1
|
Faga MG, Duraccio D, Di Maro M, Pedraza R, Bartoli M, d’Ayala GG, Torsello D, Ghigo G, Giulio M. Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Containing Waste Hemp-Derived Biochar Fibers: Mechanical, Electrical, Thermal and Tribological Behavior. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194171. [PMID: 36236119 PMCID: PMC9571719 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To reduce the use of carbon components sourced from fossil fuels, hemp fibers were pyrolyzed and utilized as filler to prepare EVA-based composites for automotive applications. The mechanical, tribological, electrical (DC and AC) and thermal properties of EVA/fiber biochar (HFB) composites containing different amounts of fibers (ranging from 5 to 40 wt.%) have been thoroughly studied. The morphological analysis highlighted an uneven dispersion of the filler within the polymer matrix, with poor interfacial adhesion. The presence of biochar fibers did not affect the thermal behavior of EVA (no significant changes of Tm, Tc and Tg were observed), notwithstanding a slight increase in the crystallinity degree, especially for EVA/HFB 90/10 and 80/20. Conversely, biochar fibers enhanced the thermo-oxidative stability of the composites, which increased with increasing the biochar content. EVA/HFB composites showed higher stiffness and lower ductility than neat EVA. In addition, high concentrations of fiber biochar allowed achieving higher thermal conductivity and microwave electrical conductivity. In particular, EVA/HFB 60/40 showed a thermal conductivity higher than that of neat EVA (respectively, 0.40 vs. 0.33 W·m-1 ·K-1); the same composite exhibited an up to twenty-fold increased microwave conductivity. Finally, the combination of stiffness, enhanced thermal conductivity and intrinsic lubricating features of the filler resulted in excellent wear resistance and friction reduction in comparison with unfilled EVA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Faga
- Institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility, National Council of Research, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Donatella Duraccio
- Institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility, National Council of Research, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3977741
| | - Mattia Di Maro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pedraza
- Institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility, National Council of Research, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Mattia Bartoli
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gomez d’Ayala
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Council of Research, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Daniele Torsello
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ghigo
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Malucelli Giulio
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sharma BK, Desai U, Singh A, Singh A. Effect of vinyl acetate content on the photovoltaic‐encapsulation performance of ethylene vinyl acetate under accelerated ultra‐violet aging. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhuwanesh K. Sharma
- National Centre for Photovoltaic Research and EducationIIT Bombay Mumbai India
| | - Umang Desai
- National Centre for Photovoltaic Research and EducationIIT Bombay Mumbai India
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials ScienceIIT Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
| | | | - Aparna Singh
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials ScienceIIT Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tan Y, Wachtendorf V, Klack P, Kukofka T, Ruder J, Schartel B. Durability of the flame retardance of ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer cables: Comparing different flame retardants exposed to different weathering conditions. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tan
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin Germany
| | - Volker Wachtendorf
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin Germany
| | - Patrick Klack
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin Germany
| | - Tobias Kukofka
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin Germany
| | - Jörg Ruder
- LEONI Kabel GmbH Stieberstraße 5, 91154 Roth Germany
| | - Bernhard Schartel
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sharma BK, Krishnanand K, Mahanwar P, Sarma K, Ray Chowdhury S. Gamma radiation aging of EVA/EPDM blends: Effect of vinyl acetate (VA) content and radiation dose on the alteration in mechanical, thermal, and morphological behavior. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhuwanesh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Polymer and Surface Engineering; Institute of Chemical Technology; Mumbai India
| | | | - P.A. Mahanwar
- Department of Polymer and Surface Engineering; Institute of Chemical Technology; Mumbai India
| | - K.S.S. Sarma
- Isotope and Radiation Application Division (IRAD); Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai India
| | - Subhendu Ray Chowdhury
- Isotope and Radiation Application Division (IRAD); Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abrusci C, Pablos JL, Marín I, Espí E, Corrales T, Catalina F. Photodegradation and biodegradation by bacteria of mulching films based on ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer: Effect of pro-oxidant additives. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
7
|
Ali Raza M, Westwood A, Stirling C, Brydson R, Hondow N. Effect of nanosized carbon black on the morphology, transport, and mechanical properties of rubbery epoxy and silicone composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
9
|
Liu Z, Jin J, Chen S, Zhang J. Effect of crystal form and particle size of titanium dioxide on the photodegradation behaviour of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer/low density polyethylene composite. Polym Degrad Stab 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|