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Duan H, Chen B, Wang W, Luo H. Identification of GNG7 as a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer via bioinformatic analysis and in vitro experiments. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:1445-1474. [PMID: 36863706 PMCID: PMC10042700 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies with unfavorable prognoses. The present study aimed to identify novel biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets in GC via bioinformatic analysis and in vitro experiments. The Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases were used to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). After protein-protein interaction network construction, both module and prognostic analyses were performed to identify prognosis-related genes in GC. The expression patterns and functions of G protein γ subunit 7 (GNG7) in GC were then visualized in multiple databases and further verified using in vitro experiments. A total of 897 overlapping DEGs were detected and 20 hub genes were identified via systematic analysis. After accessing the prognostic value of the hub genes using the online server Kaplan-Meier plotter, a six-gene prognostic signature was identified, which was also significantly correlated with the process of immune infiltration in GC. The results of open-access database analyses suggested that GNG7 is downregulated in GC; this downregulation was associated with tumor progression. Furthermore, the functional enrichment analysis unveiled that the GNG7-coexpressed genes or gene sets were closely correlated with the proliferation and cell cycle processes of GC cells. Finally, in vitro experiments further confirmed that GNG7 overexpression inhibited GC cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell cycle progression and induced apoptosis. As a tumor suppressor gene, GNG7 suppressed the growth of GC cells via cell cycle blockade and apoptosis induction and thus may be used as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houyu Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Biao Chen
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, P.R. China
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2
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Shao L, Liang L, Fang Q, Wang J. Construction of novel lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA networks associated with prognosis of hepatitis C virus related hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10832. [PMID: 36217480 PMCID: PMC9547242 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection contribute to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, which significantly increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Previous studies have demonstrated the pivotal role of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Consequently, we herein seek to identify and evaluate the prognostic relevance of a novel ceRNA network associated with HCV-related HCC. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GSE140846 dataset from GEO were identified using Network Analyst, and GO, KEGG and Reactome analyses were performed. Furthermore, a protein-protein interaction network was generated, and hub genes were detected. Hub gene expression levels, as well as those of their upstream lncRNAs and miRNAs and associated survival analyses were conducted using appropriate bioinformatics databases. Predicted target relationships were used to establish putative ceRNA networks for HCV-related HCC. Results A total of 372 and 360 up- and down-regulated DE-mRNA were identified, which were associated with nuclear division, cell cycle, and ATPase activity. A PPI network containing 704 DE-mRNAs was constructed, and the 6 hub gene with the highest degree of connectivity were selected for subsequent analysis. We discovered that 22 miRNAs and 4 lncRNAs upstream of 11 hub gene were significantly associated with poor prognosis of HCV-related HCC, and used them to constructe a prognostic ceRNA network. Further experiments confirmed the ceRNA-regulatory relationship of BUB1-hsa-miR-193a-3p-MALAT1. Conclusion This study provides novel insights into the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network, and reveals potential lncRNA biomarkers in HCV related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishi Shao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, PR China
| | - Lei Liang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 519 Kunzhou Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Qixiang Fang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Xi Lu, Xi 'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Jiaping Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, PR China
- Corresponding author.
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Ishaq M, Bandara N, Morgan S, Nowell C, Mehdi AM, Lyu R, McCarthy D, Anderson D, Creek DJ, Achen MG, Shayan R, Karnezis T. Key signaling networks are dysregulated in patients with the adipose tissue disorder, lipedema. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 46:502-514. [PMID: 34764426 PMCID: PMC8873020 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-01002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Lipedema, a poorly understood chronic disease of adipose hyper-deposition, is often mistaken for obesity and causes significant impairment to mobility and quality-of-life. To identify molecular mechanisms underpinning lipedema, we employed comprehensive omics-based comparative analyses of whole tissue, adipocyte precursors (adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs)), and adipocytes from patients with or without lipedema. Methods We compared whole-tissues, ADSCs, and adipocytes from body mass index–matched lipedema (n = 14) and unaffected (n = 10) patients using comprehensive global lipidomic and metabolomic analyses, transcriptional profiling, and functional assays. Results Transcriptional profiling revealed >4400 significant differences in lipedema tissue, with altered levels of mRNAs involved in critical signaling and cell function-regulating pathways (e.g., lipid metabolism and cell-cycle/proliferation). Functional assays showed accelerated ADSC proliferation