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Malta TM, Sabedot TS, Morosini NS, Datta I, Garofano L, Vallentgoed W, Varn FS, Aldape K, D'Angelo F, Bakas S, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Gan HK, Hasanain M, Hau AC, Johnson KC, Cazacu S, deCarvalho AC, Khasraw M, Kocakavuk E, Kouwenhoven MC, Migliozzi S, Niclou SP, Niers JM, Ormond DR, Paek SH, Reifenberger G, Sillevis Smitt PA, Smits M, Stead LF, van den Bent MJ, Van Meir EG, Walenkamp A, Weiss T, Weller M, Westerman BA, Ylstra B, Wesseling P, Lasorella A, French PJ, Poisson LM, Verhaak RG, Iavarone A, Noushmehr H. The Epigenetic Evolution of Glioma Is Determined by the IDH1 Mutation Status and Treatment Regimen. Cancer Res 2024; 84:741-756. [PMID: 38117484 PMCID: PMC10911804 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Tumor adaptation or selection is thought to underlie therapy resistance in glioma. To investigate longitudinal epigenetic evolution of gliomas in response to therapeutic pressure, we performed an epigenomic analysis of 132 matched initial and recurrent tumors from patients with IDH-wildtype (IDHwt) and IDH-mutant (IDHmut) glioma. IDHwt gliomas showed a stable epigenome over time with relatively low levels of global methylation. The epigenome of IDHmut gliomas showed initial high levels of genome-wide DNA methylation that was progressively reduced to levels similar to those of IDHwt tumors. Integration of epigenomics, gene expression, and functional genomics identified HOXD13 as a master regulator of IDHmut astrocytoma evolution. Furthermore, relapse of IDHmut tumors was accompanied by histologic progression that was associated with survival, as validated in an independent cohort. Finally, the initial cell composition of the tumor microenvironment varied between IDHwt and IDHmut tumors and changed differentially following treatment, suggesting increased neoangiogenesis and T-cell infiltration upon treatment of IDHmut gliomas. This study provides one of the largest cohorts of paired longitudinal glioma samples with epigenomic, transcriptomic, and genomic profiling and suggests that treatment of IDHmut glioma is associated with epigenomic evolution toward an IDHwt-like phenotype. SIGNIFICANCE Standard treatments are related to loss of DNA methylation in IDHmut glioma, resulting in epigenetic activation of genes associated with tumor progression and alterations in the microenvironment that resemble treatment-naïve IDHwt glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathiane M. Malta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais S. Sabedot
- Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Indrani Datta
- Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Luciano Garofano
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Wies Vallentgoed
- Neurology Department, The Brain Tumour Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederick S. Varn
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | | | - Fulvio D'Angelo
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Spyridon Bakas
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Hui K. Gan
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mohammad Hasanain
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Kevin C. Johnson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Simona Cazacu
- Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ana C. deCarvalho
- Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Emre Kocakavuk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center (WTZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) West, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mathilde C.M. Kouwenhoven
- Department of Neurology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simona Migliozzi
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Johanna M. Niers
- Department of Neurology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D. Ryan Ormond
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Hypoxia Ischemia Disease Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (South)
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter A. Sillevis Smitt
- Department of Neurology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- The Brain Tumour Centre, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marion Smits
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lucy F. Stead
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. van den Bent
- Department of Neurology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- The Brain Tumour Centre, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin G. Van Meir
- Department of Neurosurgery and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Tobias Weiss
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bart A. Westerman
- Department of Neurology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Laboratory for Childhood Cancer Pathology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Lasorella
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Pim J. French
- Neurology Department, The Brain Tumour Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laila M. Poisson
- Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Roel G.W. Verhaak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antonio Iavarone
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Houtan Noushmehr
- Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Su J, Zhang J, Liu S, Han L, Liu M, Sun D. Identification and validation of a novel HOX-related classifier signature for predicting prognosis and immune microenvironment in pediatric gliomas. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1203650. [PMID: 37547473 PMCID: PMC10401438 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1203650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pediatric gliomas (PGs) are highly aggressive and predominantly occur in young children. In pediatric gliomas, abnormal expression of Homeobox (HOX) family genes (HFGs) has been observed and is associated with the development and progression of the disease. Studies have found that overexpression or underexpression of certain HOX genes is linked to the occurrence and prognosis of gliomas. This aberrant expression may contribute to the dysregulation of important pathological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis. This study aimed to propose a novel HOX-related signature to predict patients' prognosis and immune infiltrate characteristics in PGs. Methods: The data of PGs obtained from publicly available databases were utilized to reveal the relationship among abnormal expression of HOX family genes (HFGs), prognosis, tumor immune infiltration, clinical features, and genomic features in PGs. The HFGs were utilized to identify heterogeneous subtypes using consensus clustering. Then random forest-supervised classification algorithm and nearest shrunken centroid algorithm were performed to develop a prognostic signature in the training set. Finally, the signature was validated in an internal testing set and an external independent cohort. Results: Firstly, we identified HFGs significantly differentially expressed in PGs compared to normal tissues. The individuals with PGs were then divided into two heterogeneous subtypes (HOX-SI and HOX-SII) based on HFGs expression profiles. HOX-SII showed higher total mutation counts, lower immune infiltration, and worse prognosis than HOX-SI. Then, we constructed a HOX-related gene signature (including HOXA6, HOXC4, HOXC5, HOXC6, and HOXA-AS3) based on the cluster for subtype prediction utilizing random forest supervised classification and nearest shrunken centroid algorithm. The signature was revealed to be an independent prognostic factor for patients with PGs by multivariable Cox regression analysis. Conclusion: Our study provides a novel method for the prognosis classification of PGs. The findings also suggest that the HOX-related signature is a new biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with PGs, allowing for more accurate survival prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Capital Medical University Electric Power Teaching Hospital, State Grid Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xueguang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Capital Medical University Electric Power Teaching Hospital, State Grid Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junyan Su
