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Tang YH, Liu J, Chen ZY, Li Y, Cao CF, Zhang GD, Tang LC. Recent Advances in Fire-Retardant Silicone Rubber Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2442. [PMID: 39274075 PMCID: PMC11398014 DOI: 10.3390/polym16172442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Silicone rubber (SR), as one kind of highly valuable rubber material, has been widely used in many fields, e.g., construction, transportation, the electronics industry, automobiles, aviation, and biology, owing to its attractive properties, including high- and low-temperature resistance, weathering resistance, chemical stability, and electrical isolation, as well as transparency. Unfortunately, the inherent flammability of SR largely restricts its practical application in many fields that have high standard requirements for flame retardancy. Throughout the last decade, a series of flame-retardant strategies have been adopted which enhance the flame retardancy of SR and even enhance its other key properties, such as mechanical properties and thermal stability. This comprehensive review systematically reviewed the recent research advances in flame-retarded SR materials and summarized and introduced the up-to-date design of different types of flame retardants and their effects on flame-retardant properties and other performances of SR. In addition, the related flame-retardant mechanisms of the as-prepared flame-retardant SR materials are analyzed and presented. Moreover, key challenges associated with these various types of FRs are discussed, and future development directions are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hao Tang
- China Helicopter Research and Development Institute, Jingdezhen 333001, China
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of MoE, Key Laboratory of Silicone Materials Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zuan-Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of MoE, Key Laboratory of Silicone Materials Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of MoE, Key Laboratory of Silicone Materials Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Cheng-Fei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of MoE, Key Laboratory of Silicone Materials Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Guo-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of MoE, Key Laboratory of Silicone Materials Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Long-Cheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of MoE, Key Laboratory of Silicone Materials Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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Wang L, Leng B, Shan C, Zhao X, Zhu C, Liu Y, Zhang H, Xu W, Liu B. Electron‐beam irradiated ceramizable‐silicone‐rubber‐composites containing allyl‐functionalized cyclophosphazene. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Leng
- Changchun Power Supply Company State Grid (Jilin Province) Electric Power Co., Ltd. Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Cengliang Shan
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Changchun Power Supply Company State Grid (Jilin Province) Electric Power Co., Ltd. Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Zhu
- Changchun Power Supply Company State Grid (Jilin Province) Electric Power Co., Ltd. Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Changchun Radiation Technology Co., Ltd. China Isotope & Radiation Corporation (CIRC) Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Changchun Radiation Technology Co., Ltd. China Isotope & Radiation Corporation (CIRC) Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Wenge Xu
- Changchun Radiation Technology Co., Ltd. China Isotope & Radiation Corporation (CIRC) Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Baijun Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun People's Republic of China
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Tang K, Yu Y, Xu G, Tang X, Zhang A, Ge T, Li Y. Preparation of a Ceramifiable Phenolic Foam and Its Ceramization Behavior. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081591. [PMID: 35458341 PMCID: PMC9030769 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramifiable phenolic foam (GC-PF) with a low ceramization temperature has been prepared by incorporation of low melting point glass frits (LMG) containing B2O3 and Na2O as main components into a phenolic resin matrix. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy were used for assessment of the structure, phase composition, and morphology of GC-PF before and after combustion analysis, respectively. A glassy ceramic protective layer is formed when GC-PF is exposed to flame or a high temperature environment. The presence of LMG not only reduces the level of defects in the phenolic foam cell wall (gas escape pore), but also promotes the generation of a glassy ceramic protective layer that could inhibit heat feedback from the combustion zone and reduce the rate of formation of volatile fuel fragments. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were used to establish that GC-PF exhibits excellent thermal stability. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) determination suggests that GC-PF displays good flame retardancy. The LOI of GC-PF was as high as 45.6%, and the char residue at 900 °C was six times greater than that for ordinary phenolic foam (O-PF). The area of the raw material matrix of GC-PF after combustion for 60 s was about 1.7 times larger than that for O-PF. A possible mode of formation of glassy ceramics has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer and Catalyst Synthesis Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China; (K.T.); (Y.L.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (Y.Y.); (G.X.); (X.T.)
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (Y.Y.); (G.X.); (X.T.)
- Polymer Material Synthesis and Processing Professional Technology Innovation Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Guiqiu Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (Y.Y.); (G.X.); (X.T.)
- Polymer Material Synthesis and Processing Professional Technology Innovation Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (Y.Y.); (G.X.); (X.T.)
- Polymer Material Synthesis and Processing Professional Technology Innovation Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Ailing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer and Catalyst Synthesis Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China; (K.T.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (T.G.); Tel.: +86-15940124718 (A.Z.); +86-13940555281 (T.G.)
| | - Tiejun Ge
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (Y.Y.); (G.X.); (X.T.)
- Polymer Material Synthesis and Processing Professional Technology Innovation Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (T.G.); Tel.: +86-15940124718 (A.Z.); +86-13940555281 (T.G.)
| | - Yongjiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer and Catalyst Synthesis Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China; (K.T.); (Y.L.)
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