1
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Hu P, Li W, Huang S, Zhang Z, Liu H, Zhan W, Chen M, Kong Q. Effect of Layered Aminovanadic Oxalate Phosphate on Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resin. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083322. [PMID: 37110556 PMCID: PMC10142990 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To alleviate the fire hazard of epoxy resin (EP), layered ammonium vanadium oxalate-phosphate (AVOPh) with the structural formula of (NH4)2[VO(HPO4)]2(C2O4)·5H2O is synthesized using the hydrothermal method and mixed into an EP matrix to prepare EP/AVOPh composites. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results show that AVOPh exhibits a similar thermal decomposition temperature to EP, which is suitable for flame retardancy for EP. The incorporation of AVOPh nanosheets greatly improves the thermal stability and residual yield of EP/AVOPh composites at high temperatures. The residue of pure EP is 15.3% at 700 °C. In comparison, the residue of EP/AVOPh composites is increased to 23.0% with 8 wt% AVOPh loading. Simultaneously, EP/6 wt% AVOPh composites reach UL-94 V1 rating (t1 + t2 =16 s) and LOI value of 32.8%. The improved flame retardancy of EP/ AVOPh composites is also proven by the cone calorimeter test (CCT). The results of CCT of EP/8 wt% AVOPh composites show that the peak heat release rate (PHHR), total smoke production (TSP), peak of CO production (PCOP), and peak of CO2 production (PCO2P) decrease by 32.7%, 20.4%, 37.1%, and 33.3% compared with those of EP, respectively. This can be attributed to the lamellar barrier, gas phase quenching effect of phosphorus-containing volatiles, the catalytic charring effect of transition metal vanadium, and the synergistic decomposition of oxalic acid structure and charring effect of phosphorus phase, which can insulate heat and inhibit smoke release. Based on the experimental data, AVOPh is expected to serve as a new high-efficiency flame retardant for EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po Hu
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Weixi Li
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zongmian Zhang
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wang Zhan
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mingyi Chen
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qinghong Kong
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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2
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Huang R, Gao C, Shi Y, Fu L, Feng Y, Shui W. Synergistic Function between Phosphorus-Containing Flame Retardant and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes towards Fire Safe Polystyrene Composites with Enhanced Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13434. [PMID: 36362219 PMCID: PMC9655451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As a universal polymer material, polystyrene (PS) is widely applied in electrical devices and construction. Thus, it is necessary to improve the flame retardancy and electromagnetic shielding properties of PS material. In this work, PS/silicon-wrapped ammonium polyphosphate/Inorganic acid-treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes composites (PS/SiAPP/aMWCNT, abbreviated as PAC) were prepared via methods of filtration-induced assembly and hot-pressing. Morphology and structure characterization demonstrated that SiAPP and aMWCNT had good dispersion in PS and excellent compatibility with the PS matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the addition of aMWCNT to PS improved its thermal stability and carbon-forming characteristics. The peak heat release rate, the peak carbon monoxide production rate, and the peak smoke production rate of the PAC10 composite decreased by 53.7%, 41.9%, and 45.5%, respectively, while its electromagnetic shielding effectiveness reached 12 dB. These enhancements were attributed to the reason that SiAPP and aMWCNT synergistically catalyzed the char generation and SiAPP produced free radical scavengers and numbers of incombustible gases, which could decrease the oxygen concentration and retard the combustion reaction. Therefore, the assembled PS/SiAPP/aMWCNT system provides a new pathway to improve the flame retardant and electromagnetic shielding properties of PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhe Huang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Caiqin Gao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yongqian Shi
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Libi Fu
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yuezhan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wei Shui
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, China
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3
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Han Y, Jin L, Xu T, Zhao H, Wang X, Yuan L, Chen L. A novel phosphorus compound acting as a substitute of
DOPO
for flame retard of epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Liang Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Tingting Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Xinlong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Lailai Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Lixin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
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4
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Comparison of the performances of epoxy resin thermosets cured by two P-containing anhydrides. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Zhu H, Chen Y, Huang S, Wang Y, Yang R, Chai H, Zhu F, Kong Q, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Suppressing fire hazard of poly(vinyl alcohol) based on (
NH
4
)
2
[
VO
(
HPO
4
)]
2
(
C
2
O
4
)·
5H
2
O
with layered structure. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Zhu
- School of the Environment and safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Shuai Huang
- School of the Environment and safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of the Environment and safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Ru Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Huiyu Chai
- School of the Environment and safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Fang Zhu
- School of the Environment and safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Qinghong Kong
- School of the Environment and safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- School of the Environment and safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Junhao Zhang
- Zhenjiang Electric Power Supply Company, State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd. Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
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6
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Maleic anhydride grafted acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)/zinc oxide nanocomposite: an anti-microbial material. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Harsági N, Keglevich G. The Hydrolysis of Phosphinates and Phosphonates: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102840. [PMID: 34064764 PMCID: PMC8150351 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphinic and phosphonic acids are useful intermediates and biologically active compounds which may be prepared from their esters, phosphinates and phosphonates, respectively, by hydrolysis or dealkylation. The hydrolysis may take place both under acidic and basic conditions, but the C-O bond may also be cleaved by trimethylsilyl halides. The hydrolysis of P-esters is a challenging task because, in most cases, the optimized reaction conditions have not yet been explored. Despite the importance of the hydrolysis of P-esters, this field has not yet been fully surveyed. In order to fill this gap, examples of acidic and alkaline hydrolysis, as well as the dealkylation of phosphinates and phosphonates, are summarized in this review.
