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Liu H, Lao Y, Wang J, Jiang J, Yu C, Liu Y. Rational Design of Mesoporous Silica (SBA-15)/PF (Phenolic Resin) Nanocomposites by Tuning the Pore Sizes of Mesoporous Silica. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8879. [PMID: 36556683 PMCID: PMC9783265 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of composite materials with functional additives proved to be an effective way to improve or supplement the required properties of polymers. Herein, mesoporous silica (SBA-15) with different pore sizes were used as functional additives to prepare SBA-15/PF (phenolic resin) nanocomposites, which were prepared by in situ polymerization and then, compression molding. The physical properties and structural parameters of SBA-15 with different pore sizes were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal properties of the SBA-15/PF hybrid were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The mechanical, friction, and dynamic mechanical properties of SBA-15/PF nanocomposites were also studied. The results revealed that the pore sizes of SBA-15 have a significant effect on the resulting SBA-15/PF hybrid and SBA-15/PF nanocomposites. The thermal stability of the SBA-15/PF hybrid was dramatically improved in comparison with pure PF. The friction and dynamic mechanical properties of the SBA-15/PF nanocomposites were enhanced significantly. Specifically, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the nanocomposite increased by 19.0 °C for the SBA-15/PF nanocomposites modified with SBA-15-3. In addition, the nanocomposite exhibited a more stable friction coefficient and a lower wear rate at a high temperature. The enhancement in thermal and frictional properties for the nanocomposites is ascribed to the confinement of the PF chains or chain segments in the mesopores channels.
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Li Z, Cao XM, Jiang LY, Wei P, Zhang J, Wang DY. Interface-charring catalysis enables fire-safe and mechanically reinforced epoxy via facile interfacial aggregation induction. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Barczewski M, Hejna A, Sałasińska K, Aniśko J, Piasecki A, Skórczewska K, Andrzejewski J. Thermomechanical and Fire Properties of Polyethylene-Composite-Filled Ammonium Polyphosphate and Inorganic Fillers: An Evaluation of Their Modification Efficiency. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122501. [PMID: 35746078 PMCID: PMC9230569 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new polymer compositions characterized by a reduced environmental impact while lowering the price for applications in large-scale production requires the search for solutions based on the reduction in the polymer content in composites' structure, as well as the use of fillers from sustainable sources. The study aimed to comprehensively evaluate introducing low-cost inorganic fillers, such as copper slag (CS), basalt powder (BP), and expanded vermiculite (VM), into the flame-retarded ammonium polyphosphate polyethylene composition (PE/APP). The addition of fillers (5-20 wt%) increased the stiffness and hardness of PE/APP, both at room and at elevated temperatures, which may increase the applicability range of the flame retardant polyethylene. The deterioration of composites' tensile strength and impact strength induced by the presence of inorganic fillers compared to the unmodified polymer is described in detail. The addition of BP, CS, and VM with the simultaneous participation of APP with a total share of 40 wt% caused only a 3.1, 4.6, and 3 MPa decrease in the tensile strength compared to the reference value of 23 MPa found for PE. In turn, the cone calorimeter measurements allowed for the observation of a synergistic effect between APP and VM, reducing the peak heat rate release (pHRR) by 60% compared to unmodified PE. Incorporating fillers with a similar thermal stability but differing particle size distribution and shape led to additional information on their effectiveness in changing the properties of polyethylene. Critical examinations of changes in the mechanical and thermomechanical properties related to the structure analysis enabled the definition of the potential application perspectives analyzed in terms of burning behavior in a cone calorimetry test. Adding inorganic fillers derived from waste significantly reduces the flammability of composites with a matrix of thermoplastic polymers while increasing their sustainability and lowering their price without considerably reducing their mechanical properties, which allows for assigning developed materials as a replacement for flame-retarded polyethylene in large-scale non-loaded parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Barczewski
- Institute of Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland; (J.A.); (J.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.H.); (K.S.); Tel.: +48-61-647-58-58 (M.B.)
| | - Aleksander Hejna
- Department of Polymer Technology, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.H.); (K.S.); Tel.: +48-61-647-58-58 (M.B.)
| | - Kamila Sałasińska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Aerosol Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection—National Research Institute, Czerniakowsa 16, 00-701 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.H.); (K.S.); Tel.: +48-61-647-58-58 (M.B.)
| | - Joanna Aniśko
- Institute of Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland; (J.A.); (J.A.)
| | - Adam Piasecki
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 24, 60-965 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Skórczewska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Jacek Andrzejewski
- Institute of Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland; (J.A.); (J.A.)