and differentiation in lipedema. Profiling lipedema adipocytes revealed >900 changes in lipid composition and >600 differentially altered metabolites. Transcriptional profiling of lipedema ADSCs and non-lipedema ADSCs revealed significant differential expression of >3400 genes including some involved in extracellular matrix and cell-cycle/proliferation signaling pathways. One upregulated gene in lipedema ADSCs, Bub1, encodes a cell-cycle regulator, central to the kinetochore complex, which regulates several histone proteins involved in cell proliferation. Downstream signaling analysis of lipedema ADSCs demonstrated enhanced activation of histone H2A, a key cell proliferation driver and Bub1 target. Critically, hyperproliferation exhibited by lipedema ADSCs was inhibited by the small molecule Bub1 inhibitor 2OH-BNPP1 and by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Bub1 gene depletion. Conclusion We found significant differences in gene expression, and lipid and metabolite profiles, in tissue, ADSCs, and adipocytes from lipedema patients compared to non-affected controls. Functional assays demonstrated that dysregulated Bub1 signaling drives increased proliferation of lipedema ADSCs, suggesting a potential mechanism for enhanced adipogenesis in lipedema. Importantly, our characterization of signaling networks driving lipedema identifies potential molecular targets, including Bub1, for novel lipedema therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musarat Ishaq
- Lymphatic, Adipose and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
| | - Nadeeka Bandara
- Lymphatic, Adipose and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Steven Morgan
- Lymphatic, Adipose and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Cameron Nowell
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ahmad M Mehdi
- Diamantia Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Ruqian Lyu
- Bioinformatics and Cellular Genomics, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Davis McCarthy
- Bioinformatics and Cellular Genomics, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Dovile Anderson
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Darren J Creek
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Marc G Achen
- Lymphatic, Adipose and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Ramin Shayan
- Lymphatic, Adipose and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Tara Karnezis
- Lymphatic, Adipose and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
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Tang X, Guo M, Ding P, Deng Z, Ke M, Yuan Y, Zhou Y, Lin Z, Li M, Gu C, Gu X, Yang Y. BUB1B and circBUB1B_544aa aggravate multiple myeloma malignancy through evoking chromosomal instability. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:361. [PMID: 34620840 PMCID: PMC8497505 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy in the bone marrow characterized by chromosome instability (CIN), which contributes to the acquisition of heterogeneity, along with MM progression, drug resistance, and relapse. In this study, we elucidated that the expression of BUB1B increased strikingly in MM patients and was closely correlated with poor outcomes. Overexpression of BUB1B facilitated cellular proliferation and induced drug resistance in vitro and in vivo, while genetic targeting BUB1B abrogated this effect. Mechanistic studies unveiled that enforced expression of BUB1B evoked CIN resulting in MM poor outcomes mainly through phosphorylating CEP170. Interestingly, we discovered the existence of circBUB1B_544aa containing the kinase catalytic center of BUB1B, which was translated by a circular RNA of BUB1B. The circBUB1B_544aa elevated in MM peripheral blood samples was closely associated with MM poor outcomes and played a synergistic effect with BUB1B on evoking CIN. In addition, MM cells could secrete circBUB1B_544aa and interfere the MM microenvironmental cells in the same manner as BUB1B full-length protein. Intriguingly, BUB1B siRNA, targeting the kinase catalytic center of both BUB1B and circBUB1B_544aa, significantly inhibited MM malignancy in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, BUB1B and circBUB1B_544aa are promising prognostic and therapeutic targets of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhu Tang
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengjie Guo
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Pinggang Ding
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhendong Deng
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengying Ke
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxia Yuan
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zigen Lin
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Muxi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Expression and prognosis analyses of BUB1, BUB1B and BUB3 in human sarcoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:12395-12409. [PMID: 33872216 PMCID: PMC8148488 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Budding Uninhibited By Benzimidazoles are a group of genes encoding proteins that play central roles in spindle checkpoint during mitosis. Improper mitosis may lead to aneuploidy which is found in many types of tumors. As a key mediator in mitosis, the dysregulated expression of BUBs has been proven to be highly associated with various malignancies, such as leukemia, gastric cancer, breast cancer, and liver cancer. However, bioinformatic analysis has not been applied to explore the role of the BUBs in sarcomas. Herein, we investigate the transcriptional and survival data of BUBs in patients with sarcomas using Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, LinkedOmics, and the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. We found that the expression levels of BUB1, BUB1B and BUB3 were higher in sarcoma samples and cell lines than in normal controls. Survival analysis revealed that the higher expression levels of BUB1, BUB1B and BUB3 were associated with lower overall and disease-free survival in patients with sarcomas. This study implies that BUB1, BUB1B and BUB3 are potential treatment targets for patients with sarcomas and are new biomarkers for the prognosis of sarcomas.