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8
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Zhai W, Li D, Huang P. Influences of high‐impact polystyrene loading on the foaming behavior and
flame‐retardant
properties of polyphenylene oxide composites blown with
CO
2
. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
| | - Die Li
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Pengke Huang
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
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9
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Vothi H, Nguyen C, Hoang D, Kim J. Novel phosphonate-based phosphorus–nitrogen flame retardants and their use as synergists when applied with OP1240 in glass fiber-reinforced poly(butylene terephthalate). Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02818-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Wang D, Guo J, Su M, Sun J, Zhang S, Yang W, Gu X, Li H. The Application of a Novel Char Source From Petroleum Refining Waste in Flame Retardant Thermoplastic Polyurethane. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Special Functional Waterproof Materials Beijing China
| | - Ming Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Wantai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
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11
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Vothi H, Nguyen C, Pham LH, Hoang D, Kim J. Novel Nitrogen-Phosphorus Flame Retardant Based on Phosphonamidate: Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:17791-17797. [PMID: 31681885 PMCID: PMC6822130 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel nitrogen-phosphorus flame retardant (P-N FR) based on phosphonamidate, dimethyl N,N'-1,3-phenylenebis(P-methylphosphonamidate) (DMPMP), was successfully synthesized and its flame-retarding performances and thermal degradation were compared with those of other P-N FRs and a phosphorus-based FR such as resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP). DMPMP was applied to acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) to investigate the factors governing the flame-retarding behaviors of P-N FRs which would make them efficient for noncharrable polymers. V-0 ratings were achieved at 20 wt % loading of DMPMP for ABS and at a much lesser amount of DMPMP loading (10 wt %) for EVA. Meanwhile, no rating and V-2 were achieved even at 20-30 wt % loading of other P-N FRs or RDP for ABS and EVA, respectively. The results from thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared, and UL-94V indicated that DMPMP is a highly efficient FR and acts mainly in a gas-phase flame-retarding mode of action. The condensed phase of DMPMP also contributed to the flame retardancy property through -NH- groups which tendentiously generate a nitrogen-phosphorus-rich residue because of the intermolecular coupling transesterification reaction. These results demonstrated the assumption that DMPMP has a high P content and good hydrostability, which exhibits good flame retardancy for noncharrable polymers such as ABS and EVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Vothi
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering and Department of Life Science, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi 16419, Korea
| | - Congtranh Nguyen
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering and Department of Life Science, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi 16419, Korea
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science Ho Chi Minh 721337, Vietnam
| | - Lam H. Pham
- Department
of Polymer and Composite Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and
Technology, University of Science, Vietnam
National University, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam
| | - DongQuy Hoang
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering and Department of Life Science, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi 16419, Korea
- Department
of Polymer and Composite Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and
Technology, University of Science, Vietnam
National University, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam
- E-mail: (D.H.)
| | - Jinhwan Kim
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering and Department of Life Science, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi 16419, Korea
- E-mail: (J.K.)