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Aytan E, Aytan TA, Kahraman MV. Phosphorus Ester Containing Mesoporous Silica as Novel High‐Effective Flame Retardant in Polyurethane and Polyester Coatings. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Aytan
- Marmara University Department of Chemistry 34722 Istanbul Turkey
- Kimteks Poliüretan Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş. 34415 Istanbul Turkey
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Wang L, Liu M, Yang F, Wu T, Rao W, Liu Y, Wei C, Yu C. Comparative Study on the Structure, Mechanical, Thermal, and Tribological Properties of PF Composites Reinforced by Different Kinds of Mesoporous Silicas. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-01934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Li X, Liang D, Hu Z, He J, Bian X, Cui J. Synergistic effects of polyoxometalate‐based ionic liquid‐doped sepiolite in intumescent flame‐retardant high‐density polyethylene. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology North University of China Taiyuan China
- Department of Materials Engineering Taiyuan Institute of Technology Taiyuan China
| | - Dong Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology North University of China Taiyuan China
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology North University of China Taiyuan China
| | - Jilai He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology North University of China Taiyuan China
| | - Xiangcheng Bian
- Department of Materials Engineering Taiyuan Institute of Technology Taiyuan China
| | - Jianlan Cui
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology North University of China Taiyuan China
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The Flame Retardancy of Polyethylene Composites: From Fundamental Concepts to Nanocomposites. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215157. [PMID: 33167598 PMCID: PMC7664228 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene (PE) is one the most used plastics worldwide for a wide range of applications due to its good mechanical and chemical resistance, low density, cost efficiency, ease of processability, non-reactivity, low toxicity, good electric insulation, and good functionality. However, its high flammability and rapid flame spread pose dangers for certain applications. Therefore, different flame-retardant (FR) additives are incorporated into PE to increase its flame retardancy. In this review article, research papers from the past 10 years on the flame retardancy of PE systems are comprehensively reviewed and classified based on the additive sources. The FR additives are classified in well-known FR families, including phosphorous, melamine, nitrogen, inorganic hydroxides, boron, and silicon. The mechanism of fire retardance in each family is pinpointed. In addition to the efficiency of each FR in increasing the flame retardancy, its impact on the mechanical properties of the PE system is also discussed. Most of the FRs can decrease the heat release rate (HRR) of the PE products and simultaneously maintains the mechanical properties in appropriate ratios. Based on the literature, inorganic hydroxide seems to be used more in PE systems compared to other families. Finally, the role of nanotechnology for more efficient FR-PE systems is discussed and recommendations are given on implementing strategies that could help incorporate flame retardancy in the circular economy model.
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Abboud M, Bondock S, El‐Zahhar AA, Alghamdi MM, Keshk SMAS. Synthesis and characterization of dialdehyde cellulose/amino‐functionalized
MCM
‐41 c
ore‐shell
microspheres as a new eco‐friendly flame‐retardant nanocomposite. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abboud
- Catalysis Research Group (CRG), Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir Bondock
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Adel A. El‐Zahhar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed M. Alghamdi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif M. A. S. Keshk
- Nanomaterials and Systems for Renewable Energy Laboratory, Research and Technology Center of Energy Hammam Lif Tunisia
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Quanyong Wang, Li W, Zhang L, Zhang J, Xiong W, Wu Y, Song B, Mai Y. Enhanced Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of Intumescent Flame-Retardant Polypropylene with Triazine Derivative-Modified Nano-SiO2. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090420030173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Li Z, Zhang J, Nie S, Wen X, Djaziri S, Wang DY. Bioinspired growth of iron derivatives on mesoporous silica: effect on thermal degradation and fire behavior of polystyrene. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:065601. [PMID: 31618714 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab4e46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to investigate the influence of pore property of mesoporous material on thermal degradation and fire behavior of polystyrene (PS), the ultrafine iron derivatives were uniformly grown on the interior wall of SBA-15 via the coordination-induced assembly by bioinspired polydopamine (PDA). The resultant SBA-15@PDA@Fe was verified by various characterizations with the dominant component of FeOOH. Compared with PS composites with SBA-15, PS composites with SBA-15@PDA@Fe revealed the notably divergent alteration in thermal and thermal-oxidation degradation behavior, which was determined by the changed pore property. The iron derivatives in SBA-15 mesopores possessed the stronger affinity to aerobic volatiles than anaerobic volatiles (via π-π coordination), which inhibited the release of oxidatively decomposed products and enhanced thermal-oxidation stability. In addition, SBA-15@PDA@Fe was capable to preferentially improve limiting oxygen index, accompanied by the decrease of smoke production through suppressing smoke precursors. The glass transition temperature (T g) of PS/SBA-15 was slightly increased via the bioinspired modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, People's Republic of China