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Fujibayashi Y, Isa R, Nishiyama D, Sakamoto-Inada N, Kawasumi N, Yamaguchi J, Kuwahara-Ota S, Matsumura-Kimoto Y, Tsukamoto T, Chinen Y, Shimura Y, Kobayashi T, Horiike S, Taniwaki M, Handa H, Kuroda J. Aberrant BUB1 Overexpression Promotes Mitotic Segregation Errors and Chromosomal Instability in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082206. [PMID: 32781708 PMCID: PMC7464435 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome instability (CIN), the hallmarks of cancer, reflects ongoing chromosomal changes caused by chromosome segregation errors and results in whole chromosomal or segmental aneuploidy. In multiple myeloma (MM), CIN contributes to the acquisition of tumor heterogeneity, and thereby, to disease progression, drug resistance, and eventual treatment failure; however, the underlying mechanism of CIN in MM remains unclear. Faithful chromosomal segregation is tightly regulated by a series of mitotic checkpoint proteins, such as budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 (BUB1). In this study, we found that BUB1 was overexpressed in patient-derived myeloma cells, and BUB1 expression was significantly higher in patients in an advanced stage compared to those in an early stage. This suggested the involvement of aberrant BUB1 overexpression in disease progression. In human myeloma-derived cell lines (HMCLs), BUB1 knockdown reduced the frequency of chromosome segregation errors in mitotic cells. In line with this, partial knockdown of BUB1 showed reduced variations in chromosome number compared to parent cells in HMCLs. Finally, BUB1 overexpression was found to promote the clonogenic potency of HMCLs. Collectively, these results suggested that enhanced BUB1 expression caused an increase in mitotic segregation errors and the resultant emergence of subclones with altered chromosome numbers and, thus, was involved in CIN in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Fujibayashi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Reiko Isa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Daichi Nishiyama
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Natsumi Sakamoto-Inada
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Norichika Kawasumi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Junko Yamaguchi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Saeko Kuwahara-Ota
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Yayoi Matsumura-Kimoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Taku Tsukamoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Yoshiaki Chinen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
- Department of Hematology, Fukuchiyama City Hospital, Kyoto 620-8505, Japan
| | - Yuji Shimura
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Tsutomu Kobayashi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Shigeo Horiike
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Masafumi Taniwaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
- Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan;
| | - Junya Kuroda
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-251-5740
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Bai T, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Cai B, Dong N, Li B. Effect of KNL1 on the proliferation and apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 18:1533033819858668. [PMID: 31315522 PMCID: PMC6637841 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819858668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify the expression of kinetochore scaffold 1 (KNL1) in colorectal tumor tissues and to clarify the role of this gene in the proliferation capability of colorectal cancer cells. Methods: A total of 108 paired colorectal tumor and normal tissue samples were collected from patients with colorectal cancer and subjected to quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry analyses. Expression levels of KNL1 mRNA and protein were compared between tumor and normal tissues, and KNL1 levels were evaluated in relation to the patients’ tumor differentiation, sex, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, infiltration depth, age, and tumor location. Survival curves were also constructed and compared between patients with tumor samples with and without KLN1 protein expression. KNL1 was under-expressed in colorectal cancer cells in vitro using lentiviral transfection with short hairpin RNA, and its function was evaluated by proliferation, colony-formation, and apoptosis assays. Expression levels of BUB1 protein were also compared between tumor and normal tissues, and the correlation between KNL1 expression and BUB1 expression in colorectal cancer tissues was examined. Results: KNL1 mRNA and protein were both highly expressed in colorectal tumor tissues compared with paired normal tissues. KNL1 downregulation significantly inhibited colorectal cancer cell proliferation and colony formation, and promoted apoptosis. KNL1 protein expression was significantly associated with tumor differentiation, but not with sex, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, infiltration depth, age, or tumor location. KNL1 protein expression was also significantly associated with poorer survival. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between KNL1 and BUB1 in colorectal cancer tissues. Conclusions: KNL1 plays an effective role in decreasing apoptosis and promoting the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells, suggesting that its inhibition may represent a promising therapeutic approach in patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianliang Bai
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital (Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China.,2 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yalei Zhao
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital (Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yabin Liu
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital (Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Bindan Cai
- 3 Department of Neurology, Zhuozhou City Hospital, Zhuozhou, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Ning Dong
- 4 Department of Radiology, Zhuozhou City Hospital, Zhuozhou, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Binghui Li
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital (Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
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Simonetti G, Bruno S, Padella A, Tenti E, Martinelli G. Aneuploidy: Cancer strength or vulnerability? Int J Cancer 2018; 144:8-25. [PMID: 29981145 PMCID: PMC6587540 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy is a very rare and tissue‐specific event in normal conditions, occurring in a low number of brain and liver cells. Its frequency increases in age‐related disorders and is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Aneuploidy has been associated with defects in the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). However, the relationship between chromosome number alterations, SAC genes and tumor susceptibility remains unclear. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of SAC gene alterations at genomic and transcriptional level across human cancers and discuss the oncogenic and tumor suppressor functions of aneuploidy. SAC genes are rarely mutated but frequently overexpressed, with a negative prognostic impact on different tumor types. Both increased and decreased SAC gene expression show oncogenic potential in mice. SAC gene upregulation may drive aneuploidization and tumorigenesis through mitotic delay, coupled with additional oncogenic functions outside mitosis. The genomic background and environmental conditions influence the fate of aneuploid cells. Aneuploidy reduces cellular fitness. It induces growth and contact inhibition, mitotic and proteotoxic stress, cell senescence and production of reactive oxygen species. However, aneuploidy confers an evolutionary flexibility by favoring genome and chromosome instability (CIN), cellular adaptation, stem cell‐like properties and immune escape. These properties represent the driving force of aneuploid cancers, especially under conditions of stress and pharmacological pressure, and are currently under investigation as potential therapeutic targets. Indeed, promising results have been obtained from synthetic lethal combinations exploiting CIN, mitotic defects, and aneuploidy‐tolerating mechanisms as cancer vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Simonetti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Samantha Bruno
