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Sun T, Liang Q, Wang S, Liao J. Insight into Dendrites Issue in All Solid-State Batteries with Inorganic Electrolyte: Mechanism, Detection and Suppression Strategies. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2308297. [PMID: 38050943 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
All solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are regarded as one of the promising next-generation energy storage devices due to their expected high energy density and capacity. However, failures due to unrestricted growth of lithium dendrites (LDs) have been a critical problem. Moreover, the understanding of dendrite growth inside solid-state electrolytes is limited. Since the dendrite process is a multi-physical field coupled process, including electrical, chemical, and mechanical factors, no definitive conclusion can summarize the root cause of LDs growth in ASSBs till now. Herein, the existing works on mechanism, identification, and solution strategies of LD in ASSBs with inorganic electrolyte are reviewed in detail. The primary triggers are thought to originate mainly at the interface and within the electrolyte, involving mechanical imperfections, inhomogeneous ion transport, inhomogeneous electronic structure, and poor interfacial contact. Finally, some of the representative works and present an outlook are comprehensively summarized, providing a basis and guidance for further research to realize efficient ASSBs for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianrui Sun
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, 313001, China
| | - Qi Liang
- School of Material Science and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Sizhe Wang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, 313001, China
- School of Material Science and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jiaxuan Liao
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, 313001, China
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Delaporte N, Lajoie G, Darwiche A, Vigeant MJ, Collin-Martin S, Clément D. Stabilization of lithium anode with ceramic-rich interlayer for all solid-state batteries. RSC Adv 2022; 12:15493-15507. [PMID: 35685186 PMCID: PMC9128723 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01856j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The deposition of thin layers of polymer/ceramic on a lithium surface to produce a strong barrier against dendrites was demonstrated. Different forms (needle, sphere, rod) and types of ceramic (Al2O3, Mg2B2O5) were tested and polymer/ceramic interlayers of a few micrometers (4 μm minimum) between the lithium and the PEO-based solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) were deposited. Interlayers with high amounts of ceramic up to 85 wt% were successfully coated on the surface of lithium foil. Compact “polymer in ceramic” layers were observed when Al2O3 spheres were used for instance, providing a strong barrier against the progression of dendrites as well as a buffer layer to alleviate the lithium deformation during stripping/plating cycles. The electrochemical performance of the lithium anodes was assessed in symmetrical Li/SPE/Li cells and in full all-solid-state LiFePO4 (LFP)/SPE/Li batteries. It was observed for all the cells that the charge transfer resistance was significantly reduced after the deposition of the polymer/ceramic layers on the lithium surface. In addition, the symmetrical cells were able to cycle at higher C-rates and the durability at C/4 was even improved by a factor of 8. Microscopic observations of Li/SPE/Li stacks after cycling revealed that the polymer/ceramic interlayer reduces the deformation of lithium upon cycling and avoids the formation of dendrites. Finally, LFP/SPE/Li batteries were cycled and better coulombic efficiencies as well as capacity retentions were obtained with the modified lithium electrodes. This work is patent-pending (WO2021/159209A1). Significant electrochemical performance improvement of symmetric Li/Li polymer cells at C/4 by using ceramic-rich coated lithium anodes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Delaporte
- Center of Excellence in Transportation, Electrification and Energy Storage 1806 Bd. Lionel-Boulet Varennes QC Canada
| | - Gilles Lajoie
- Center of Excellence in Transportation, Electrification and Energy Storage 1806 Bd. Lionel-Boulet Varennes QC Canada
| | - Ali Darwiche
- Center of Excellence in Transportation, Electrification and Energy Storage 1806 Bd. Lionel-Boulet Varennes QC Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Vigeant
- Center of Excellence in Transportation, Electrification and Energy Storage 1806 Bd. Lionel-Boulet Varennes QC Canada
| | - Steve Collin-Martin
- Center of Excellence in Transportation, Electrification and Energy Storage 1806 Bd. Lionel-Boulet Varennes QC Canada
| | - Daniel Clément
- Center of Excellence in Transportation, Electrification and Energy Storage 1806 Bd. Lionel-Boulet Varennes QC Canada
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3
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Bella F, De Luca S, Fagiolari L, Versaci D, Amici J, Francia C, Bodoardo S. An Overview on Anodes for Magnesium Batteries: Challenges towards a Promising Storage Solution for Renewables. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:810. [PMID: 33809914 PMCID: PMC8004101 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium-based batteries represent one of the successfully emerging electrochemical energy storage chemistries, mainly due to the high theoretical volumetric capacity of metallic magnesium (i.e., 3833 mAh cm-3 vs. 2046 mAh cm-3 for lithium), its low reduction potential (-2.37 V vs. SHE), abundance in the Earth's crust (104 times higher than that of lithium) and dendrite-free behaviour when used as an anode during cycling. However, Mg deposition and dissolution processes in polar organic electrolytes lead to the formation of a passivation film bearing an insulating effect towards Mg2+ ions. Several strategies to overcome this drawback have been recently proposed, keeping as a main goal that of reducing the formation of such passivation layers and improving the magnesium-related kinetics. This manuscript offers a literature analysis on this topic, starting with a rapid overview on magnesium batteries as a feasible strategy for storing electricity coming from renewables, and then addressing the most relevant outcomes in the field of anodic materials (i.e., metallic magnesium, bismuth-, titanium- and tin-based electrodes, biphasic alloys, nanostructured metal oxides, boron clusters, graphene-based electrodes, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bella
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; (S.D.L.); (L.F.); (D.V.); (J.A.); (C.F.); (S.B.)