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12
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Feng Z, Guo J, Yan Y, Sun J, Zhang S, Wang W, Gu X, Li H. Modification of mesoporous silica with phosphotungstic acid and its effects on the combustion and thermal behavior of polylactic acid composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Goryunov EI, Goryunova IB, Molchanova GN, Kudryavtsev IY, Baulina TV, Khodak AA, Strelkova TV, Brel VK. Electrophilic Catalysis in the Synthesis of Aryl Methyl- and Phenylphosphonochloridates. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363218090025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Hou S, Zhang YJ, Jiang P. Synergistic effects of synthetic phosphonium sulfonates with expandable graphite on flame retardancy for EVA rubber blends. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Wendels S, Chavez T, Bonnet M, Salmeia KA, Gaan S. Recent Developments in Organophosphorus Flame Retardants Containing P-C Bond and Their Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E784. [PMID: 28773147 PMCID: PMC5551827 DOI: 10.3390/ma10070784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds containing P-C bonds are increasingly developed as flame retardant additives due to their excellent thermal and hydrolytic stability and ease of synthesis. The latest development (since 2010) in organophosphorus flame retardants containing P-C bonds summarized in this review. In this review, we have broadly classified such phosphorus compounds based on the carbon unit linked to the phosphorus atom i.e., could be a part of either an aliphatic or an aromatic unit. We have only considered those published literature where a P-C bond was created as a part of synthetic strategy to make either an intermediate or a final organophosphorus compound with an aim to use it as a flame retardant. General synthetic strategies to create P-C bonds are briefly discussed. Most popular synthetic strategies used for developing P-C containing phosphorus based flame retardants include Michael addition, Michaelis-Arbuzov, Friedels-Crafts and Grignard reactions. In general, most flame retardant derivatives discussed in this review have been prepared via a one- to two-step synthetic strategy with relatively high yields greater than 80%. Specific examples of P-C containing flame retardants synthesized via suitable synthetic strategy and their applications on various polymer systems are described in detail. Aliphatic phosphorus compounds being liquids or low melting solids are generally applied in polymers via coatings (cellulose) or are incorporated in the bulk of the polymers (epoxy, polyurethanes) during their polymerization as reactive or non-reactive additives. Substituents on the P atoms and the chemistry of the polymer matrix greatly influence the flame retardant behavior of these compounds (condensed phase vs. the gas phase). Recently, aromatic DOPO based phosphinate flame retardants have been developed with relatively higher thermal stabilities (>250 °C). Such compounds have potential as flame retardants for high temperature processable polymers such as polyesters and polyamides. A vast variety of P-C bond containing efficient flame retardants are being developed; however, further work in terms of their economical synthetic methods, detailed impact on mechanical properties and processability, long term durability and their toxicity and environmental impact is much needed for their potential commercial exploitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Wendels
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Thiebault Chavez
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Bonnet
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Khalifah A Salmeia
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Sabyasachi Gaan
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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16
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Shi Y, Yu B, Duan L, Gui Z, Wang B, Hu Y, Yuen RKK. Graphitic carbon nitride/phosphorus-rich aluminum phosphinates hybrids as smoke suppressants and flame retardants for polystyrene. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 332:87-96. [PMID: 28285110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride/organic aluminum hypophosphites (g-C3N4/OAHPi) hybrids, i.e., CPDCPAHPi and CBPODAHPi, were synthesized by esterification and salification reactions, and then incorporated into polystyrene (PS) to prepare composites through a melt blending method. Structure and morphology characterizations demonstrated the successful synthesis of PDCPAHPi, BPODAHPi and their hybrids. The g-C3N4 protected OAHPi from external heat and thus improved the thermal stability of OAHPi. Combining g-C3N4 with OAHPi contributed to reduction in peak of heat release rate, total heat release and smoke production rate of PS matrix. Reduced smoke released has also been demonstrated by smoke density chamber testing. Additionally, introduction of the hybrids led to decreased release of flammable aromatic compounds. These properties improvement could be attributed to gas phase action and physical barrier effect in condensed phase: phosphorus-containing low-energy radicals generated from OAHPi effectively captured high-energy free-radicals evolved from PS; g-C3N4 nanosheets retarded the permeation of heat and the escape of volatile degradation products. Therefore, g-C3N4/OAHPi hybrids will provide a potential strategy to reduce the fire hazards of PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqian Shi
- College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, PR China.
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, PR China; Nanotechnology Centre, Institute of Textiles & Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Lijin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Zhou Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Bibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, PR China.
