Highly Selective and Sensitive Aggregation-Induced Emission of Fluorescein-Coated Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Aggregation-Induced Emission of Contorted Polycondensed Aromatic Hydrocarbons Made by Edge Extension Using a Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclopentannulation Reaction

Contorted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), CPA1-2 and CPB1-2, bearing peripheral five-membered rings were synthesized employing a palladium-catalyzed cyclopentannulation reaction using specially designed diaryl acetylene synthons TPE and TPEN with commercially available dibromo- anthracene DBA and bianthracene DBBA derivatives. The resulting target compounds CPA1-2 and CPB1-2 were isolated in excellent yield and found to be highly soluble in common organic solvents, which allowed for their structural characterization and investigation of the photophysical properties, disclosing their aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties in THF at selective concentration ranges of water fractions in the solvent mixture. Examination of the contorted PAH structures by means of density functional theory (DFT) revealed higher electronic conjugation in the more rigid and planar anthracene-containing CPA1-2 derivatives when compared to the twisted bianthracene-bearing moieties CBPA1-2 with HOMO-LUMO bandgaps (ΔE) of ∼2.32 eV for the former PAHs and ∼2.78 eV for the latter ones.

Recent Progress in Visualization and Analysis of Fingerprint Level 3 Features

Fingerprints provide sufficient and reliable discriminative characteristics which have been considered one of the most robust evidence for individualization. The limitation of current minutiae-based fingerprint technology seems to be solved with the development of level 3 features since they can offer additional information for problematic fingerprint recognition and even donor profiling. So far, tremendous efforts have been devoted to detecting and analysing the third-level details. This review summarizes the advances in level 3 details with an emphasis on their reliability assessment, visualization methods based on physical interaction, residue-response, mass spectrometry and electrochemical techniques, as well as the potentiality for individualization, donor profiling and even other application scenarios. In the end, we also give a personal perspective on the future direction and the remaining challenges in the third-level-detail-related field. We believe that the new exciting progress is expected in the development of level 3 detail detection and analysis with continued interest and attention to this field.