- Beijing ChosenMed Clinical Laboratory Co Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Beijing ChosenMed Clinical Laboratory Co Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Siyao Liu
- Beijing ChosenMed Clinical Laboratory Co Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Li Han
- Beijing ChosenMed Clinical Laboratory Co Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- Beijing ChosenMed Clinical Laboratory Co Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Sun
- Beijing ChosenMed Clinical Laboratory Co Ltd., Beijing, China
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Zheng ZQ, Yuan GQ, Zhang GG, Nie QQ, Wang Z. Development and validation of a predictive model in diagnosis and prognosis of primary glioblastoma patients based on Homeobox A family. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:108. [PMID: 37351805 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homeobox A (HOXA) family is involved in the development of malignancies as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes. However, their roles in glioblastoma (GBM) and clinical significance have not been fully elucidated. METHODS HOXA mutation and expressions in pan-cancers were investigated using GSCA and Oncomine, which in GBM were validated by cBioPortal, Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. Kaplan-Meier analyses were conducted to determine prognostic values of HOXAs at genetic and mRNA levels. Diagnostic roles of HOXAs in tumor classification were explored by GlioVis and R software. Independent prognostic HOXAs were identified using Cox survival analyses, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunohistochemical staining. A HOXAs-based nomogram survival prediction model was developed and evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis, time-dependent Area Under Curve, calibration plots, and Decision Curve Analysis in training and validation cohorts. RESULTS HOXAs were highly mutated and overexpressed in pan-cancers, especially in CGGA and TCGA GBM datasets. Genetic alteration and mRNA expression of HOXAs were both found to be prognostic. Specific HOXAs could distinguish IDH mutation (HOXA1-7, HOXA9, HOXA13) and molecular GBM subtypes (HOXA1-2, HOXA9-11, HOXA13). HOXA1/2/3/10 were confirmed to be independent prognostic members, with high expressions validated in clinical GBM tissues. The HOXAs-based nomogram model exhibited good prediction performance and net benefits for patients in training and validation cohorts. CONCLUSION HOXA family has diagnostic values, and the HOXAs-based nomogram model is effective in survival prediction, providing a novel approach to support the treatment of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Qing Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gui-Qiang Yuan
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute & Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Guo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian-Qian Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Chen F, Zhao RR, Li Q, Chen ZH, Luo C. Knockdown of lncRNA HOXD-AS2 Improves the Prognosis of Glioma Patients by Inhibiting the Proliferation and Migration of Glioma Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:9337647. [PMID: 36408341 PMCID: PMC9668444 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9337647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective Increasing studies reported that long noncoding RNAs are involved in regulating glioma progression. However, the specific roles and mechanisms of lncRNAs in glioma remain unclear. Here, we sought to explore the functions of HOXD-AS2 in glioma progression. Methods Gene expressions of lncRNAs in 5 normal brain tissue specimens and 5 glioblastoma tissue specimens were detected by gene expression profile chip technology. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to see whether differential expression of lncRNAs played any significant role in glioma occurrence and progression. The relationship between HOXD-AS2 level and clinical prognosis of the patients was analyzed. HOXD-AS2 was specifically interfered with by siRNA technology to observe its effects on U251 cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion. Results The expression level of HOXD-AS2 gene in glioma was significantly higher than that in the normal brain tissue, which was related to the tumor grade. The level of HOXD-AS2 gene in patients with high-grade glioma was higher than that in patients with low-grade glioma. High expression of HOXD-AS2 gene was a risk factor for poor prognosis of glioma patients. Knocking down the expression of HOXD-AS2 in glioma cell line U251 arrested the cell cycle and reduced the cell proliferation. Furthermore, it could significantly reduce the migration ability of the cells but had no significant effect on the invasion. Conclusion HOXD-AS2 is an oncogenic lncRNA associated with the poor prognosis of glioma. Knockdown of HOXD-AS2 may reduce the growth of glioma, which may provide a new avenue for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru-Ru Zhao
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chun Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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MEOX2 Regulates the Growth and Survival of Glioblastoma Stem Cells by Modulating Genes of the Glycolytic Pathway and Response to Hypoxia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092304. [PMID: 35565433 PMCID: PMC9099809 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma is the most common incurable primary brain tumor in adults, typically leading to death within 15 months of diagnosis. Although there is an ongoing debate in the scientific community about the precise cellular origin of this tumor, glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), which are able to self-renew, yield a full tumor mass, and determine chemo- and radio-resistance, are recognized to have a pivotal role. Our research aims to understand the role of the mesenchyme homeobox 2 (MEOX2) transcription factor in GSCs where it is strongly and specifically expressed. We have found that MEOX2 is indeed important for the survival of these cells. In fact, when we reduce its expression in two different GSC lines, they undergo a massive death accompanied by the inhibition of key genes of the glycolytic metabolism, the main source of energy for these cells. Our results reveal a novel function for MEOX2 in glioblastoma and suggest a mechanism through which GSCs may survive even in unfavorable conditions. Abstract The most widely accepted hypothesis for the development of glioblastoma suggests that glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) are crucially involved in tumor initiation and recurrence as well as in the occurrence of chemo- and radio-resistance. Mesenchyme homeobox 2 (MEOX2) is a transcription factor overexpressed in glioblastoma, whose expression is negatively correlated with patient survival. Starting from our observation that MEOX2 expression is strongly enhanced in six GSC lines, we performed shRNA-mediated knock-down experiments in two different GSC lines and found that MEOX2 depletion resulted in the inhibition of cell growth and sphere-forming ability and an increase in apoptotic cell death. By a deep transcriptome analysis, we identified a core group of genes modulated in response to MEOX2 knock-down. Among these genes, the repressed ones are largely enriched in genes involved in the hypoxic response and glycolytic pathway, two strictly related pathways that contribute to the resistance of high-grade gliomas to therapies. An in silico study of the regulatory regions of genes differentially expressed by MEOX2 knock-down revealed that they mainly consisted of GC-rich regions enriched for Sp1 and Klf4 binding motifs, two main regulators of metabolism in glioblastoma. Our results show, for the first time, the involvement of MEOX2 in the regulation of genes of GSC metabolism, which is essential for the survival and growth of these cells.