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Padella
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Tenti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
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9
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Stahl D, Braun M, Gentles AJ, Lingohr P, Walter A, Kristiansen G, Gütgemann I. Low BUB1 expression is an adverse prognostic marker in gastric adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:76329-76339. [PMID: 29100315 PMCID: PMC5652709 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinomas are associated with a poor prognosis due to the fact that the tumor has often metastasized by the time of diagnosis and prognostic markers are urgently needed to tailor treatment. We examined the expression of the mitotic spindle checkpoint protein BUB1 (budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1) and Ki-67 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in 218 patients with primary gastric adenocarcinomas. Tumors with low frequency of BUB1 expression were associated with larger tumor size (pT) (p < 0.001), higher incidence of lymph node metastases (pN) (p = 0.027), distant metastases (pM) (p = 0.006) and higher UICC stage (p < 0.001). Furthermore, BUB1 expression was inversely correlated with residual tumor stage (p = 0.038). Abundant BUB1 protein expression correlated with frequent Ki-67 protein expression (p < 0.001) and low BUB1 expression was associated with shorter survival (p < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed BUB1 to be an independent prognostic marker in gastric cancer (p = 0.021).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stahl
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Braun
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrew J Gentles
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Philipp Lingohr
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Adeline Walter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Ines Gütgemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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10
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Hudler P, Britovsek NK, Grazio SF, Komel R. Association between polymorphisms in segregation genes BUB1B and TTK and gastric cancer risk. Radiol Oncol 2016; 50:297-307. [PMID: 27679546 PMCID: PMC5024654 DOI: 10.1515/raon-2015-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant transformation of normal gastric cells is a complex and multistep process, resulting in development of heterogeneous tumours. Susceptible genetic background, accumulation of genetic changes, and environmental factors play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in mitotic segregation genes could be responsible for inducing the slow process of accumulation of genetic changes, leading to genome instability. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a case-control study of polymorphisms in mitotic kinases TTK rs151658 and BUB1B rs1031963 and rs1801376 to assess their effects on gastric cancer risk. We examined the TTK abundance in gastric cancer tissues using immunoblot analysis. RESULTS C/G genotype of rs151658 was more frequent in patients with diffuse type of gastric cancer and G/G genotype was more common in intestinal types of gastric cancers (p = 0.049). Polymorphic genotype A/A of rs1801376 was associated with higher risk for developing diffuse type of gastric cancer in female population (p = 0.007), whereas A/A frequencies were increased in male patients with subserosa tumour cell infiltration (p = 0.009). T/T genotype of rs1031963 was associated with well differentiated tumours (p = 0.035). TT+CT genotypes of rs1031963 and GG+AG genotypes of rs1801376 were significantly associated with gastric cancer risk (dominant model; OR = 2,929, 95% CI: 1.281-6.700; p = 0.017 and dominant model; OR = 0,364, 95% CI: 0.192-0.691; p = 0.003 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that polymorphisms in mitotic kinases TTK and BUB1B may contribute to gastric tumorigenesis and risk of tumour development. Further investigations on large populations and populations of different ethnicity are needed to determine their clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Hudler
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Kocevar Britovsek
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Snjezana Frkovic Grazio
- University Clinical Hospital Ljubljana, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecological Pathology and Cytology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radovan Komel
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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11
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Hudler P. Challenges of deciphering gastric cancer heterogeneity. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:10510-10527. [PMID: 26457012 PMCID: PMC4588074 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i37.10510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is in decline in most developed countries; however, it still accounts for a notable fraction of global mortality and morbidity related to cancer. High-throughput methods are rapidly changing our view and understanding of the molecular basis of gastric carcinogenesis. Today, it is widely accepted that the molecular complexity and heterogeneity, both inter- and intra-tumour, of gastric adenocarcinomas present significant obstacles in elucidating specific biomarkers for early detection of the disease. Although genome-wide sequencing and gene expression studies have revealed the intricate nature of the molecular changes that occur in tumour landscapes, the collected data and results are complex and sometimes contradictory. Several aberrant molecules have already been tested in clinical trials, although their diagnostic and prognostic utilities have not been confirmed thus far. The gold standard for the detection of sporadic gastric cancer is still the gastric endoscopy, which is considered invasive. In addition, genome-wide association studies have confirmed that genetic variations are important contributors to increased cancer risk and could participate in the initiation of malignant transformation. This hypothesis could in part explain the late onset of sporadic gastric cancers. The elaborate interplay of polymorphic low penetrance genes and lifestyle and environmental risk factors requires additional research to decipher their relative impacts on tumorigenesis. The purpose of this article is to present details of the molecular heterogeneity of sporadic gastric cancers at the DNA, RNA, and proteome levels and to discuss issues relevant to the translation of basic research data to clinically valuable tools. The focus of this work is the identification of relevant molecular changes that could be detected non-invasively.