| | - Richard K K Yuen
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong,Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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17
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Chen X, Ma C, Jiao C. Enhancement of flame-retardant performance of thermoplastic polyurethane with the incorporation of aluminum hypophosphite and iron-graphene. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Feng J, Carpanese C, Fina A. Thermal decomposition investigation of ABS containing Lewis-acid type metal salts. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Kim W, Hoang D, Vothi H, Nguyen C, Giang T, An H, Kim J. Synthesis, flame retardancy, and thermal degradation behaviors of novel organo-phosphorus compounds derived from 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO). Macromol Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-016-4012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Chen X, Ma C, Jiao C. Synergistic effects between [Emim]PF6 and aluminum hypophosphite on flame retardant thermoplastic polyurethane. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14094g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synergistic flame retardancy of ionic liquid ([Emim]PF6) and AHP on TPU has been studied. AHP was used as the main flame retardant and [Emim]PF6 was used as the catalytic/synergistic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilei Chen
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
| | - Cuiyong Ma
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
| | - Chuanmei Jiao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
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21
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Hoang D, Kim J. Flame-retarding behaviors of novel spirocyclic organo-phosphorus compounds based on pentaerythritol. Macromol Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-015-3085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Chen R, Persky R, Goldshtein J, Margel S. Thermal Behavior Study of Tri-Sodium Styrylbisphosphonate Using TGA/TGA-MS and 31P NMR. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2014.976339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravit Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Rachel Persky
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Jenny Goldshtein
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Shlomo Margel
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
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23
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Hoang D, Kim W, An H, Kim J. Flame retardancies of novel organo-phosphorus flame retardants based on DOPO derivatives when applied to ABS. Macromol Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-015-3058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Jin TX, Zhang XY, Tao YF, Wang D, Chen F, Fu Q. A novel biodegradable phosphorus-containing copolyester with preferable flame retardancy and mechanical properties. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11390c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon the incorporation of HPPPA, the LOI values of the PBSHs were increased to 35% and the copolyester can also achieve a UL-94 V-0 rating in vertical burning test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Xiang Jin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Xian-Yin Zhang
- Chengdu TALY Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd
- Chengdu 610100
- China
| | - Yun-Feng Tao
- Chengdu TALY Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd
- Chengdu 610100
- China
| | - Dan Wang
- Chengdu TALY Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd
- Chengdu 610100
- China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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25
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Wu Z, Li J, Wang Z. Liquid oxygen compatibility and thermal stability of bisphenol A and bisphenol F epoxy resins modified by DOPO. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjun Wu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
- The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 205 North Mathews Ave. Urbana IL 61801-2352 USA
| | - Jialiang Li
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
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26
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Thermal kinetics and decomposition mechanism of methylphenylphosphinic acid and diphenylphosphinic acid. Chem Res Chin Univ 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-014-4092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Flame retardancy and synergistic flame retardant mechanisms of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene composites based on aluminum hypophosphite. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Qu H, Liu X, Xu J, Ma H, Jiao Y, Xie J. Investigation on Thermal Degradation of Poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate) Filled with Aluminum Hypophosphite and Trimer by Thermogravimetric Analysis–Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric Analysis–Mass Spectrometry. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie404297r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiang Qu
- College of Chemistry and
Environmental Science, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusi East Road, Baoding 071002, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Chemistry and
Environmental Science, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusi East Road, Baoding 071002, Hebei, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- College of Chemistry and
Environmental Science, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusi East Road, Baoding 071002, Hebei, PR China
| | - Haiyun Ma
- College of Chemistry and
Environmental Science, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusi East Road, Baoding 071002, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yunhong Jiao
- College of Chemistry and
Environmental Science, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusi East Road, Baoding 071002, Hebei, PR China
| | - Jixing Xie
- College of Chemistry and
Environmental Science, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusi East Road, Baoding 071002, Hebei, PR China
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29
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Yue B, Yan L, Han S, Xie L. Proton Transport Pathways in an Acid–Base Complex Consisting of a Phosphonic Acid Group and a 1,2,3-Triazolyl Group. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:7941-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp404684e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Yue
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444,
China
| | - Liuming Yan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444,
China
| | - Shuaiyuan Han
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444,
China
| | - Liqing Xie
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444,
China
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30
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Jing XK, Guo DM, Zhang JB, Zhai FY, Wang XL, Chen L, Wang YZ. Thermal Transition Behavior, Thermal Stability, and Flame Retardancy of Low-Melting-Temperature Copolyester: Comonomer Effect. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie302919n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ke Jing
- Center for
Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric
Materials, College of Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory of
Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - De-Ming Guo
- Center for
Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric
Materials, College of Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory of
Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jun-Bo Zhang
- Center for
Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric
Materials, College of Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory of
Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Fei-Yu Zhai
- Center for
Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric
Materials, College of Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory of
Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- Center for
Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric
Materials, College of Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory of
Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Li Chen
- Center for
Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric
Materials, College of Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory of
Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- Center for
Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric
Materials, College of Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory of
Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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31
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Yuan B, Bao C, Guo Y, Song L, Liew KM, Hu Y. Preparation and Characterization of Flame-Retardant Aluminum Hypophosphite/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Composite. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie301650f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bihe Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
- USTC-CityU Joint Advanced Research
Centre, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute
for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, 166 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenlu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Kim Meow Liew
- USTC-CityU Joint Advanced Research
Centre, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute
for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, 166 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123,
People’s Republic of China
- Department of Building and Construction,
City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
- USTC-CityU Joint Advanced Research
Centre, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute
for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, 166 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123,
People’s Republic of China
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32
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Lu C, Bhatt LR, Jun HY, Park SH, Chai KY. Carboxyl–polyethylene glycol–phosphoric acid: a ligand for highly stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm34327d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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