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Arunachalam E, Rogers W, Simpson GR, Möller-Levet C, Bolton G, Ismael M, Smith C, Keegen K, Bagwan I, Brend T, Short SC, Hong B, Otani Y, Kaur B, Annels N, Morgan R, Pandha H. HOX and PBX gene dysregulation as a therapeutic target in glioblastoma multiforme. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:400. [PMID: 35418059 PMCID: PMC9006463 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common high-grade malignant brain tumour in adults and arises from the glial cells in the brain. The prognosis of treated GBM remains very poor with 5-year survival rates of 5%, a figure which has not improved over the last few decades. Currently, there is a modest 14-month overall median survival in patients undergoing maximum safe resection plus adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. HOX gene dysregulation is now a widely recognised feature of many malignancies. METHODS In this study we have focused on HOX gene dysregulation in GBM as a potential therapeutic target in a disease with high unmet need. RESULTS We show significant dysregulation of these developmentally crucial genes and specifically that HOX genes A9, A10, C4 and D9 are strong candidates for biomarkers and treatment targets for GBM and GBM cancer stem cells. We evaluated a next generation therapeutic peptide, HTL-001, capable of targeting HOX gene over-expression in GBM by disrupting the interaction between HOX proteins and their co-factor, PBX. HTL-001 induced both caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis in GBM cell lines. CONCLUSION In vivo biodistribution studies confirmed that the peptide was able to cross the blood brain barrier. Systemic delivery of HTL-001 resulted in improved control of subcutaneous murine and human xenograft tumours and improved survival in a murine orthotopic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einthavy Arunachalam
- Targeted Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK
| | - William Rogers
- Targeted Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Guy R Simpson
- Targeted Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Carla Möller-Levet
- Targeted Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Gemma Bolton
- Targeted Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK
- Surrey Technology Centre, HOX Therapeutics Ltd, Unit 2440 Occam Rd, Guildford, GU2 7YG, UK
| | - Mohammed Ismael
- Targeted Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK
- Surrey Technology Centre, HOX Therapeutics Ltd, Unit 2440 Occam Rd, Guildford, GU2 7YG, UK
| | - Christopher Smith
- Targeted Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Karl Keegen
- Surrey Technology Centre, HOX Therapeutics Ltd, Unit 2440 Occam Rd, Guildford, GU2 7YG, UK
| | - Izhar Bagwan
- Department of Pathology, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Egerton Road, Guildford, GU2 7XX, Surrey, UK
| | - Tim Brend
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Susan C Short
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Bangxing Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Otani
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nicola Annels
- Targeted Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Richard Morgan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of West London, St Mary's Road, Ealing, London, W5 5RF, UK
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Targeted Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK.
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Li Y, Ma K, Xie Q, Zhang X, Zhang X, Chen K, Kong L, Qian R. Identification of HOXD10 as a Marker of Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:5183-5195. [PMID: 34737577 PMCID: PMC8558040 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s336225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose HOXD10 is a tumor modulator that can either be a tumor-suppressor or a tumor-promoting gene. However, the role of HOXD10 in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains unclear. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied to detect protein expression of HOXD10 in GBM and normal brain tissue patients. Clinicopathological characteristics with GBM were recorded, and a Kaplan–Meier curve was plotted. Additionally, the mRNA expression of HOXD10 and its effect on prognosis were analyzed using the online tool GEPIA and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Based on the mRNA expression of HOXD10, GBM patients from TCGA database were divided into low- and high-HOXD10 expression groups to analyze the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, and construct a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Results The mRNA expression of HOXD10 was up-regulated in GBM according to GEPIA, while the protein expression of HOXD10 in GBM was down-regulated according to IHC analysis of samples from patients collected from our hospital. Correlation analysis showed that HOXD10 expression was significantly related to IDH1 status. Univariate analysis revealed that low HOXD10 expression, complete surgical resection, postoperative radiotherapy, postoperative temozolomide chemotherapy and IDH1 mutation were all beneficial prognostic factors. Further multivariate analysis revealed that only complete surgical resection and postoperative radiotherapy were independent prognostic factors. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that HOXD10 expression is mainly involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions. In the ceRNA network, 89 nodes, containing 45 mRNAs, 39 miRNAs and five lncRNAs associated with prognosis were involved. The PPI network revealed a tight interaction between HOXD10 and HOXD8, HOXD9, HOXD11, HOXD13 and HOXB3. Conclusion Based on our experimental data, although HOXD10 expression is low in GBM compared with normal brain tissue, GBM patients with high HOXD10 expression have a worse prognosis. HOXD10 may play different or even opposite roles in different stages of GBM occurrence and development. For patients with GBM, HOXD10 may be a valid predictor of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Xie
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulei Zhang
- Department of Microbiome Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfei Kong
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjun Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
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Ding F, Chen P, Bie P, Piao W, Cheng Q. HOXA5 Is Recognized as a Prognostic-Related Biomarker and Promotes Glioma Progression Through Affecting Cell Cycle. Front Oncol 2021; 11:633430. [PMID: 34485110 PMCID: PMC8416157 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.633430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is malignant tumor derives from glial cells in the central nervous system. High-grade glioma shows aggressive growth pattern, and conventional treatments, such as surgical removal and chemo-radiotherapy, archive limitation in the interference of this process. In this work, HOXA5, from the HOX family, was identified as a glioma cell proliferation-associated factor by investigating its feature in the TCGA and CGGA data set. High HOXA5 expression samples contain unfavorable clinical features of glioma, including IDH wild type, un-methylated MGMT status, non-codeletion 1p19q status, malignant molecular subtype. Survival analysis indicates that high HOXA5 expression samples are associated with worse clinical outcome. The CNVs and SNPs profile difference further confirmed the enrichment of glioma aggressive related biomarkers. In the meantime, the activation of DNA damage repair-related pathways and TP53-related pathways is also related to HOXA5 expression. In cell lines, U87MG and U251, by interfering HOXA5 expression significantly inhibit glioma progression and apoptosis, and cell cycle is arrested at the G2/M phase. Collectively, increased HOXA5 expression can promote glioma progression via affecting glioma cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqin Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Medical Experiment Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Pengfei Bie
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenhua Piao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy Center for Glioma of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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9
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Le Boiteux E, Court F, Guichet PO, Vaurs-Barrière C, Vaillant I, Chautard E, Verrelle P, Costa BM, Karayan-Tapon L, Fogli A, Arnaud P. Widespread overexpression from the four DNA hypermethylated HOX clusters in aggressive (IDHwt) glioma is associated with H3K27me3 depletion and alternative promoter usage. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1995-2010. [PMID: 33720519 PMCID: PMC8334257 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In human, the 39 coding HOX genes and 18 referenced noncoding antisense transcripts are arranged in four genomic clusters named HOXA, B, C, and D. This highly conserved family belongs to the homeobox class of genes that encode transcription factors required for normal development. Therefore, HOX gene deregulation might contribute to the development of many cancer types. Here, we study HOX gene deregulation in adult glioma, a common type of primary brain tumor. We performed extensive molecular analysis of tumor samples, classified according to their isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1) gene mutation status, and of glioma stem cells. We found widespread expression of sense and antisense HOX transcripts only in aggressive (IDHwt) glioma samples, although the four HOX clusters displayed DNA hypermethylation. Integrative analysis of expression, DNA methylation, and histone modification signatures along the clusters revealed that HOX gene upregulation relies on canonical and alternative bivalent CpG island promoters that escape hypermethylation. H3K27me3 loss at these promoters emerges as the main cause of widespread HOX gene upregulation in IDHwt glioma cell lines and tumors. Our study provides the first comprehensive description of the epigenetic changes at HOX clusters and their contribution to the transcriptional changes observed in adult glioma. It also identified putative 'master' HOX proteins that might contribute to the tumorigenic potential of glioma stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Le Boiteux