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12
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Combined analysis identifies six genes correlated with augmented malignancy from non-small cell to small cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:2193-207. [PMID: 26349752 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3938-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
With increased malignancy, lung cancer can be classified into adenocarcinoma (ADC), squamous cell carcinoma (SQC), large cell carcinoma (LCC), and the small cell subtype (SCLC); yet, elucidations to this augmented malignancy has not been addressed. In this study, we elucidated the molecular diversity among these subtypes by investigating large-scale sequencing datasets. Among genes upregulated from normal, ADC, SQC, LCC to SCLC, six hub genes were found closely correlated with adverse clinical outcome and were testified on cellular or tissue level with quantitative RT-PCR. Cox regression model was then built to generate a risk signature. The possible linkages among these genes were also explored. Transcript levels of BUB1, E2F1, ESPL1, GTSE1, RAB3B, and U2AF2 were found significantly elevated from normal, ADC, SQC, LCC to SCLC. Overexpression of one or multiple of these genes was correlated with adverse overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in the whole patient cohort or groups stratified according to clinical variables, while most of all six genes were independent prognostic factors. When used as a six-gene risk signature, patients with high signature score displayed more unfavorable clinical variables and poorer outcome. Tight regulative relationships were found within these genes, while BUB1 and E2F1 were likely to be the drivers. We considered the augmented malignancy from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to SCLC might be due to the elevation of these six genes. We believe these genes were powerful cancer prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets in lung cancer; moreover, changes of their level might be correlated with lung cancer phenotype plasticity.
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Qu Y, Li J, Cai Q, Liu B. Hec1/Ndc80 is overexpressed in human gastric cancer and regulates cell growth. J Gastroenterol 2014; 49:408-18. [PMID: 23591767 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-013-0809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal instability caused by abnormal cell division is a major cause of heterogeneity which evokes highly complex and malignant features of gastric cancer. Hec1/Ndc80 is critical in regulating proper cell division at the G2/M phase. The aim of our study is to investigate the in vitro and in vivo effects of Hec1 on gastric cancer cell growth. METHODS The mRNA levels of Hec1 in human normal and cancer tissues were analyzed using the Oncomine database. Hec1 mRNA and protein levels in human gastric cancer tissues were analyzed by quantitative realtime-PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. The effects of Hec1 on cell growth were explored by Hec1 knockdown and Hec1 overexpression. Apoptosis and cell cycle distributions were analyzed by flow cytometry. In vivo tumorigenicity was performed by engrafting tumor cells into nude mice. RESULTS Hec1 mRNA and protein were broadly overexpressed in many human cancers including gastric cancer. Hec1 knockdown dramatically suppressed gastric cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo, induced apoptosis, and arrested cell division at the G2/M phase. On the contrary, Hec1 overexpression moderately promoted gastric cancer cell growth in vivo. Hec1 overexpression induced asymmetrical chromosome alignments, abnormal cell division, and thus rendered chromosomal instability. CONCLUSIONS Hec1 is critical in maintaining the in vitro and in vivo growth of gastric cancer cells. Elevated Hec1 levels may occur at the early stage of gastric tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200025, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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14
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BUB1 Immunolocalization in Breast Carcinoma: Its Nuclear Localization as a Potent Prognostic Factor of the Patients. Discov Oncol 2013; 4:92-102. [DOI: 10.1007/s12672-012-0130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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15
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Hudler P. Genetic aspects of gastric cancer instability. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:761909. [PMID: 22606061 PMCID: PMC3353315 DOI: 10.1100/2012/761909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unravelling the molecular mechanisms underlying gastric carcinogenesis is one of the major challenges in cancer genomics. Gastric cancer is a very complex and heterogeneous disease, and although much has been learned about the different genetic changes that eventually lead to its development, the detailed mechanisms still remain unclear. Malignant transformation of gastric cells is the consequence of a multistep process involving different genetic and epigenetic changes in numerous genes in combination with host genetic background and environmental factors. The majority of gastric adenocarcinomas are characterized by genetic instability, either microsatellite instability (MSI) or chromosomal instability (CIN). It is believed that chromosome destabilizations occur early in tumour progression. This review summarizes the most common genetic alterations leading to instability in sporadic gastric cancers and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Hudler
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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16