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, E-28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jing Zhang
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, E-28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shibin Nie
- School of Energy Resources and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wen
- Nanomaterials Physicochemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, al. Piastów 45, 70-311, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Soundes Djaziri
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, E-28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - De-Yi Wang
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, E-28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
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Yin X, Yin Y, Cheng D, Feng Y, Zhang G, Wen J. In-Situ Bubble Stretching Assisted Melt Extrusion for the Preparation of HDPE/UHMWPE/CF Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11122054. [PMID: 31835658 PMCID: PMC6960775 DOI: 10.3390/polym11122054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a novel melt extrusion method under synergy of extensional deformation and in-situ bubble stretching (ISBS) and corresponding apparatus were reported. The structure and working principle were introduced in detail. Polymer composites composed of high density polyethylene (HDPE)/ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/carbon fiber (CF) were prepared by using this new method. Effects of CF and Azodicarbonamide (AC) contents on composites' morphology, rheological, thermal, and mechanical properties were experimentally investigated. SEM results showed that the CFs dispersed evenly in the matrix when the AC content was relatively high. DSC results showed that co-crystallization of HDPE and UHMWPE occurred in the composites, and the Xc of the composites decreased with the addition of AC or under high CF loadings. TGA results showed that the thermostability of the composites increased markedly with increasing CF loading. Mechanical properties showed that tensile strength increased by 30% with 9 wt % CF and 0.6 wt % AC added. The results aforementioned indicate that the novel melt extrusion method is a green and effective way to prepare HDPE/UHMWPE/CF composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (X.Y.); (Y.Y.); (D.C.); (J.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Youhua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (X.Y.); (Y.Y.); (D.C.); (J.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Di Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (X.Y.); (Y.Y.); (D.C.); (J.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yanhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (X.Y.); (Y.Y.); (D.C.); (J.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (Z.G.)
| | - Guizhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (X.Y.); (Y.Y.); (D.C.); (J.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (Z.G.)
| | - Jinsong Wen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (X.Y.); (Y.Y.); (D.C.); (J.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Zhang S, Tang W, Guo J, Jin X, Li H, Gu X, Sun J. Improvement of flame retardancy and thermal stability of polypropylene by P-type hydrated silica aluminate containing lanthanum. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Jiang SD, Tang G, Chen J, Huang ZQ, Hu Y. Biobased polyelectrolyte multilayer-coated hollow mesoporous silica as a green flame retardant for epoxy resin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 342:689-697. [PMID: 28910653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe a multifunctional biobased polyelectrolyte multilayer-coated hollow mesoporous silica (HM-SiO2@CS@PCL) as a green flame retardant through layer-by-layer assembly using hollow mesoporous silica (HM-SiO2), chitosan (CS) and phosphorylated cellulose (PCL). The electrostatic interactions deposited the CS/PCL coating on the surface of HM-SiO2. Subsequently, this multifunctional flame retardant was used to enhance thermal properties and flame retardancy of epoxy resin. The addition of HM-SiO2@CS@PCL to the epoxy resin thermally destabilized the epoxy resin composite, but generated a higher char yield. Furthermore, HM-SiO2 played a critical role and generated synergies with CS and PCL to improve fire safety of the epoxy resin due to the multiple flame retardancy elements (P, N and Si). This multi-element, synergistic, flame-retardant system resulted in a remarkable reduction (51%) of peak heat release rate and a considerable removal of flammable decomposed products. Additionally, the incorporation of HM-SiO2@CS@PCL can sustainably recycle the epoxy resin into high value-added hollow carbon spheres during combustion. Therefore, the HM-SiO2@CS@PCL system provides a practical possibility for preparing recyclable polymer materials with multi-functions and high performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Dong Jiang
- Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, The Western Park of the Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory in Spatial Information Technology for High-speed Railway Safety, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Gang Tang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, 59 Hudong Road, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, PR China
| | - Junmin Chen
- Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, The Western Park of the Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory in Spatial Information Technology for High-speed Railway Safety, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zheng-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Yuan Hu
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, 59 Hudong Road, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, PR China
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