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Naas S, Krüger R, Knaup KX, Naas J, Grampp S, Schiffer M, Wiesener M, Schödel J. Hypoxia controls expression of kidney-pathogenic MUC1 variants. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302078. [PMID: 37316299 PMCID: PMC10267510 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between genetic and environmental factors influences the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this context, genetic alterations in the kidney disease gene MUC1 (Mucin1) predispose to the development of CKD. These variations comprise the polymorphism rs4072037, which alters splicing of MUC1 mRNA, the length of a region with variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR), and rare autosomal-dominant inherited dominant-negative mutations in or 5' to the VNTR that causes autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD-MUC1). As hypoxia plays a pivotal role in states of acute and chronic kidney injury, we explored the effects of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF) on the expression of MUC1 and its pathogenic variants in isolated primary human renal tubular cells. We defined a HIF-binding DNA regulatory element in the promoter-proximal region of MUC1 from which hypoxia or treatment with HIF stabilizers, which were recently approved for an anti-anemic therapy in CKD patients, increased levels of wild-type MUC1 and the disease-associated variants. Thus, application of these compounds might exert unfavorable effects in patients carrying MUC1 risk variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Naas
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Uniklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - René Krüger
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Uniklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Xaver Knaup
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Uniklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Naas
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna (CIBIV), Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Steffen Grampp
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Uniklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Uniklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Wiesener
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Uniklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Schödel
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Uniklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Parietal epithelial cells role in repair versus scarring after glomerular injury. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2021; 29:293-301. [PMID: 32235272 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The recent years have been marked by the publication of several articles highlighting the pathophysiological role of glomerular parietal epithelial cells (PEC) and refining their phenotypic heterogeneity. RECENT FINDINGS The present review synthetizes recent findings on (i) the potential regenerative role of PEC in glomerular diseases, and (ii) the mechanisms and signaling of leading to PEC pathogenic involvement in crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). SUMMARY The debate is still open regarding the podocyte regenerative properties of PEC in glomerular disease, whereas the pathogenic involvement of PEC activation in glomerular disease is increasingly admitted. Recent highlights on the podocyte regenerative role of PEC, on one hand, and on their pathological function, on the other hand, for sure will feed the debate in the kidney community for the next years. Nevertheless, from a therapeutic perspective, the two options, boosting cellular regeneration and blocking PECs pathogenicity, should not be seen as antagonistic but, rather, complementary.
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Ortiz-Rey JA, Fachal C, Juaneda-Magdalena L, Muñoz-Martín M, Repáraz-Andrade A, Teijeira S, Lamas-Barreiro JM, Almuster-Domínguez S, San Miguel-Fraile P, Gómez-de María C. Clear cell clusters in the kidney: a rare finding that should not be misdiagnosed as renal cell carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2021; 479:57-67. [PMID: 33447899 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Clear cytoplasm is a major characteristic feature of most malignant renal neoplasms. Benign clear cells in the renal parenchyma, usually histiocytes, can occasionally be found, but they are infrequently of an epithelial nature. We report histological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and cytogenomic features of clear epithelial cell clusters incidentally found in four kidney specimens. Multiple microscopic clear cell clusters were present in the cortex, often in subcapsular location. They were composed of large epithelial cells with strikingly clear cytoplasm, without nuclear atypia, arranged in solid nests, and some tubules with narrow lumina. Immunohistochemically, they were positive for AE1AE3, PAX 8, EMA, kidney-specific cadherin, cytokeratin 7, E cadherin, and CD117, with focal immunoreactivity for CD10. Carbonic anhydrase IX, vimentin, and markers related to apoptosis and proliferation were negative. Ultrastructurally, the cytoplasms were enlarged and poor in organelles, showing ballooning degeneration. Array comparative genomic hybridization showed no chromosomal gains or losses. Clear cell clusters constitute a rare finding in the kidney and must be differentiated from benign lesions (ectopic adrenal tissue, osmotic tubulopathy, histiocytic clusters, renal adenomas) and renal cell carcinomas. Clear cell clusters appear to be generated from "endocrine-type" atrophic tubules whose cells are enlarged due to intracellular oedema. Immunohistochemistry shows a distal nephron phenotype with a limited expression of a proximal marker, CD10. Coexisting chronic renal disease or ischemic conditions seem to be related to the development of clear cell clusters. Pathological, ultrastructural, and cytogenomic features do not support a preneoplastic nature of this lesion, at least in the cases studied here.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Antonio Ortiz-Rey
