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Rondon B, Ungolan P, Wu L, Niu J. Chemically Recyclable Pseudo-Polysaccharides from Living Ring-Opening Polymerization of Glucurono-1,6-lactones. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21868-21876. [PMID: 39051936 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in synthetic methods and monomer design have given access to precision carbohydrate polymers that extend beyond native polysaccharides. In this article, we present the synthesis of a class of chemically recyclable ester-linked pseudo-polysaccharides via the living anionic ring-opening polymerization of glucurono-1,6-lactones. Notably, the pseudo-polysaccharides exhibited defined chain-end groups, well-controlled molecular weights, and narrow molecular weight distributions, all hallmarks of living polymerization. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our approach is modular, as evidenced by tunable glass transition temperatures (Tg) and the ability to produce both amorphous and semicrystalline polymers by adjusting the monomer side chain structure. Lastly, we showcased the complete catalytic chemical recycling of these pseudo-polysaccharides back to the monomers. The flexibility of the polymerization and the recyclability of these pseudo-polysaccharides promote a sustainable circular economy while offering the potential to access polysaccharide-like materials with tunable thermal and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brayan Rondon
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Poom Ungolan
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Lianqian Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Jia Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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MacCalman TE, Phillips-Jones MK, Harding SE. Glycoconjugate vaccines: some observations on carrier and production methods. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2020; 35:93-125. [PMID: 32048549 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2019.1703614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycoconjugate vaccines use protein carriers to improve the immune response to polysaccharide antigens. The protein component allows the vaccine to interact with T cells, providing a stronger and longer-lasting immune response than a polysaccharide interacting with B cells alone. Whilst in theory the mere presence of a protein component in a vaccine should be sufficient to improve vaccine efficacy, the extent of improvement varies. In the present review, a comparison of the performances of vaccines developed with and without a protein carrier are presented. The usefulness of analytical tools for macromolecular integrity assays, in particular nuclear magnetic resonance, circular dichroism, analytical ultracentrifugation and SEC coupled to multi-angle light scattering (MALS) is indicated. Although we focus mainly on bacterial capsular polysaccharide-protein vaccines, some consideration is also given to research on experimental cancer vaccines using zwitterionic polysaccharides which, unusually for polysaccharides, are able to invoke T-cell responses and have been used in the development of potential all-polysaccharide-based cancer vaccines.A general trend of improved immunogenicity for glycoconjugate vaccines is described. Since the immunogenicity of a vaccine will also depend on carrier protein type and the way in which it has been linked to polysaccharide, the effects of different carrier proteins and production methods are also reviewed. We suggest that, in general, there is no single best carrier for use in glycoconjugate vaccines. This indicates that the choice of carrier protein is optimally made on a case-by-case basis, based on what generates the best immune response and can be produced safely in each individual case.Abbreviations: AUC: analytical ultracentrifugation; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CD: circular dichroism spectroscopy; CPS: capsular polysaccharide; CRM197: Cross Reactive Material 197; DT: diphtheria toxoid; Hib: Haemophilius influenzae type b; MALS: multi-angle light scattering; Men: Neisseria menigitidis; MHC-II: major histocompatibility complex class II; NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; OMP: outer membrane protein; PRP: polyribosyl ribitol phosphate; PSA: Polysaccharide A1; Sa: Salmonella; St.: Streptococcus; SEC: size exclusion chromatography; Sta: Staphylococcus; TT: tetanus toxoid; ZPS: zwitterionic polysaccharide(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E MacCalman
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mary K Phillips-Jones
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen E Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Kulturhistorisk Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Bartling B, Rehfeld JS, Boßmann D, de Vries I, Fohrer J, Lammers F, Scheper T, Beutel S. Determination of the Structural Integrity and Stability of Polysialic Acid during Alkaline and Thermal Treatment. Molecules 2019; 25:E165. [PMID: 31906121 PMCID: PMC6982714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia) is a linear homopolymer of varying chain lengths that exists mostly on the outer cell membrane surface of certain bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) K1. PolySia, with an average degree of polymerization of 20 (polySia avDP20), possesses material properties that can be used for therapeutic applications to treat inflammatory neurodegenerative diseases. The fermentation of E. coli K1 enables the large-scale production of endogenous long-chain polySia (DP ≈ 130) (LC polySia), from which polySia avDP20 can be manufactured using thermal hydrolysis. To ensure adequate biopharmaceutical quality of the product, the removal of byproducts and contaminants, such as endotoxins, is essential. Recent studies have revealed that the long-term incubation in alkaline sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions reduces the endotoxin content down to 3 EU (endotoxin units) per mg, which is in the range of pharmaceutical applications. In this study, we analyzed interferences in the intramolecular structure of polySia caused by harsh NaOH treatment or thermal hydrolysis. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed that neither the incubation in an alkaline solution nor the thermal hydrolysis induced any chemical modification. In addition, HPLC analysis with a preceding 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) derivatization demonstrated that the alkaline treatment did not induce any hydrolytic effects to reduce the maximum polymer length and that the controlled thermal hydrolysis reduced the maximum chain length effectively, while cost-effective incubation in alkaline solutions had no adverse effects on LC polySia. Therefore, both methods guarantee the production of high-purity, low-molecular-weight polySia without alterations in the structure, which is a prerequisite for the submission of a marketing authorization application as a medicinal product. However, a specific synthesis of low-molecular-weight polySia with defined chain lengths is only possible to a limited extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Bartling
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (B.B.); (J.S.R.); (D.B.); (I.d.V.); (T.S.)