- CNRS, Inserm, GReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Franck Court
- CNRS, Inserm, GReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Guichet
- INSERM-U1084, Poitiers, France.,Poitiers University, France.,Department of Cancer Biology, Poitiers Hospital, France
| | | | - Isabelle Vaillant
- CNRS, Inserm, GReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuel Chautard
- Pathology Department, Jean Perrin Center, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM, U1240 IMoST, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Verrelle
- CIMB, INSERM U1196 CNRS UMR9187, Curie Institute, Orsay, France.,Radiotherapy Department, Curie Institute, Paris, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno M Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Lucie Karayan-Tapon
- INSERM-U1084, Poitiers, France.,Poitiers University, France.,Department of Cancer Biology, Poitiers Hospital, France
| | - Anne Fogli
- CNRS, Inserm, GReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Clermont-Ferrand Hospital, France
| | - Philippe Arnaud
- CNRS, Inserm, GReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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10
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Bivalent Genes Targeting of Glioma Heterogeneity and Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020540. [PMID: 33430434 PMCID: PMC7826605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas account for most primary Central Nervous System (CNS) neoplasms, characterized by high aggressiveness and low survival rates. Despite the immense research efforts, there is a small improvement in glioma survival rates, mostly attributed to their heterogeneity and complex pathophysiology. Recent data indicate the delicate interplay of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in regulating gene expression and cell differentiation, pointing towards the pivotal role of bivalent genes. Bivalency refers to a property of chromatin to acquire more than one histone marks during the cell cycle and rapidly transition gene expression from an active to a suppressed transcriptional state. Although first identified in embryonal stem cells, bivalent genes have now been associated with tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Emerging evidence indicates the implication of bivalent gene regulation in glioma heterogeneity and plasticity, mainly involving Homeobox genes, Wingless-Type MMTV Integration Site Family Members, Hedgehog protein, and Solute Carrier Family members. These genes control a wide variety of cellular functions, including cellular differentiation during early organism development, regulation of cell growth, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, therapy resistance, and apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the implication of bivalent genes in glioma pathogenesis and their potential therapeutic targeting options.
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11
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Xiao J, Jin X, Zhang C, Zou H, Chang Z, Han N, Li X, Zhang Y, Li Y. Systematic analysis of enhancer regulatory circuit perturbation driven by copy number variations in malignant glioma. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3060-3073. [PMID: 33537074 PMCID: PMC7847679 DOI: 10.7150/thno.54150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Enhancers are emerging regulatory regions controlling gene expression in diverse cancer types. However, the functions of enhancer regulatory circuit perturbations driven by copy number variations (CNVs) in malignant glioma are unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the comprehensive enhancer regulatory perturbation and identify potential biomarkers in glioma. Results: We performed a meta-analysis of the enhancer centered regulatory circuit perturbations in 683 gliomas by integrating CNVs, gene expression, and transcription factors (TFs) binding. We found widespread CNVs of enhancers during glioma progression, and CNVs were associated with the perturbations of enhancer activities. In particular, the degree of perturbations for amplified enhancers was much greater accompanied by the glioma malignant progression. In addition, CNVs and enhancers cooperatively regulated the expressions of cancer-related genes. Genome-wide TF binding profiles revealed that enhancers were pervasively regulated by TFs. A network-based analysis of TF-enhancer-gene regulatory circuits revealed a core TF-gene module (58 interactions including seven genes and 14 TFs) that was associated survival of patients with glioma (p < 0.001). Finally, we validated this prognosis-associated TF-gene regulatory module in an independent cohort. In summary, our analyses provided new molecular insights for enhancer-centered transcriptional perturbation in glioma therapy. Conclusion: Integrative analysis revealed enhancer regulatory perturbations in glioma and also identified a network module that was associated with patient survival, thereby providing novel insights into enhancer-centered cancer therapy.
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12
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Gonçalves CS, Le Boiteux E, Arnaud P, Costa BM. HOX gene cluster (de)regulation in brain: from neurodevelopment to malignant glial tumours. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3797-3821. [PMID: 32239260 PMCID: PMC11105007 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03508-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
HOX genes encode a family of evolutionarily conserved homeodomain transcription factors that are crucial both during development and adult life. In humans, 39 HOX genes are arranged in four clusters (HOXA, B, C, and D) in chromosomes 7, 17, 12, and 2, respectively. During embryonic development, particular epigenetic states accompany their expression along the anterior-posterior body axis. This tightly regulated temporal-spatial expression pattern reflects their relative chromosomal localization, and is critical for normal embryonic brain development when HOX genes are mainly expressed in the hindbrain and mostly absent in the forebrain region. Epigenetic marks, mostly polycomb-associated, are dynamically regulated at HOX loci and regulatory regions to ensure the finely tuned HOX activation and repression, highlighting a crucial epigenetic plasticity necessary for homeostatic development. HOX genes are essentially absent in healthy adult brain, whereas they are detected in malignant brain tumours, namely gliomas, where HOX genes display critical roles by regulating several hallmarks of cancer. Here, we review the major mechanisms involved in HOX genes (de)regulation in the brain, from embryonic to adult stages, in physiological and oncologic conditions. We focus particularly on the emerging causes of HOX gene deregulation in glioma, as well as on their functional and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline S Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Elisa Le Boiteux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM-iGReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Arnaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM-iGReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno M Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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13
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Adato O, Orenstein Y, Kopolovic J, Juven-Gershon T, Unger R. Quantitative Analysis of Differential Expression of HOX Genes in Multiple Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1572. [PMID: 32545894 PMCID: PMC7352544 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors encoded by Homeobox (HOX) genes play numerous key functions during early embryonic development and differentiation. Multiple reports have shown that mis-regulation of HOX gene expression plays key roles in the development of cancers. Their expression levels in cancers tend to differ based on tissue and tumor type. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis comparing HOX gene expression in different cancer types, obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), with matched healthy tissues, obtained from Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx). We identified and quantified differential expression patterns that confirmed previously identified expression changes and highlighted new differential expression signatures. We discovered differential expression patterns that are in line with patient survival data. This comprehensive and quantitative analysis provides a global picture of HOX genes' differential expression patterns in different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Adato
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel;
| | - Yaron Orenstein
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
| | - Juri Kopolovic
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
| | - Tamar Juven-Gershon
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel;
| | - Ron Unger
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel;
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14