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Golozar M, Paolella A, Demers H, Savoie S, Girard G, Delaporte N, Gauvin R, Guerfi A, Lorrmann H, Zaghib K. Direct observation of lithium metal dendrites with ceramic solid electrolyte. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18410. [PMID: 33110177 PMCID: PMC7592047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrite formation, which could cause a battery short circuit, occurs in batteries that contain lithium metal anodes. In order to suppress dendrite growth, the use of electrolytes with a high shear modulus is suggested as an ionic conductive separator in batteries. One promising candidate for this application is Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) because it has excellent mechanical properties and chemical stability. In this work, in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique was employed to monitor the interface behavior between lithium metal and LLZO electrolyte during cycling with pressure. Using the obtained SEM images, videos were created that show the inhomogeneous dissolution and deposition of lithium, which induce dendrite growth. The energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses of dendrites indicate the presence of Li, C, and O elements. Moreover, the cross-section mapping comparison of the LLZO shows the inhomogeneous distribution of La, Zr, and C after cycling that was caused by lithium loss near the Li electrode and possible side reactions. This work demonstrates the morphological and chemical evolution that occurs during cycling in a symmetrical Li–Li cell that contains LLZO. Although the superior mechanical properties of LLZO make it an excellent electrolyte candidate for batteries, the further improvement of the electrochemical stabilization of the garnet–lithium metal interface is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Golozar
- Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage, Hydro-Québec, Varennes, QC, J0L 1N0, Canada.,Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Andrea Paolella
- Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage, Hydro-Québec, Varennes, QC, J0L 1N0, Canada.
| | - Hendrix Demers
- Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage, Hydro-Québec, Varennes, QC, J0L 1N0, Canada
| | - Sylvio Savoie
- Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage, Hydro-Québec, Varennes, QC, J0L 1N0, Canada
| | - Gabriel Girard
- Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage, Hydro-Québec, Varennes, QC, J0L 1N0, Canada
| | - Nicolas Delaporte
- Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage, Hydro-Québec, Varennes, QC, J0L 1N0, Canada
| | - Raynald Gauvin
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Abdelbast Guerfi
- Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage, Hydro-Québec, Varennes, QC, J0L 1N0, Canada
| | - Henning Lorrmann
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Silicatforschung ISC, Neunerplatz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Karim Zaghib
- Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage, Hydro-Québec, Varennes, QC, J0L 1N0, Canada.
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Liu DH, Bai Z, Li M, Yu A, Luo D, Liu W, Yang L, Lu J, Amine K, Chen Z. Developing high safety Li-metal anodes for future high-energy Li-metal batteries: strategies and perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5407-5445. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00636b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Developing high-safety Li-metal anodes (LMAs) are extremely important for the application of high-energy Li-metal batteries. The recently state-of-the-art technologies, strategies and perspectives for developing LMAs are comprehensively summarized in this review.
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Delaporte N, Guerfi A, Demers H, Lorrmann H, Paolella A, Zaghib K. Facile Protection of Lithium Metal for All-Solid-State Batteries. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:192-195. [PMID: 30815326 PMCID: PMC6376212 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A nanolayer of reactive propyl acrylate silane groups was deposited on a lithium surface by using a simple dipping method. The polymerization of cross-linkable silane groups with a layer of ally-ether-ramified polyethylene oxide was induced by UV light. SEM analysis revealed a good dispersion of silane groups grafted on the lithium surface and a layer of polymer of about 4 μm was obtained after casting and reticulation. The electrochemical performance for the unmodified and modified lithium electrodes were compared in symmetrical Li/LLZO/Li cells. Stable plating/stripping and low interfacial resistance were obtained when the modified lithium was utilized, indicating that the combination of silane and polymer deposition is promising to increase Li-metal/garnet contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Delaporte
- Center of Excellence in TransportationElectrification and Energy Storage1806, boul. Lionel-BouletVarennesQC, J3X 1S1Canada
| | - Abdelbast Guerfi
- Center of Excellence in TransportationElectrification and Energy Storage1806, boul. Lionel-BouletVarennesQC, J3X 1S1Canada
| | - Hendrix Demers
- Center of Excellence in TransportationElectrification and Energy Storage1806, boul. Lionel-BouletVarennesQC, J3X 1S1Canada
| | - Henning Lorrmann
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Silicatforschung ISCNeunerplatz 297082WürzburgGermany
| | - Andrea Paolella
- Center of Excellence in TransportationElectrification and Energy Storage1806, boul. Lionel-BouletVarennesQC, J3X 1S1Canada
| | - Karim Zaghib
- Center of Excellence in TransportationElectrification and Energy Storage1806, boul. Lionel-BouletVarennesQC, J3X 1S1Canada
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