1
|
Yang Y, Shen H, Luo Y, Zhang R, Sun J, Liu X, Zong Z, Tang G. Rigid polyurethane foam composites based on iron tailing: Thermal stability, flame retardancy and fire toxicity. CELLULAR POLYMERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/02624893221105317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore the potential utilization value of iron tailings, the typical solid waste-iron tailings was introduced into rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) as a flame retardant filler in this paper. The flame retardant performance, combustion performance, gas-phase products and char residue’s related properties of RPUF/ITS composites were systematically investigated by limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric (TG), cone calorimetry (CCT) and thermogravimetric-infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR). The results showed that ITS improved the overall thermal stability of the composites, and the T-5%, T-50%, Tmax1, Tmax2 and char residue rates were all higher than those of the pure samples. The CCT indicated that ITS had a certain effect on smoke suppression and heat release reduction. The peak heat release rate of RPUF-6 was reduced by 22.75% compared with that of the pure sample, and the total smoke release of RPUF-2 was reduced by 25.36%. Smoke factor (SF), fire growth rate index and fire performance index indicated that ITS reduced the fire risk of RPUF/ITS composites. TG-FTIR showed that ITS inhibited the decomposition of RPUF/ITS composites, and the release intensity of hydrocarbons, CO2, isocyanate compound, CO, aromatic compounds and esters decreased significantly. TG, MCC, scanning electron microscope and Raman implied that ITS promoted the formation of a dense char layer in RPUF and improved the heat resistance of the char layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Yang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, China
| | - Haifeng Shen
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, China
| | - Yuzhou Luo
- Business School, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Renhui Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China
| | - Junjie Sun
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, China
| | - Xiuyu Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, China
| | - Zhifang Zong
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, China
| | - Gang Tang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu M, Liu X, Sun P, Tang G, Yang Y, Kan Y, Ye M, Zong Z. Thermoplastic polyurethane composites based on aluminum hypophosphite/modified iron tailings system with outstanding fire performance. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Xinliang Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Po Sun
- Analysis and Testing Central Facility Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Gang Tang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Yadong Yang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Yongchun Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Mingfu Ye
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei China
| | - Zhifang Zong
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Burgada F, Fages E, Quiles-Carrillo L, Lascano D, Ivorra-Martinez J, Arrieta MP, Fenollar O. Upgrading Recycled Polypropylene from Textile Wastes in Wood Plastic Composites with Short Hemp Fiber. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13081248. [PMID: 33921403 PMCID: PMC8070082 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This research reports the manufacturing and characterization of green composites made from recycled polypropylene obtained from the remnants of polypropylene non-woven fabrics used in the textile industry and further reinforced with short hemp fibers (SHFs). To improve the interaction of the reinforcing fibers with the recycled polymeric matrix, two types of compatibilizing agents (maleic anhydride grafted, PP-g-MA, and maleinized linseed oil, MLO) were added during melt-processing, the percentage of which had to remain constant concerning the amount of fiber loading to ensure complete reactivity. Standardized test specimens were obtained by injection molding. The composites were characterized by mechanical (tensile, impact, and hardness), thermal (DSC, TGA), thermomechanical, FTIR, and FESEM microscopy tests. In addition, color and water uptake properties were also analyzed. The results show that the addition of PP-g-MA to rPP was satisfactory, thus improving the fiber-matrix interaction, resulting in a marked reinforcing effect of the hemp fibers in the recycled PP matrix, which can be reflected in the increased stiffness of the samples. In parallel to the compatibilizing effect, a plasticizing effect was obtained by incorporating MLO, causing a decrease in the glass transition temperature of the composites by approximately 6 °C and an increase in ductility compared to the unfilled recycled polypropylene samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Burgada
- Textile Research Institute (AITEX), Plaza Emilio Sala 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (F.B.); (E.F.)
| | - Eduardo Fages
- Textile Research Institute (AITEX), Plaza Emilio Sala 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (F.B.); (E.F.)
| | - Luis Quiles-Carrillo
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (L.Q.-C.); (D.L.); (J.I.-M.)
| | - Diego Lascano
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (L.Q.-C.); (D.L.); (J.I.-M.)
- Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito 170517, Ecuador
| | - Juan Ivorra-Martinez
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (L.Q.-C.); (D.L.); (J.I.-M.)
| | - Marina P. Arrieta
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y del Medio Ambiente, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM), C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Grupo de Investigación: Polímeros, Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Octavio Fenollar
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (L.Q.-C.); (D.L.); (J.I.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-966-528-433
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu X, Pang H, Zheng N, Tian P, Ning G. High effects of smoke suppression and char formation of NiMo/Mg(OH)
2
for polypropylene. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingkun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Hongchang Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Peng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Guiling Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Seidi F, Movahedifar E, Naderi G, Akbari V, Ducos F, Shamsi R, Vahabi H, Saeb MR. Flame Retardant Polypropylenes: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081701. [PMID: 32751298 PMCID: PMC7464193 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) is a commodity plastic known for high rigidity and crystallinity, which is suitable for a wide range of applications. However, high flammability of PP has always been noticed by users as a constraint; therefore, a variety of additives has been examined to make PP flame-retardant. In this work, research papers on the flame retardancy of PP have been comprehensively reviewed, classified in terms of flame retardancy, and evaluated based on the universal dimensionless criterion of Flame Retardancy Index (FRI). The classification of additives of well-known families, i.e., phosphorus-based, nitrogen-based, mineral, carbon-based, bio-based, and hybrid flame retardants composed of two or more additives, was reflected in FRI mirror calculated from cone calorimetry data, whatever heat flux and sample thickness in a given series of samples. PP composites were categorized in terms of flame retardancy performance as Poor, Good, or Excellent cases. It also attempted to correlate other criteria like UL-94 and limiting oxygen index (LOI) with FRI values, giving a broad view of flame retardancy performance of PP composites. The collected data and the conclusions presented in this survey should help researchers working in the field to select the best additives among possibilities for making the PP sufficiently flame-retardant for advanced applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Seidi
- Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Elnaz Movahedifar
- Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (E.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Ghasem Naderi
- Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (E.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Vahideh Akbari
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France;
| | - Franck Ducos
- Université de Lorraine, IUT de Moselle Est, IUTSGM, 57600 Forbach, France;
| | - Ramin Shamsi
- Research and Development Center, Marun Petrochemical Company, Mahshahr 63531 69311, Iran;
| | - Henri Vahabi
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France;
- Correspondence: (H.V.); or (M.R.S.); Tel.: +33-(0)38-793-9186 (H.V.); +98-912-826-4307 (M.R.S.); Fax: +33-(0)38-793-9101 (H.V.)
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France;
- Correspondence: (H.V.); or (M.R.S.); Tel.: +33-(0)38-793-9186 (H.V.); +98-912-826-4307 (M.R.S.); Fax: +33-(0)38-793-9101 (H.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li J, Lai X, Li H, Zeng X, Liu Y, Zeng Y, Jiang C. Functionalized ZrP nanosheet with free‐radical quenching capability and its synergism in intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer MaterialsSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Xuejun Lai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer MaterialsSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Hongqiang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer MaterialsSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Xingrong Zeng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer MaterialsSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Yuncong Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer MaterialsSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Yunsheng Zeng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer MaterialsSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Changcheng Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer MaterialsSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|