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Clara Campoamor Av., 341, 36312, Vigo, Spain. .,Uropathology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Carmen Fachal
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Clara Campoamor Av., 341, 36312, Vigo, Spain
| | - Laura Juaneda-Magdalena
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Clara Campoamor Av., 341, 36312, Vigo, Spain
| | - Mónica Muñoz-Martín
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Clara Campoamor Av., 341, 36312, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Susana Teijeira
- Biobank of Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | - Pilar San Miguel-Fraile
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Clara Campoamor Av., 341, 36312, Vigo, Spain.,Uropathology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
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Howie AJ. Properties of intermediate parietal epithelial cells of Bowman’s capsule. Kidney Int 2019; 96:1240-1241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Knaup KX, Hackenbeck T, Popp B, Stoeckert J, Wenzel A, Büttner-Herold M, Pfister F, Schueler M, Seven D, May AM, Halbritter J, Gröne HJ, Reis A, Beck BB, Amann K, Ekici AB, Wiesener MS. Biallelic Expression of Mucin-1 in Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease: Implications for Nongenetic Disease Recognition. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:2298-2309. [PMID: 30049680 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018030245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Providing the correct diagnosis for patients with tubulointerstitial kidney disease and secondary degenerative disorders, such as hypertension, remains a challenge. The autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD) subtype caused by MUC1 mutations (ADTKD-MUC1) is particularly difficult to diagnose, because the mutational hotspot is a complex repeat domain, inaccessible with routine sequencing techniques. Here, we further evaluated SNaPshot minisequencing as a technique for diagnosing ADTKD-MUC1 and assessed immunodetection of the disease-associated mucin 1 frameshift protein (MUC1-fs) as a nongenetic technique. METHODS We re-evaluated detection of MUC1 mutations by targeted repeat enrichment and SNaPshot minisequencing by haplotype reconstruction via microsatellite analysis in three independent ADTKD-MUC1 families. Additionally, we generated rabbit polyclonal antibodies against MUC1-fs and evaluated immunodetection of wild-type and mutated allele products in human kidney biopsy specimens. RESULTS The detection of MUC1 mutations by SNaPshot minisequencing was robust. Immunostaining with our MUC1-fs antibodies and an MUC1 antibody showed that both proteins are readily detectable in human ADTKD-MUC1 kidneys, with mucin 1 localized to the apical membrane and MUC1-fs abundantly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Notably, immunohistochemical analysis of MUC1-fs expression in clinical kidney samples facilitated reliable prediction of the disease status of individual patients. CONCLUSIONS Diagnosing ADTKD-MUC1 by molecular genetics is possible, but it is technically demanding and labor intensive. However, immunohistochemistry on kidney biopsy specimens is feasible for nongenetic diagnosis of ADTKD-MUC1 and therefore, a valid method to select families for further diagnostics. Our data are compatible with the hypothesis that specific molecular effects of MUC1-fs underlie the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl X Knaup
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hackenbeck
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernt Popp
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johanna Stoeckert
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Wenzel
- Institute of Human Genetics and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frederick Pfister
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Schueler
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Didem Seven
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Annette M May
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Halbritter
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bodo B Beck
- Institute of Human Genetics and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael S Wiesener
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent studies in the kidney have revealed that the well characterized tumor antigen mucin 1 (MUC1/Muc1) also has numerous functions in the normal and injured kidney. RECENT FINDINGS Mucin 1 is a transmembrane mucin with a robust glycan-dependent apical targeting signal and efficient recycling from endosomes. It was recently reported that the TRPV5 calcium channel is stabilized on the cell surface by galectin-dependent cross-linking to mucin 1, providing a novel mechanism for regulation of ion channels and normal electrolyte balance.Our recent studies in mice show that Muc 1 is induced after ischemia, stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1)α and β-catenin levels, and transactivating the HIF-1 and β-catenin protective pathways. However, prolonged induction of either pathway in the injured kidney can proceed from apparent full recovery to chronic kidney disease. A very recent report indicates that aberrant activation of mucin 1 signaling after ischemic injury in mice and humans is associated with development of chronic kidney disease and fibrosis. A frameshift mutation in MUC1 was recently identified as the genetic lesion causing medullary cystic kidney disease type 1, now appropriately renamed MUC1 Kidney Disease. SUMMARY Studies of mucin 1 in the kidney now reveal significant functions for the extracellular mucin-like domain and signaling through the cytoplasmic tail.
