissue transfer. Research on the techniques of preservation confirms the safety of surgical gonadal (ovarian and testicular) tissue retrieval for cryopreservation but a viable pathway for testicular tissue utilization, as it has for ovarian, has yet to be realized. Outcomes may be improving but it is apparent that robust registries are necessary to track patients long-term. Possibly the largest advancement in the recent past are group efforts, such as by PanCareLIFE, to create guidelines for these issues using larger cohorts and registries than were available. SUMMARY Current research implies the need for the development of a national strategy to ensure that pediatric patients undergoing gonadotoxic regimens are educated, alongside their family, about fertility options and outcomes thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roshni Dasgupta
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Mehedintu C, Frincu F, Carp-Veliscu A, Barac R, Badiu DC, Zgura A, Cirstoiu M, Bratila E, Plotogea M. A Warning Call for Fertility Preservation Methods for Women Undergoing Gonadotoxic Cancer Treatment. Medicina (B Aires) 2021; 57:medicina57121340. [PMID: 34946285 PMCID: PMC8709408 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57121340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant hematological conditions have recognized an increased incidence and require aggressive treatments. Targeted chemotherapy, accompanied or not by radiotherapy, raises the chance of defeating the disease, yet cancer protocols often associate long-term gonadal consequences, for instance, diminished or damaged ovarian reserve. The negative effect is directly proportional to the types, doses, time of administration of chemotherapy, and irradiation. Additionally, follicle damage depends on characteristics of the disease and patient, such as age, concomitant diseases, previous gynecological conditions, and ovarian reserve. Patients should be adequately informed when proceeding to gonadotoxic therapies; hence, fertility preservation should be eventually regarded as a first-intention procedure. This procedure is most beneficial when performed before the onset of cancer treatment, with the recommendation for embryos or oocytes’ cryopreservation. If not feasible or acceptable, several options can be available during or after the cancer treatment. Although not approved by medical practice, promising results after in vitro studies increase the chances of future patients to protect their fertility. This review aims to emphasize the mechanism of action and impact of chemotherapy, especially the one proven to be gonadotoxic, upon ovarian reserve and future fertility. Reduced fertility or infertility, as long-term consequences of chemotherapy and, particularly, following bone marrow transplantation, is often associated with a negative impact of recovery, social and personal life, as well as highly decreased quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mehedintu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (F.F.); (A.C.-V.), (R.B.); (A.Z.); (M.C.); (E.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Nicolae Malaxa” Clinical Hospital, 022441 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Francesca Frincu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (F.F.); (A.C.-V.), (R.B.); (A.Z.); (M.C.); (E.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Nicolae Malaxa” Clinical Hospital, 022441 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Andreea Carp-Veliscu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (F.F.); (A.C.-V.), (R.B.); (A.Z.); (M.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Ramona Barac
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (F.F.); (A.C.-V.), (R.B.); (A.Z.); (M.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Dumitru-Cristinel Badiu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (F.F.); (A.C.-V.), (R.B.); (A.Z.); (M.C.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-723226346
| | - Anca Zgura
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (F.F.); (A.C.-V.), (R.B.); (A.Z.); (M.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Monica Cirstoiu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (F.F.); (A.C.-V.), (R.B.); (A.Z.); (M.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Elvira Bratila
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (F.F.); (A.C.-V.), (R.B.); (A.Z.); (M.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Mihaela Plotogea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Nicolae Malaxa” Clinical Hospital, 022441 Bucharest, Romania;
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