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Oki E, Hisamatsu Y, Ando K, Saeki H, Kakeji Y, Maehara Y. Clinical aspect and molecular mechanism of DNA aneuploidy in gastric cancers. J Gastroenterol 2012; 47:351-8. [PMID: 22402775 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-012-0565-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The biological characteristics of cancers depend mostly on genetic alterations in the cancer cells of individuals. Gastric cancers show a high frequency of DNA aneuploidy, a phenotype of chromosomal instability. Compared to diploid tumors, gastric carcinomas with aneuploidy have been shown to have high proliferative activity and high metastatic or invasive potential; these characteristics lead to a poor prognosis. It has been suggested that an abnormal spindle assembly checkpoint is involved in DNA aneuploidy, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. This review, in order to determine whether gastric carcinomas that display aneuploidy are associated with a poorer prognosis than diploid tumors, and to discuss the biological mechanisms that induce aneuploidy, summarizes the results of studies on DNA ploidy in gastric cancer published in the English literature. Analysis of DNA ploidy in gastric cancer may provide clinically useful information from diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic standpoints. Further investigations may be needed to clarify the relationship between chromosome instability and DNA ploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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17
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Ricke RM, van Deursen JM. Aurora B hyperactivation by Bub1 overexpression promotes chromosome missegregation. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:3645-51. [PMID: 22033440 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.21.18156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High expression of the mitotic kinase Bub1 is associated with a variety of human cancers and correlates with poor clinical prognosis, but whether Bub1 alone can drive tumorigenesis was unknown. We provided conclusive evidence that Bub1 has oncogenic properties by generating transgenic mice that overexpress Bub1 in a wide variety of tissues, resulting in aneuploidization. Consistently, Bub1 transgenic mice developed various kinds of spontaneous tumors as well as accelerated Myc-induced lymphomagenesis. While the mitotic checkpoint was robust in Bub1 overexpressing cells, misaligned and lagging chromosomes were observed. These defects originated from increased Aurora B activity and could be suppressed by inhibition of Aurora B. Taken together, this indicates that Bub1 has oncogenic properties and imply that aneuploidization and tumorigenesis result from Aurora B-dependent missegregation. Here, we focus on the complex relationship between Bub1 and Aurora B and discuss the broader implications of Bub1-dependent Aurora B activation in mediating error correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Ricke
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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18
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Ricke RM, Jeganathan KB, van Deursen JM. Bub1 overexpression induces aneuploidy and tumor formation through Aurora B kinase hyperactivation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 193:1049-64. [PMID: 21646403 PMCID: PMC3115799 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201012035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High expression of the protein kinase Bub1 has been observed in a variety of human tumors and often correlates with poor clinical prognosis, but its molecular and cellular consequences and role in tumorigenesis are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of Bub1 in mice leads to near-diploid aneuploidies and tumor formation. We found that chromosome misalignment and lagging are the primary mitotic errors responsible for the observed aneuploidization. High Bub1 levels resulted in aberrant Bub1 kinase activity and hyperactivation of Aurora B kinase. When Aurora B activity is suppressed, pharmacologically or via BubR1 overexpression, chromosome segregation errors caused by Bub1 overexpression are largely corrected. Importantly, Bub1 transgenic mice overexpressing Bub1 developed various kinds of spontaneous tumors and showed accelerated Myc-induced lymphomagenesis. Our results establish that Bub1 has oncogenic properties and suggest that Aurora B is a critical target through which overexpressed Bub1 drives aneuploidization and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Ricke
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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19
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Barbosa J, Nascimento AV, Faria J, Silva P, Bousbaa H. The spindle assembly checkpoint: perspectives in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11515-011-1122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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20
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Niikura Y, Ogi H, Kikuchi K, Kitagawa K. BUB3 that dissociates from BUB1 activates caspase-independent mitotic death (CIMD). Cell Death Differ 2010; 17:1011-24. [PMID: 20057499 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell death mechanism that prevents aneuploidy caused by a failure of the spindle checkpoint has recently emerged as an important regulatory paradigm. We previously identified a new type of mitotic cell death, termed caspase-independent mitotic death (CIMD), which is induced during early mitosis by partial BUB1 (a spindle checkpoint protein) depletion and defects in kinetochore-microtubule attachment. In this study, we have shown that survived cells that escape CIMD have abnormal nuclei, and we have determined the molecular mechanism by which BUB1 depletion activates CIMD. The BUB3 protein (a BUB1 interactor and a spindle checkpoint protein) interacts with p73 (a homolog of p53), specifically in cells wherein CIMD occurs. The BUB3 protein that is freed from BUB1 associates with p73 on which Y99 is phosphorylated by c-Abl tyrosine kinase, resulting in the activation of CIMD. These results strongly support the hypothesis that CIMD is the cell death mechanism protecting cells from aneuploidy by inducing the death of cells prone to substantial chromosome missegregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Niikura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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21