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Pastor-Soler NM, Sutton TA, Mang HE, Kinlough CL, Gendler SJ, Madsen CS, Bastacky SI, Ho J, Al-Bataineh MM, Hallows KR, Singh S, Monga SP, Kobayashi H, Haase VH, Hughey RP. Muc1 is protective during kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 308:F1452-62. [PMID: 25925251 PMCID: PMC4469889 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00066.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) due to hypotension is a common cause of human acute kidney injury (AKI). Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) orchestrate a protective response in renal endothelial and epithelial cells in AKI models. As human mucin 1 (MUC1) is induced by hypoxia and enhances HIF-1 activity in cultured epithelial cells, we asked whether mouse mucin 1 (Muc1) regulates HIF-1 activity in kidney tissue during IRI. Whereas Muc1 was localized on the apical surface of the thick ascending limb, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct in the kidneys of sham-treated mice, Muc1 appeared in the cytoplasm and nucleus of all tubular epithelia during IRI. Muc1 was induced during IRI, and Muc1 transcripts and protein were also present in recovering proximal tubule cells. Kidney damage was worse and recovery was blocked during IRI in Muc1 knockout mice compared with congenic control mice. Muc1 knockout mice had reduced levels of HIF-1α, reduced or aberrant induction of HIF-1 target genes involved in the shift of glucose metabolism to glycolysis, and prolonged activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, indicating metabolic stress. Muc1 clearly plays a significant role in enhancing the HIF protective pathway during ischemic insult and recovery in kidney epithelia, providing a new target for developing therapies to treat AKI. Moreover, our data support a role specifically for HIF-1 in epithelial protection of the kidney during IRI as Muc1 is present only in tubule epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria M Pastor-Soler
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy A Sutton
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Henry E Mang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Carol L Kinlough
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sandra J Gendler
- Department of Immunology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Cathy S Madsen
- Department of Immunology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Sheldon I Bastacky
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacqueline Ho
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mohammad M Al-Bataineh
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kenneth R Hallows
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sucha Singh
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hanako Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Medicine and Research Services, Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Volker H Haase
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Medicine and Research Services, Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Rebecca P Hughey
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Haley SA, O'Hara BA, Nelson CDS, Brittingham FLP, Henriksen KJ, Stopa EG, Atwood WJ. Human polyomavirus receptor distribution in brain parenchyma contrasts with receptor distribution in kidney and choroid plexus. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:2246-58. [PMID: 26056932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The human polyomavirus, JCPyV, is the causative agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a rare demyelinating disease that occurs in the setting of prolonged immunosuppression. After initial asymptomatic infection, the virus establishes lifelong persistence in the kidney and possibly other extraneural sites. In rare instances, the virus traffics to the central nervous system, where oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and glial precursors are susceptible to lytic infection, resulting in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The mechanisms by which the virus traffics to the central nervous system from peripheral sites remain unknown. Lactoseries tetrasaccharide c (LSTc), a pentasaccharide containing a terminal α2,6-linked sialic acid, is the major attachment receptor for polyomavirus. In addition to LSTc, type 2 serotonin receptors are required for facilitating virus entry into susceptible cells. We studied the distribution of virus receptors in kidney and brain using lectins, antibodies, and labeled virus. The distribution of LSTc, serotonin receptors, and virus binding sites overlapped in kidney and in the choroid plexus. In brain parenchyma, serotonin receptors were expressed on oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, but these cells were negative for LSTc and did not bind virus. LSTc was instead found on microglia and vascular endothelium, to which virus bound abundantly. Receptor distribution was not changed in the brains of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Virus infection of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes during disease progression is LSTc independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila A Haley
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Bethany A O'Hara
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Christian D S Nelson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Frances L P Brittingham
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kammi J Henriksen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Edward G Stopa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Walter J Atwood
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
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Mattila PE, Kinlough CL, Bruns JR, Weisz OA, Hughey RP. MUC1 traverses apical recycling endosomes along the biosynthetic pathway in polarized MDCK cells. Biol Chem 2009; 390:551-6. [PMID: 19453277 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2009.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