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Kuo TL, Cheng KH, Chen LT, Hung WC. Deciphering The Potential Role of Hox Genes in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050734. [PMID: 31137902 PMCID: PMC6562939 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hox gene family plays an important role in organogenesis and animal development. Currently, 39 Hox genes that are clustered in four chromosome regions have been identified in humans. Emerging evidence suggests that Hox genes are involved in the development of the pancreas. However, the expression of Hox genes in pancreatic tumor tissues has been investigated in only a few studies. In addition, whether specific Hox genes can promote or suppress cancer metastasis is not clear. In this article, we first review the recent progress in studies on the role of Hox genes in pancreatic cancer. By comparing the expression profiles of pancreatic cancer cells isolated from genetically engineered mice established in our laboratory with three different proliferative and metastatic abilities, we identified novel Hox genes that exhibited tumor-promoting activity in pancreatic cancer. Finally, a potential oncogenic mechanism of the Hox genes was hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Lei Kuo
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
| | - Kuang-Hung Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chun Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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15
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Zhang Y, Chen J, Xue Q, Wang J, Zhao L, Han K, Zhang D, Hou L. Prognostic Significance of MicroRNAs in Glioma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4015969. [PMID: 31032345 PMCID: PMC6457304 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4015969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Different microRNAs (miRs) have been demonstrated to relate with the outcome of glioma patients, while the conclusions are inconsistent. We perform a meta-analysis to clarify the relationship between different miRs and prognosis of glioma. METHODS Related studies were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) of different miRs expression for survival and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 15 miRs with 4708 glioma patients were ultimately included. Increased expression of miR-15b (HR, 1.584; 95% CI, 1.199-2.092), 21 (HR, 1.591; 95% CI, 1.278-1.981), 148a (HR, 1.122; 95% CI, 1.023-1.231), 196 (HR, 1.877; 95% CI, 1.033-3.411), 210 (HR, 1.251; 95% CI, 1.010-1.550), and 221 (HR, 1.269; 95% CI, 1.054-1.527) or decreased expression of miR-106a (HR, 0.809; 95% CI, 0.655-0.998) and 124 (HR, 0.833; 95% CI, 0.729-0.952) was correlated with poor outcome of glioma patients. CONCLUSIONS miR-15b, 21, 148a, 196, 210, 221, 106a, and 124 are valuable biomarkers for the prognosis of glioma which might be used in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Zhang
- Second Sub-Team, Fourth Team, Undergraduate Management Team, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jigang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiwei Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Tavares‐Valente D, Granja S, Baltazar F, Queirós O. Bioenergetic modulators hamper cancer cell viability and enhance response to chemotherapy. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3782-3794. [PMID: 29845734 PMCID: PMC6050502 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are characterized by a marked glycolytic metabolism with a consequent production of massive amounts of lactate, even in the presence of normal levels of oxygen, associated to increased invasion capacity and to higher resistance to conventional treatment. This work aimed to understand how the metabolic modulation can influence tumour aggressive features and its potential to be used as complementary therapy. We assessed the effect of bioenergetic modulators (BMs) targeting different metabolic pathways in glioma cell characteristics. The in vivo effect of BMs was evaluated using the chicken chorioallantoic membrane model. Additionally, the effect of pre-treatment with BMs in the response to the antitumour drug temozolomide (TMZ) was analysed in vitro. Cell treatment with the BMs induced a decrease in cell viability and in migratory/invasion abilities, as well as modifications in metabolic parameters (glucose, lactate and ATP) and increased the cytotoxicity of the conventional drug TMZ. Furthermore, all BMs decreased the tumour growth and the number of blood vessels in an in vivo model. Our results demonstrate that metabolic modulation has the potential to be used as therapy to decrease the aggressiveness of the tumours or to be combined with conventional drugs used in glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Tavares‐Valente
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoCampus de Gualtar4710‐057BragaPortugal
- Department of SciencesIINFACTS ‐ Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and TechnologiesCESPU, CRLUniversity Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS)GandraPortugal
| | - Sara Granja
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoCampus de Gualtar4710‐057BragaPortugal
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoCampus de Gualtar4710‐057BragaPortugal
| | - Odília Queirós
- Department of SciencesIINFACTS ‐ Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and TechnologiesCESPU, CRLUniversity Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS)GandraPortugal
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17
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Cimino PJ, Kim Y, Wu HJ, Alexander J, Wirsching HG, Szulzewsky F, Pitter K, Ozawa T, Wang J, Vazquez J, Arora S, Rabadan R, Levine R, Michor F, Holland EC. Increased HOXA5 expression provides a selective advantage for gain of whole chromosome 7 in IDH wild-type glioblastoma. Genes Dev 2018; 32:512-523. [PMID: 29632085 PMCID: PMC5959235 DOI: 10.1101/gad.312157.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cimino et al. developed an unbiased bioinformatics approach that identified homeobox A5 (HOXA5) as a gene whose expression correlated with gain of chromosome 7 and a more aggressive phenotype of the resulting glioma. HOXA5 overexpression promoted cellular proliferation and potentiated radioresistance. Glioblastoma is the most frequently occurring and invariably fatal primary brain tumor in adults. The vast majority of glioblastomas is characterized by chromosomal copy number alterations, including gain of whole chromosome 7 and loss of whole chromosome 10. Gain of whole chromosome 7 is an early event in gliomagenesis that occurs in proneural-like precursor cells, which give rise to all isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type glioblastoma transcriptional subtypes. Platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGFA) is one gene on chromosome 7 known to drive gliomagenesis, but, given its location near the end of 7p, there are likely several other genes located along chromosome 7 that select for its increased whole-chromosome copy number within glioblastoma cells. To identify other potential genes that could select for gain of whole chromosome 7, we developed an unbiased bioinformatics approach that identified homeobox A5 (HOXA5) as a gene whose expression correlated with gain of chromosome 7 and a more aggressive phenotype of the resulting glioma. High expression of HOXA5 in glioblastoma was associated with a proneural gene expression pattern and decreased overall survival in both human proneural and PDGF-driven mouse glioblastoma. Furthermore, HOXA5 overexpression promoted cellular proliferation and potentiated radioresistance. We also found enrichment of HOXA5 expression in recurrent human and mouse glioblastoma at first recurrence after radiotherapy. Overall, this study implicates HOXA5 as a chromosome 7-associated gene-level locus that promotes selection for gain of whole chromosome 7 and an aggressive phenotype in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Cimino
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.,Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
| | - Youngmi Kim
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Hua-Jun Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jes Alexander
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Hans-Georg Wirsching
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Frank Szulzewsky
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Ken Pitter
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Tatsuya Ozawa
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.,Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Jiguang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Julio Vazquez
- Division of Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Sonali Arora
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Ross Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Franziska Michor
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,The Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,The Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,The Center for Cancer Evolution, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Eric C Holland
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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18
