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Takatsuka D, Tachinami H, Suzuki N, Yamazaki M, Yonesi A, Takaichi M, Imaue S, Yamada SI, Tanuma JI, Noguchi M, Tomihara K. PAK4 inhibition augments anti-tumour effect by immunomodulation in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14092. [PMID: 38890401 PMCID: PMC11189426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumours, warranting novel treatments. Here, we examined the therapeutic efficacy of inhibiting p21 activated kinase 4 (PAK4) in OSCC and determined its immunomodulatory effect by focusing on the enhancement of anti-tumour effects. We examined PAK4 expression in OSCC cells and human clinical samples and analysed the proliferation and apoptosis of OSCC cells following PAK4 inhibition in vitro. We also investigated the effects of in vivo administration of a PAK4 inhibitor on immune cell distribution and T-cell immune responses in OSCC tumour-bearing mice. PAK4 was detected in all OSCC cells and OSCC tissue samples. PAK4 inhibitor reduced the proliferation of OSCC cells and induced apoptosis. PAK4 inhibitor significantly attenuated tumour growth in mouse and was associated with increased proportions of IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T-cells. Furthermore, PAK4 inhibitor increased the number of dendritic cells (DCs) and up-regulated the surface expression of various lymphocyte co-stimulatory molecules, including MHC-class I molecules, CD80, CD83, CD86, and CD40. These DCs augmented CD8+ T-cell activation upon co-culture. Our results suggest that PAK4 inhibition in OSCC can have direct anti-tumour and immunomodulatory effects, which might benefit the treatment of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danki Takatsuka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hidetake Tachinami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Nihei Suzuki
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Manabu Yamazaki
- Divisions of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Amirmoezz Yonesi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Mayu Takaichi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shuichi Imaue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Yamada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Tanuma
- Divisions of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Makoto Noguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kei Tomihara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
- Divisions of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
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Nguyen H, Sangha S, Pan M, Shin DH, Park H, Mohammed AI, Cirillo N. Oxidative Stress and Chemoradiation-Induced Oral Mucositis: A Scoping Review of In Vitro, In Vivo and Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4863. [PMID: 35563254 PMCID: PMC9101413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoradiation-induced mucositis is a debilitating condition of the gastrointestinal tract eventuating from antineoplastic treatment. It is believed to occur primarily due to oxidative stress mechanisms, which generate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The aim of this scoping review was to assess the role of oxidative stress in the development of Oral Mucositis (OM). Studies from the literature, published in MEDLINE and SCOPUS, that evaluated the oxidative stress pathways or antioxidant interventions for OM, were retrieved to elucidate the current understanding of their relationship. Studies failing inclusion criteria were excluded, and those suitable underwent data extraction, using a predefined data extraction table. Eighty-nine articles fulfilled criteria, and these were sub-stratified into models of study (in vitro, in vivo, or clinical) for evaluation. Thirty-five clinical studies evaluated antioxidant interventions on OM's severity, duration, and pain, amongst other attributes. A number of clinical studies sought to elucidate the protective or therapeutic effects of compounds that had been pre-determined to have antioxidant properties, without directly assessing oxidative stress parameters (these were deemed "indirect evidence"). Forty-seven in vivo studies assessed the capacity of various compounds to prevent OM. Findings were mostly consistent, reporting reduced OM severity associated with a reduction in ROS, malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), but higher glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity or expression. Twenty-one in vitro studies assessed potential OM therapeutic interventions. The majority demonstrated successful a reduction in ROS, and in select studies, secondary molecules were assessed to identify the mechanism. In summary, this review highlighted numerous oxidative stress pathways involved in OM pathogenesis, which may inform the development of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; (H.N.); (S.S.); (M.P.); (D.H.S.); (H.P.); (A.I.M.)