| | - Johanna S. Rehfeld
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (B.B.); (J.S.R.); (D.B.); (I.d.V.); (T.S.)
| | - Daniel Boßmann
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (B.B.); (J.S.R.); (D.B.); (I.d.V.); (T.S.)
| | - Ingo de Vries
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (B.B.); (J.S.R.); (D.B.); (I.d.V.); (T.S.)
| | - Jörg Fohrer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Frank Lammers
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, 65929 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (B.B.); (J.S.R.); (D.B.); (I.d.V.); (T.S.)
| | - Sascha Beutel
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (B.B.); (J.S.R.); (D.B.); (I.d.V.); (T.S.)
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Santra A, Yu H, Tasnima N, Muthana MM, Li Y, Zeng J, Kenyond NJ, Louie AY, Chen X. Systematic Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of O-Sulfated Sialyl Lewis x Antigens. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2827-2831. [PMID: 28138383 PMCID: PMC5269574 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04104j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
O-Sulfated sialyl Lewis x antigens play important roles in nature. However, due to their structural complexity, they are not readily accessible by either chemical or enzymatic synthetic processes. Taking advantage of a bacterial sialyltransferase mutant that can catalyze the transfer of different sialic acid forms from the corresponding sugar nucleotide donors to Lewis x antigens which are fucosylated glycans as well as an efficient one-pot multienzyme (OPME) sialylation system, O-sulfated sialyl Lewis x antigens containing different sialic acid forms and O-sulfation at different locations were systematically synthesized by chemoenzymatic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Santra
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
| | - Nova Tasnima
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
| | - Musleh M Muthana
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
| | - Jie Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 (USA) ; School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003 (China)
| | - Nicholas J Kenyond
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
| | - Angelique Y Louie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
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Si A, Misra AK. Expedient Synthesis of the Pentasaccharide Repeating Unit of the Polysaccharide O-Antigen of Escherichia coli O11. ChemistryOpen 2015; 5:47-50. [PMID: 27308211 PMCID: PMC4906483 DOI: 10.1002/open.201500129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A convergent [3+2] block synthetic strategy was developed for the synthesis of the pentasaccharide repeating unit of the cell wall O-antigen of Escherichia coli O11 strain in excellent yield in a minimum number of steps. Several suitably functionalized thioglycoside derivatives were used as glycosyl donors during the synthesis of the target compound. A thioglycoside was the glycosyl donor used to couple with another thioglycoside derivative in a highly stereoselective manner exploiting the difference of their reactivity profile. A combination of Niodosuccinimide (NIS) and perchloric acid supported over silica gel (HClO4-SiO2) was used as a thiophilic glycosylation activator system in all stereoselective glycosylation reactions. HClO4-SiO2 acted as a user-friendly solid acid catalyst. Yields were very good in all glycosylation steps with a high stereoselective outcome. The synthetic pentasaccharide could be coupled to an appropriate protein to furnish a glycoconjugate derivative for its use in immunochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshupriya Si
- Bose Institute Division of Molecular Medicine P-1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VII M Kolkata 700054 India
| | - Anup Kumar Misra
- Bose Institute Division of Molecular Medicine P-1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VII M Kolkata 700054 India
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