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Li B, McCrudden CM, Yuen HF, Xi X, Lyu P, Chan KW, Zhang SD, Kwok HF. CD133 in brain tumor: the prognostic factor. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11144-11159. [PMID: 28055976 PMCID: PMC5355253 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CD133 has been shown to be an important stem cell factor that promotes glioma progression. However, the mechanism for CD133-mediated glioma progression has yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we found that CD133 mRNA expression was a prognostic marker in three independent glioma patient cohorts, corroborating a putative role for CD133 in glioma progression. Importantly, we found that CD133 expression in glioma was highly correlated with the expression of HOX gene stem cell factors (HOXA5, HOXA7, HOXA10, HOXC4 and HOXC6). The expression of these HOX genes individually was significantly associated with survival. Interestingly, the prognostic significance of CD133 was dependent on the expression level of HOX genes, and vice versa. CD133 (p = 0.021) and HOXA7 (p = 0.001) were independent prognostic markers when the three glioma patient cohorts were combined (n = 231). Our results suggest that HOX genes may play a more important role in progression of glioma when CD133 expression is low. Furthermore, we showed that low-level expression of LIM2 in CD133-high glioma was associated with poorer survival, suggesting that LIM2 could be a therapeutic target for glioma expressing a high level of CD133. Connectivity mapping identified vinblastine and vincristine as agents that could reverse the CD133/HOX genes/LIM2-signature, and we confirmed this by in vitro analysis in glioma cell lines, demonstrating that CD133 and HOX genes were co-expressed and could be downregulated by vincristine. In conclusion, our data show that CD133 and HOX genes are important prognostic markers in glioma and shed light on possible treatment strategies for glioma expressing a high level of CD133.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Cian M McCrudden
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Hiu Fung Yuen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Xinping Xi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Peng Lyu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Kwok Wah Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shu Dong Zhang
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
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Effect of rs11614913 Polymorphism on Mature miR196a2 Expression and its Target Gene HOXC8 Expression in Human Glioma. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 61:144-151. [PMID: 27796868 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0855-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
miRNA polymorphisms are recently identified as a risk factor for various cancers, and it is associated with change in the expression of target genes in vitro. rs11614913 polymorphism in miR196a2 was associated with risk of glioma in Chinese population. In this study, we have evaluated the role of rs11614913 polymorphism and glioma risk in Indian population in 180 cases and controls. Seventy-two glioma tissue-blood pairs were also assessed for mutation in this SNP. Further, the effect of this polymorphism on mature miR196a2 expression and HOXC8 gene expression was analysed in 33 glioma tissue samples with different genotypes. Allelic discrimination assay was performed for genotyping and quantitative real time PCR for the expression of miR196a2 and HOXC8 gene. We could not find any association between rs11614913 polymorphism and glioma risk in Indian population. The rs11614913 genotyping of glioma tissue and blood pair revealed presence of mutations showing changes from C to T allele in majority of samples. The expression of the mature miR196a2 was significantly high in glioma samples, but there was no difference in expression with genotype. HOXC8 gene expression was not significantly different in glioma tissue when compared to non-glioma and interestingly there was a significant difference in expression with different genotypes, especially TT genotype was showing over expression when compared to other genotypes. Our study suggests that the rs11614913 polymorphism does not affect the mature miRNA expression, but shows its effect through target gene HOXC8 expression in glioma.
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20
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Se YB, Kim SH, Kim JY, Kim JE, Dho YS, Kim JW, Kim YH, Woo HG, Kim SH, Kang SH, Kim HJ, Kim TM, Lee ST, Choi SH, Park SH, Kim IH, Kim DG, Park CK. Underexpression of HOXA11 Is Associated with Treatment Resistance and Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma. Cancer Res Treat 2016; 49:387-398. [PMID: 27456940 PMCID: PMC5398402 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2016.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Homeobox (HOX) genes are essential developmental regulators that should normally be in the silenced state in an adult brain. The aberrant expression of HOX genes has been associated with the prognosis of many cancer types, including glioblastoma (GBM). This study examined the identity and role of HOX genes affecting GBM prognosis and treatment resistance. Materials and Methods The full series of HOX genes of five pairs of initial and recurrent human GBM samples were screened by microarray analysis to determine the most plausible candidate responsible for GBM prognosis. Another 20 newly diagnosed GBM samples were used for prognostic validation. In vitro experiments were performed to confirm the role of HOX in treatment resistance. Mediators involved in HOX gene regulation were searched using differentially expressed gene analysis, gene set enrichment tests, and network analysis. Results The underexpression of HOXA11 was identified as a consistent signature for a poor prognosis among the HOX genes. The overall survival of the GBM patients indicated a significantly favorable prognosis in patients with high HOXA11 expression (31±15.3 months) compared to the prognoses in thosewith low HOXA11 expression (18±7.3 months, p=0.03). When HOXA11 was suppressed in the GBM cell lines, the anticancer effect of radiotherapy and/or temozolomide declined. In addition, five candidate mediators (TGFBR2, CRIM1, TXNIP, DPYSL2, and CRMP1) that may confer an oncologic effect after HOXA11 suppression were identified. Conclusion The treatment resistance induced by the underexpression of HOXA11 can contribute to a poor prognosis in GBM. Further investigation will be needed to confirm the value of HOXA11 as a potential target for overcoming the treatment resistance by developing chemo- or radiosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Bem Se
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja Eun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Sik Dho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Wook Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Hwy Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Woo
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Se-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Shin-Hyuk Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hak Jae Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon-Tae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hong Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il Han Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Gyu Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul-Kee Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Schmid RS, Simon JM, Vitucci M, McNeill RS, Bash RE, Werneke AM, Huey L, White KK, Ewend MG, Wu J, Miller CR. Core pathway mutations induce de-differentiation of murine astrocytes into glioblastoma stem cells that are sensitive to radiation but resistant to temozolomide. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:962-73. [PMID: 26826202 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma stem cells (GSCs) from human glioblastomas (GBMs) are resistant to radiation and chemotherapy and may drive recurrence. Treatment efficacy may depend on GSCs, expression of DNA repair enzymes such as methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT), or transcriptome subtype. METHODS To model genetic alterations in human GBM core signaling pathways, we induced Rb knockout, Kras activation, and Pten deletion mutations in cortical murine astrocytes. Neurosphere culture, differentiation, and orthotopic transplantation assays were used to assess whether these mutations induced de-differentiation into GSCs. Genome-wide chromatin landscape alterations and expression profiles were examined by formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements (FAIRE) seq and RNA-seq. Radiation and temozolomide efficacy were examined in vitro and in an allograft model in vivo. Effects of radiation on transcriptome subtype were examined by microarray expression profiling. RESULTS Cultured triple mutant astrocytes gained unlimited self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capacity. These cells harbored significantly altered chromatin landscapes that were associated with downregulation of astrocyte- and upregulation of stem cell-associated genes, particularly the Hoxa locus of embryonic transcription factors. Triple-mutant astrocytes formed serially transplantable glioblastoma allografts that were sensitive to radiation but expressed MGMT and were resistant to temozolomide. Radiation induced a shift in transcriptome subtype of GBM allografts from proneural to mesenchymal. CONCLUSION A defined set of core signaling pathway mutations induces de-differentiation of cortical murine astrocytes into GSCs with altered chromatin landscapes and transcriptomes. This non-germline genetically engineered mouse model mimics human proneural GBM on histopathological, molecular, and treatment response levels. It may be useful for dissecting the mechanisms of treatment resistance and developing more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf S Schmid
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.S.S., L.H., M.G.E., J.W., C.R.M.); Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (M.V., R.S.M., R.E.B., A.M.W., K.K.W., C.R.M.); Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.M.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (M.G.E., J.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosciences Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M.)