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BCL6 degradation caused by the interaction with the C-terminus of pro-HB-EGF induces cyclin D2 expression in gastric cancers. Br J Cancer 2009; 100:1320-9. [PMID: 19337254 PMCID: PMC2676553 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BCL6 is a transcriptional repressor that has important functions in lymphocyte differentiation and lymphomagenesis, but there have been no reports of BCL6 expression in gastric cancers. In the present study, we investigated the BCL6 function in gastric cancers. Treatment with TPA resulted in BCL6 degradation and cyclin D2 upregulation. This phenomenon was inhibited by the suppression of the nuclear translocation of HB-EGF-CTF (C-terminal fragment of pro-HB-EGF). The HB-EGF-CTF nuclear translocation leads to the interaction of BCL6 with HB-EGF-CTF and the nuclear export of BCL6, and after that BCL6 degradation was mediated by ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. Real-time RT-PCR and siRNA targeting BCL6 revealed that BCL6 suppresses cyclin D2 expression. Our data indicate that BCL6 interacts with nuclear-translocated HB-EGF-CTF and that the nuclear export and degradation of BCL6 induces cyclin D2 upregulation. We performed immunohistochemical analyses of BCL6, HB-EGF and cyclin D2 in human gastric cancers. The inverse correlation between BCL6 and cyclin D2 was also found in HB-EGF-positive human gastric cancers. BCL6 degradation caused by the HB-EGF-CTF also might induce cyclin D2 expression in human gastric cancers. Inhibition of HB-EGF-CTF nuclear translocation and maintenance of BCL6 function are important for the regulation of gastric cancer progression.
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22
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Suijkerbuijk SJE, Kops GJPL. Preventing aneuploidy: the contribution of mitotic checkpoint proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2008; 1786:24-31. [PMID: 18472014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2008.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Revised: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy, an abnormal number of chromosomes, is a trait shared by most solid tumors. Chromosomal instability (CIN) manifested as aneuploidy might promote tumorigenesis and cause increased resistance to anti-cancer therapies. The mitotic checkpoint or spindle assembly checkpoint is a major signaling pathway involved in the prevention of CIN. We review current knowledge on the contribution of misregulation of mitotic checkpoint proteins to tumor formation and will address to what extent this contribution is due to chromosome segregation errors directly. We propose that both checkpoint and non-checkpoint functions of these proteins contribute to the wide array of oncogenic phenotypes seen upon their misregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia J E Suijkerbuijk
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, UMC Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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23
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Lock RL, Szeto TH, Entwistle A, Gjoerup OV, Jat PS. Preparation of monoclonal antibodies against the spindle checkpoint kinase Bub1. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2007; 26:140-7. [PMID: 17600495 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2007.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The Bub1 kinase is a critical component of the spindle checkpoint involved in monitoring the separation of sister chromatids at mitosis. The viral oncoprotein Simian virus 40 large T antigen (LT) can bind and perturb the spindle checkpoint function of Bub1. We have developed three highly specific monoclonal antibodies against the Bub1 protein and have demonstrated that they can all detect Bub1 via Western blotting and immunofluorescence, in addition to their ability to immunoprecipitate Bub1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena L Lock
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Free and University College School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Pinto M, Soares MJ, Cerveira N, Henrique R, Ribeiro FR, Oliveira J, Jerónimo C, Teixeira MR. Expression changes of the MAD mitotic checkpoint gene family in renal cell carcinomas characterized by numerical chromosome changes. Virchows Arch 2007; 450:379-85. [PMID: 17333263 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-007-0386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Revised: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 02/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Papillary and chromophobe renal cell carcinomas are characterized by multiple trisomies and monosomies, respectively, but the molecular mechanisms behind the acquisition of these numerical chromosome changes are unknown. To evaluate the role of mitotic checkpoint defects for the karyotypic patterns characteristic of these two renal cell cancer subtypes, we analyzed the messenger RNA expression levels of the major mitotic checkpoint genes of the budding uninhibited by benzimidazole family (BUB1, BUBR1, BUB3) and of the mitotic arrest deficiency family (MAD1, MAD2L1, MAD2L2) by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 30 renal cell cancer samples (11 chromophobe and 19 papillary) and 36 normal kidney tissue samples. MAD1, MAD2L1, and MAD2L2 showed significant expression differences in tumor tissue compared to controls. Chromophobe tumors presented underexpression of MAD1, and MAD2L2, whereas papillary tumors showed overexpression of MAD2L1. The expression level of the BUB gene family did not differ significantly from that of normal kidney. We conclude that expression changes in mitotic arrest deficiency genes (MAD1, MAD2L1, and MAD2L2) play a role in renal carcinogenesis characterized by multiple numerical chromosome abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Pinto
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072,, Porto, Portugal
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25