MUC1 is a heavily glycosylated transmembrane protein localized at the apical surface of polarized epithelial cells. Here, we examined the biosynthetic route of newly synthesized MUC1 in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Apically and basolaterally destined cargo are sorted at the trans-Golgi network into distinct vesicles, and proteins with lipid raft-dependent apical targeting signals and glycan-dependent apical targeting signals appear to specifically transit apical early endosomes (AEEs) and apical recycling endosomes (AREs), respectively. Using metabolic labeling we found that MUC1 is efficiently targeted to the apical surface of polarized MDCK cells with a t(1/2) of 45 min. Apical delivery was not altered by inactivation of AEEs by treatment with hydrogen peroxide and diaminobenzidine treatment after apical loading of endosomes with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin. However, expression of a GFP-tagged myosin Vb tail fragment (GFP-MyoVbT) that disrupts export from the ARE significantly reduced MUC1 apical expression. Moreover, MUC1 expressed for brief periods in MDCK cells co-localized with GFP-MyoVbT. We conclude that MUC1 traffics to the apical surface via AREs in polarized renal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly E Mattila
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Chevalier RL, Forbes MS. Generation and Evolution of Atubular Glomeruli in the Progression of Renal Disorders. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 19:197-206. [DOI: 10.1681/asn.2007080862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Costa MZDO, Bacchi CE, Franco M. Histogenesis of the acquired cystic kidney disease: an immunohistochemical study. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2006; 14:348-52. [PMID: 16932028 DOI: 10.1097/00129039-200609000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize by immunohistochemistry the histogenesis of cysts in acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD). Thirty renal tissues fixed in 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin from 20 cases of ACKD were studied. Vimentin was used to stain the Bowman's capsule epithelium, Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin (LTA) and Leu M1 (CD15) for proximal tubules; Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) for distal tubules; epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), cytokeratin 19 (CK19), Arachis hypogea agglutinin (PNA), and Glycine maximum agglutinin (SBA) for distal tubules and collecting ducts; and Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA-I) and Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) for collecting ducts. A histologically normal kidney, free of cystic disease, was used as a control for all the markers. Most of the cysts showed strong reactivity to LTA and CD15, an immunophenotype more characteristic of proximal tubules.
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Najafian B, Kim Y, Crosson JT, Mauer M. Atubular glomeruli and glomerulotubular junction abnormalities in diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14:908-17. [PMID: 12660325 DOI: 10.1097/01.asn.0000057854.32413.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Atubular glomeruli (AG) have been described in several renal disorders. However, little attention has been paid to AG in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Preliminary studies suggested that tip lesions were frequently present in type 1 diabetic (D) patients with proteinuria. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of AG and their possible relationship with tip lesions in DN. Renal biopsies from eight proteinuric type 1 D patients with normal to moderately reduced GFR (76 +/- 26 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)) and eight normal subjects were studied by light (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). Glomerular volume, volume of the glomerular corpuscle, which is tuft, and the fractional volumes of proximal, distal, and atrophic tubules per cortex were estimated using appropriate stereologic methods. Glomerulotubular junctions were examined on serial sections and classified into glomeruli attached to: normal tubules (NT); short atrophic tubules (SAT); long atrophic tubules (LAT); atrophic tubules with no observable glomerular opening (ATNO); and atubular glomeruli (AG). EM studies showed typical diabetic changes in biopsies, including increased GBM width (P < 0.00001) and mesangial fractional volume (P < 0.0001) and decreased filtration surface density (P < 0.01) compared with normal subjects. Seventeen percent of glomeruli in the D patients were atubular, and 51% were attached to atrophic tubules. Tip lesions were present in all SAT, 64% of LAT, 82% of ATNO, and only 9% of NT and were never observed in normal subjects. The relative volume of AG was smaller than glomeruli in other categories (P < 0.05). Fractional volume of proximal (P < 0.01) and distal (P <0.01) tubules per cortex were decreased, while fractional volume of cortical interstitium (P <0.00001) and atrophic tubules (P <0.01) were increased in D patients. Fractional volume of atrophic tubules, %AG, and percent of glomeruli with tip lesion explained 94% of the GFR variability in diabetic patients (P <0.05). Thus, AG and glomerulotubular junction abnormalities may be important in the development and progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Najafian
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Ong AC, Harris PC, Davies DR, Pritchard L, Rossetti S, Biddolph S, Vaux DJ, Migone N, Ward CJ. Polycystin-1 expression in PKD1, early-onset PKD1, and TSC2/PKD1 cystic tissue. Kidney Int 1999; 56:1324-33. [PMID: 10504485 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mutational mechanism responsible for cyst formation in polycystic kidney disease 1 gene (PKD1) remains controversial, with data indicating a two-hit mechanism, but also evidence of polycystin-1 expression in cystic tissue. METHODS To investigate this apparent paradox, we analyzed polycystin-1 expression in cystic renal or liver tissue from 10 patients with truncating PKD1 mutations (including one early-onset case) and 2 patients with severe disease associated with contiguous deletions of TSC2 and PKD1, using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to both extreme N-(7e12) and C-terminal (PKS-A) regions of the protein. Truncation of the C-terminal epitope from the putative mutant proteins in each case allowed exclusive assessment of the nontruncated protein with PKS-A. RESULTS In adult PKD1 tissue, the majority of cysts (approximately 80%) showed polycystin-1 expression, although staining was absent in a variable but significant minority (approximately 20%), in spite of the normal expression of marker proteins. Unlike adult PKD1, however, negative cysts were rarely found in infantile PKD1 or TSC2/PKD1 deletion cases. CONCLUSIONS If a two-hit mutational mechanism is operational, these results suggest that the majority of somatic mutations in adult PKD1 are likely to be missense changes. The low level of polycystin-1-negative cysts in the three "early-onset" cases, however, suggests that a somatic PKD1 mutation may not always be required for cyst formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Ong