| | - Jeremy M Simon
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.S.S., L.H., M.G.E., J.W., C.R.M.); Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (M.V., R.S.M., R.E.B., A.M.W., K.K.W., C.R.M.); Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.M.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (M.G.E., J.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosciences Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M.)
| | - Mark Vitucci
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.S.S., L.H., M.G.E., J.W., C.R.M.); Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (M.V., R.S.M., R.E.B., A.M.W., K.K.W., C.R.M.); Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.M.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (M.G.E., J.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosciences Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M.)
| | - Robert S McNeill
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.S.S., L.H., M.G.E., J.W., C.R.M.); Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (M.V., R.S.M., R.E.B., A.M.W., K.K.W., C.R.M.); Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.M.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (M.G.E., J.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosciences Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M.)
| | - Ryan E Bash
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.S.S., L.H., M.G.E., J.W., C.R.M.); Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (M.V., R.S.M., R.E.B., A.M.W., K.K.W., C.R.M.); Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.M.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (M.G.E., J.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosciences Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M.)
| | - Andrea M Werneke
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.S.S., L.H., M.G.E., J.W., C.R.M.); Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (M.V., R.S.M., R.E.B., A.M.W., K.K.W., C.R.M.); Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.M.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (M.G.E., J.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosciences Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M.)
| | - Lauren Huey
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.S.S., L.H., M.G.E., J.W., C.R.M.); Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (M.V., R.S.M., R.E.B., A.M.W., K.K.W., C.R.M.); Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.M.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (M.G.E., J.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosciences Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M.)
| | - Kristen K White
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.S.S., L.H., M.G.E., J.W., C.R.M.); Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (M.V., R.S.M., R.E.B., A.M.W., K.K.W., C.R.M.); Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.M.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (M.G.E., J.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosciences Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M.)
| | - Matthew G Ewend
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.S.S., L.H., M.G.E., J.W., C.R.M.); Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (M.V., R.S.M., R.E.B., A.M.W., K.K.W., C.R.M.); Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.M.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (M.G.E., J.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosciences Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M.)
| | - Jing Wu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.S.S., L.H., M.G.E., J.W., C.R.M.); Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (M.V., R.S.M., R.E.B., A.M.W., K.K.W., C.R.M.); Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.M.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (M.G.E., J.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosciences Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M.)
| | - C Ryan Miller
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.S.S., L.H., M.G.E., J.W., C.R.M.); Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (M.V., R.S.M., R.E.B., A.M.W., K.K.W., C.R.M.); Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.M.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (M.G.E., J.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosciences Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M.)
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22
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Guo YB, Shao YM, Chen J, Xu SB, Zhang XD, Wang MR, Liu HY. Effect of overexpression of HOX genes on its invasive tendency in cerebral glioma. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:75-80. [PMID: 26870170 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors encoded by HOX genes are vital in the determination of cell fate and identity during embryonic development. In certain malignancies, HOX genes also behave as oncogenes. The present study demonstrated suppression of the invasive tendency of glioblastoma multiforme U-118 and U-138 cells by the introduction of the antisense fragments of HOXA6 and B13 genes using electroporation. The invasion index indicated 79 and 72% reductions in the invasive ability of antisense HOXA6 and B13, respectively. No significant differences in the invasive index of the parental and mock cells of each HOX gene were observed (invasive index, 0.75-0.91; P=0.05). A reduction in invasion tendency was also observed following betulinic acid (BA) treatment: The results from the matrigel assay analysis clearly demonstrated a significant inhibition in the invasive behaviour of U-118 and U-138 cell lines from day 15 following BA treatment, with a maximum effect on day 30. The invasion index demonstrated 62 and 65% reductions in invasion ability in the U-118 and U-138 cell lines, respectively. The suppression of HOXC6 and B13 expression by the introduction of the corresponding antisense fragments in addition to BA reduced invasion tendency in U-118 and U-138 cell lines. The mechanism underlying the association between the HOX gene and invasive behavior in glioma cells is yet to be understood. However, the anti-invasive behavior of BA may aid understanding of the mechanism in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Bao Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Meng Shao
- Department of Surgery, Central Hospital of Changchun, Changchun, Jilin 130011, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Song-Bai Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Dong Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Mao-Ren Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Liu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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23
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Lee EJ, Rath P, Liu J, Ryu D, Pei L, Noonepalle SK, Shull AY, Feng Q, Litofsky NS, Miller DC, Anthony DC, Kirk MD, Laterra J, Deng L, Xin HB, Wang X, Choi JH, Shi H. Identification of Global DNA Methylation Signatures in Glioblastoma-Derived Cancer Stem Cells. J Genet Genomics 2015; 42:355-71. [PMID: 26233891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. The existence of a small population of stem-like tumor cells that efficiently propagate tumors and resist cytotoxic therapy is one proposed mechanism leading to the resilient behavior of tumor cells and poor prognosis. In this study, we performed an in-depth analysis of the DNA methylation landscape in GBM-derived cancer stem cells (GSCs). Parallel comparisons of primary tumors and GSC lines derived from these tumors with normal controls (a neural stem cell (NSC) line and normal brain tissue) identified groups of hyper- and hypomethylated genes that display a trend of either increasing or decreasing methylation levels in the order of controls, primary GBMs, and their counterpart GSC lines, respectively. Interestingly, concurrent promoter hypermethylation and gene body hypomethylation were observed in a subset of genes including MGMT, AJAP1 and PTPRN2. These unique DNA methylation signatures were also found in primary GBM-derived xenograft tumors indicating that they are not tissue culture-related epigenetic changes. Integration of GSC-specific epigenetic signatures with gene expression analysis further identified candidate tumor suppressor genes that are frequently down-regulated in GBMs such as SPINT2, NEFM and PENK. Forced re-expression of SPINT2 reduced glioma cell proliferative capacity, anchorage independent growth, cell motility, and tumor sphere formation in vitro. The results from this study demonstrate that GSCs possess unique epigenetic signatures that may play important roles in the pathogenesis of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Joon Lee