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Guo C, Wu G, Chin JL, Bauman G, Moussa M, Wang F, Greenberg NM, Taylor SS, Xuan JW. Bub1 up-regulation and hyperphosphorylation promote malignant transformation in SV40 tag-induced transgenic mouse models. Mol Cancer Res 2007; 4:957-69. [PMID: 17189386 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-06-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rodents do not naturally develop prostate cancer. Currently, most widely used genetically engineered mouse prostate cancer models use SV40 T/tag oncogene. To understand the mechanism underlying prostate cancer development in transgenic and knock-in SV40 Tag mouse models, we did cDNA microarray analyses, comparing gene expression profiles of prostate cancer tissues from early-, late-, and advance-stage androgen-independent prostate cancers. Of the 67 genes that were up-regulated by > or = 10-fold, 40 are known to be required for chromosome stability. In particular, the spindle checkpoint component Bub1 was persistently up-regulated from early to advanced androgen-independent prostate cancer lesions. Significantly, Bub1, which is required for accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis, has recently been reported to bind SV40 Tag. Consistent with a spindle checkpoint defect, flow cytometry experiments indicate that advanced androgen-independent prostate cancer tumors exhibit aneuploidy, along with up-regulation of levels of both Bub1 mRNA and Bub1 protein or hyperphosphorylation. Importantly, up-regulation and hyperphosphorylation of Bub1 were also observed in established human prostate cancer cell lines and in clinical studies. Furthermore, analysis of human prostate cancer lines showed impaired spindle checkpoint function and endoreduplication following exposure to spindle toxins. Small interfering RNA-mediated repression of Bub1 in the human prostate cancer line PC-3 restrained cell proliferation, an effect mimicked by inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase, an upstream activator of Bub1. Thus, by perturbing Bub1 function, our observations suggest a new mechanism whereby the SV40 Tag oncoprotein promotes chromosomal instability and aneuploidy in transgenic mouse prostate cancer models. Whereas the exact details of this mechanism remain unclear, our novel findings raise the possibility of exploiting Bub1 as a new therapeutic target in the treatment of prostate cancer, the most common cancer in adult men in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Grabsch H, Dattani M, Barker L, Maughan N, Maude K, Hansen O, Gabbert HE, Quirke P, Mueller W. Expression of DNA double-strand break repair proteins ATM and BRCA1 predicts survival in colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:1494-500. [PMID: 16533773 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-2105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The double-strand break (DSB) is the major DNA lesion leading to chromosomal aberrations and faithful repair is crucial for maintaining genomic instability. Very little is known about the expression of DNA DSB repair proteins in colorectal cancer. To address this issue, we examined the expression pattern of DSB repair key proteins ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, Ku70, and Ku80 and their putative role in patients survival in a large series of colorectal cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 342 sporadic colorectal cancer were subjected to immunohistochemistry by using specific antibodies for the various proteins investigated. Staining results were compared with clinicopathologic data, patient survival, as well as expression of mismatch repair proteins MLH1 and MSH2. RESULTS The expression pattern of both ATM and BRCA1 predicted survival in all colorectal cancer patients as well as in the small subgroup of patients that received adjuvant therapy. Low expression of ATM and BRCA1 was associated with loss of MLH1 or MSH2 expression. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show a relationship between the expression of DNA DSB repair proteins ATM and BRCA1 and survival in colorectal cancer patients. Studies in tumors from large randomized trials are now necessary to validate our pilot data and establish the clinical usefulness of the immunohistochemical assay in predicting response to a particular adjuvant therapy regimen. Furthermore, our results indicate a possible link between expression of DNA mismatch repair and DNA DSB repair proteins in sporadic colorectal cancer, which warrants further investigation.
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Bolanos-Garcia VM, Beaufils S, Renault A, Grossmann JG, Brewerton S, Lee M, Venkitaraman A, Blundell TL. The conserved N-terminal region of the mitotic checkpoint protein BUBR1: a putative TPR motif of high surface activity. Biophys J 2005; 89:2640-9. [PMID: 16040755 PMCID: PMC1366764 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.105.063511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BUBR1, a key component of the mitotic spindle checkpoint, is a multidomain protein kinase that is activated in response to kinetochore tension. Although BUB1 and BUBR1 play an important role in cell division, very little is known about their structural characteristics. We show that the conserved N-terminal region of BUBR1, comprising residues 1-204, is a globular domain of high alpha-helical content ( approximately 60%), stable in the pH range 4-9 and probably organized as a tetratricopeptide motif repeat (TPR), most closely resembling residues 16-181 of protein phosphatase 5. Because the latter presents a continuous amphipathic groove and is regulated by binding certain fatty acids, we compared the properties of BUBR1(1-204) and TPR-PP5(16-181) at air/water interfaces and found that both proteins exhibited a similar surface activity and formed stable, rigid monolayers. The deletion of a region that probably comprises several alpha-helices of BUBR1 indicates that long-range interactions are essential for the stability of the N-terminal domain. The presence of the putative TPR motif strongly suggests that the N-terminal domain of BUBR1 is involved in direct protein-protein interactions and/or protein-lipid interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Bolanos-Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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