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Viaña‐Mendieta P, Sánchez ML, Benavides J. Rational selection of bioactive principles for wound healing applications: Growth factors and antioxidants. Int Wound J 2022; 19:100-113. [PMID: 33951280 PMCID: PMC8684881 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process of communication between growth factors, reactive species of oxygen, cells, signalling pathways, and cytokines in the extracellular matrix, in which growth factors are the key regulators. In humans, the main regulators of the cellular responses in wound healing are five growth factors, namely EGF, bFGF, VEGF, and TGF-β1. On the other hand, antioxidants such as astaxanthin, beta-carotene, epigallocatechin gallate, delphinidin, and curcumin have been demonstrated to stimulate cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis, and control inflammation, to suggest a practical approach to design new strategies to treat non-healing cutaneous conditions. Based on the individual effects of growth factors and antioxidants, it may be envisioned that the use of both types of bioactives in wound healing formulations may have an additive or synergistic effect on the healing potential. This review addresses the effect of growth factors and antioxidants on wound healing-related processes. Furthermore, a prospective on their potential additive or synergistic effect on wound healing formulations, based on their individual effects, is presented. This may serve as a guide for the development of a new generation of wound healing formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirna Lorena Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Materiales Biotecnológicos Departamento de Ciencia y TecnologíaUniversidad Nacional de Quilmes, IMBICE‐ConicetBernalBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Jorge Benavides
- Tecnologico de MonterreyEscuela de Ingeniería y CienciasMonterreyNuevo LeónMexico
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Qiu WL, Hsu WH, Tsao SM, Tseng AJ, Lin ZH, Hua WJ, Yeh H, Lin TE, Chen CC, Chen LS, Lin TY. WSG, a Glucose-Rich Polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum, Combined with Cisplatin Potentiates Inhibition of Lung Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13244353. [PMID: 34960904 PMCID: PMC8705874 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has the highest global mortality rate of any cancer. Although targeted therapeutic drugs are commercially available, the common drug resistance and insensitivity to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, a common clinical treatment for lung cancer, have prompted active research on alternative lung cancer therapies and methods for mitigating cisplatin-related complications. In this study, we investigated the effect of WSG, a glucose-rich, water soluble polysaccharide derived from Ganoderma lucidum, on cisplatin-based treatment for lung cancer. Murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC1) cells were injected into C57BL/6 mice subcutaneously and through the tail vein. The combined administration of WSG and cisplatin effectively inhibited tumor growth and the formation of metastatic nodules in the lung tissue of the mice. Moreover, WSG increased the survival rate of mice receiving cisplatin. Co-treatment with WSG and cisplatin induced a synergistic inhibitory effect on the growth of lung cancer cells, enhancing the apoptotic responses mediated by cisplatin. WSG also reduced the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin in both macrophages and normal lung fibroblasts. Our findings suggest that WSG can increase the therapeutic effectiveness of cisplatin. In clinical settings, WSG may be used as an adjuvant or supplementary agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Qiu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (W.-L.Q.); (W.-H.H.); (A.-J.T.); (Z.-H.L.); (W.-J.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Wei-Hung Hsu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (W.-L.Q.); (W.-H.H.); (A.-J.T.); (Z.-H.L.); (W.-J.H.); (H.Y.)
- LO-Sheng Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei 242, Taiwan
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ming Tsao
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Ai-Jung Tseng
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (W.-L.Q.); (W.-H.H.); (A.-J.T.); (Z.-H.L.); (W.-J.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Zhi-Hu Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (W.-L.Q.); (W.-H.H.); (A.-J.T.); (Z.-H.L.); (W.-J.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Wei-Jyun Hua
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (W.-L.Q.); (W.-H.H.); (A.-J.T.); (Z.-H.L.); (W.-J.H.); (H.Y.)
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Yeh
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (W.-L.Q.); (W.-H.H.); (A.-J.T.); (Z.-H.L.); (W.-J.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Tzu-En Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Chang Chen
- The General Education Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 243, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Sheng Chen
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-S.C.); or (T.-Y.L.)
| | - Tung-Yi Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (W.-L.Q.); (W.-H.H.); (A.-J.T.); (Z.-H.L.); (W.-J.H.); (H.Y.)
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-S.C.); or (T.-Y.L.)
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