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
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15
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Panner BJ, Berkowitz P. Glomerular capsular herniation in focal glomerular sclerosis. Am J Kidney Dis 1992; 19:480-3. [PMID: 1585938 DOI: 10.1016/s0272-6386(12)80958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Renal biopsy from a patient with focal segmental sclerosing glomerulopathy (FSSG) and nephrotic syndrome showed localized rupture of Bowman's capsule with herniation of a glomerular loop into the adjacent periglomerular connective tissue. Another glomerulus contained similar changes. Glomerular capsular herniation may be frequent, but unrecognized, in FSSG and would explain many of the morphological features seen in both primary and secondary forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Panner
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, NY
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Wilson
- Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California
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17
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Abstract
There is often thought to be little or no correlation between renal excretory function and histological changes in the kidney, especially in acute renal failure and in the kidney examined post-mortem. We studied the relationship between renal function and structure in 28 patients at necropsy and in 41 patients who had a renal biopsy. A point-counting method was used on kidney stained by an immunoperoxidase method using an antiserum to proximal tubule brush border; an antiserum to Tamm-Horsfall protein, which is a marker of thick limbs of the loop of Henle; and a monoclonal antibody to epithelial membrane antigen, normally a marker of all parts of the tubule except proximal tubule. There was a correlation between the reciprocal of plasma creatinine concentration, which is a measure of renal function, and the ratio of brush border positive tubules to negative tubules. There was also a less strong correlation between renal function and ratios of Tamm-Horsfall positive tubules to negative tubules and of cast-containing tubules to others. There was no correlation between renal function and the ratio of tubules expressing epithelial membrane antigen to those not expressing it. The method of point-counting tubules stained by the brush border antiserum was a useful, practical way of correlating renal function and structure which could be used even on post-mortem kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Howie
- Department of Pathology, University of Birmingham, U.K
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18
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Abstract
We studied by microscopy 377 biopsies, nephrectomies, and necropsy kidneys from 123 human renal transplants. We discovered two common abnormalities of the renal corpuscle, both affecting the glomerulo-tubular junction. Adhesion of the tip of the glomerular tuft to the origin of the tubule, as reported in various non-transplant glomerulopathies, was seen in 197 specimens (52 per cent). This change was common in material showing acute or chronic vascular rejection and glomerulopathy, and was almost universal in transplants that had been in place for over 1 year. Another change at the glomerulo-tubular junction, not previously highlighted, consisted of an infiltrate of lymphocytes or neutrophil polymorphs into the epithelium at the tubular origin. This change was seen in 145 specimens (38 per cent) and was associated with cellular rejection and ascending infection. These changes are of importance because they show two responses of the kidney to injury that involve the glomerulo-tubular junction and thus suggest that this part of the kidney has some specific properties that have been largely neglected up to now.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Birmingham, Medical School, U.K
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Hoedemaeker PJ. Glomerular antigens in experimental glomerulonephritis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 1988; 30:159-229. [PMID: 3061961 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-364930-0.50008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P J Hoedemaeker
- Department of Pathology, University of Leiden, The Netherlands
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20
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Harrison DJ, MacDonald MK. The origin of cells in the glomerular crescent investigated by the use of monoclonal antibodies. Histopathology 1986; 10:945-52. [PMID: 2430880 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.1986.tb02592.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A study was made of the cells forming the crescents in human crescentic glomerulonephritis. The investigation was performed using a panel of antibodies with immunoperoxidase techniques in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded renal biopsy material. Some of the cells of glomerular crescents were found to contain cytokeratin intermediate filaments, as did some of the cells of the normal parietal epithelium of Bowman's capsule. Leucocytes were also found in crescents, often in the outer part, and their presence was associated with a mantle of inflammatory cells around the glomerulus. The use of paraffin embedded rather than frozen tissue allowed better histological assessment than has been possible in previous studies. The glomerular crescents appeared to be primarily epithelial in origin, with leucocytes contributing to the overall inflammatory response.
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