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Prakash Rath
- Department of Biology, College of Art and Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jimei Liu
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Dungsung Ryu
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Lirong Pei
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Satish K Noonepalle
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Austin Y Shull
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Qi Feng
- Division of Neurological Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - N Scott Litofsky
- Division of Neurological Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Douglas C Miller
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Douglas C Anthony
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University and Lifespan Academic Medical Center, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Mark D Kirk
- Department of Biology, College of Art and Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - John Laterra
- Department of Neurology, The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Inc. and The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Libin Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xinguo Wang
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Choi
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Huidong Shi
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Gonçalves CS, Xavier-Magalhães A, Pojo M, Oliveira AI, Correia S, Reis RM, Sousa N, Rocha M, Costa BM. Transcriptional profiling of HOXA9-regulated genes in human glioblastoma cell models. GENOMICS DATA 2015; 5:54-8. [PMID: 26484224 PMCID: PMC4583997 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The data here described pertain to the article by Pojo et al. (2015) [10] titled “A transcriptomic signature mediated by HOXA9 promotes human glioblastoma initiation, aggressiveness and resistance to temozolomide” (Pojoet al., 2015 [10]). HOX genes are part of the homeobox gene family, which encodes transcription factors crucial during embryonic development (Grier et al., 2005; Pearson et al., 2005 [6,9]) and also in post developmental regulation(Neville et al., 2002; Yamamoto et al., 2003; Takahashi et al., 2004;Morgan 2006 [8,14,13,7]). Alterations interfering with the regulation of these genes may lead to tumorigenesis in adults. Due to their contributions in the control of important cellular processes, the deregulation of HOX genes is ultimately correlated with cancer treatment failure and patients' poor prognosis (Golub et al., 1999; Abdel-Fattah et al., 2006 [5,1]; Costa et al.,2010 [4]; Pojo et al., 2015 [10]). Recently, our studies showed that HOXA9 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and most malignant primary brain tumor. Mechanistically, HOXA9 is associated with resistance to chemotherapy and with pro-proliferative, pro invasive and anti-apoptotic features (Costa et al., 2010 [4]; Pojo et al., 2015 [10]) in GBM in vitro models. Since HOXA9 is a transcription factor, its target genes can be the true biological effectors of its aggressiveness. In this context, whole genome Agilent's microarrays were used to obtain the full transcriptome of HOXA9 in a variety of GBM cell models, including human immortalized astrocytes, established GBM cell lines, and GBM patient derived cell cultures. Here, we provide detailed methods, including experimental design and microarray data analyses,which can be accessed in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) under the accession number GSE56517. Additional interpretation of the data is included and supplemented in (Pojo et al., 2015 [10]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline S Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Xavier-Magalhães
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Marta Pojo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sara Correia
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Department of Informatics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Rui M Reis
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal ; Barretos Cancer Hospital, Molecular Oncology Research Center, Rua Antenor Duarte Vilela, 1331-Doutor Paulo Prata, Barretos, SP 14780-000, Brazil
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Miguel Rocha
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Department of Informatics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno M Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Seifert A, Werheid DF, Knapp SM, Tobiasch E. Role of Hox genes in stem cell differentiation. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:583-595. [PMID: 25914765 PMCID: PMC4404393 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i3.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hox genes are an evolutionary highly conserved gene family. They determine the anterior-posterior body axis in bilateral organisms and influence the developmental fate of cells. Embryonic stem cells are usually devoid of any Hox gene expression, but these transcription factors are activated in varying spatial and temporal patterns defining the development of various body regions. In the adult body, Hox genes are among others responsible for driving the differentiation of tissue stem cells towards their respective lineages in order to repair and maintain the correct function of tissues and organs. Due to their involvement in the embryonic and adult body, they have been suggested to be useable for improving stem cell differentiations in vitro and in vivo. In many studies Hox genes have been found as driving factors in stem cell differentiation towards adipogenesis, in lineages involved in bone and joint formation, mainly chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, in cardiovascular lineages including endothelial and smooth muscle cell differentiations, and in neurogenesis. As life expectancy is rising, the demand for tissue reconstruction continues to increase. Stem cells have become an increasingly popular choice for creating therapies in regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal and differentiation potential. Especially mesenchymal stem cells are used more and more frequently due to their easy handling and accessibility, combined with a low tumorgenicity and little ethical concerns. This review therefore intends to summarize to date known correlations between natural Hox gene expression patterns in body tissues and during the differentiation of various stem cells towards their respective lineages with a major focus on mesenchymal stem cell differentiations. This overview shall help to understand the complex interactions of Hox genes and differentiation processes all over the body as well as in vitro for further improvement of stem cell treatments in future regenerative medicine approaches.
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Pojo M, Gonçalves CS, Xavier-Magalhães A, Oliveira AI, Gonçalves T, Correia S, Rodrigues AJ, Costa S, Pinto L, Pinto AA, Lopes JM, Reis RM, Rocha M, Sousa N, Costa BM. A transcriptomic signature mediated by HOXA9 promotes human glioblastoma initiation, aggressiveness and resistance to temozolomide. Oncotarget 2015; 6:7657-74. [PMID: 25762636 PMCID: PMC4480707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most malignant brain tumor, exhibiting remarkable resistance to treatment. Here we investigated the oncogenic potential of HOXA9 in gliomagenesis, the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which HOXA9 renders glioblastoma more aggressive, and how HOXA9 affects response to chemotherapy and survival. The prognostic value of HOXA9 in glioblastoma patients was validated in two large datasets from TCGA and Rembrandt, where high HOXA9 levels were associated with shorter survival. Transcriptomic analyses identified novel HOXA9-target genes with key roles in cancer-related processes, including cell proliferation, DNA repair, and stem cell maintenance. Functional studies with HOXA9-overexpressing and HOXA9-silenced glioblastoma cell models revealed that HOXA9 promotes cell viability, stemness and invasion, and inhibits apoptosis. Additionally, HOXA9 promoted the malignant transformation of human immortalized astrocytes in an orthotopic in vivo model, and caused tumor-associated death. HOXA9 also mediated resistance to temozolomide treatment in vitro and in vivo via upregulation of BCL2. Importantly, the pharmacological inhibition of BCL2 with the BH3 mimetic ABT-737 reverted temozolomide resistance in HOXA9-positive cells. These data establish HOXA9 as a driver of glioma initiation, aggressiveness and resistance to therapy. In the future, the combination of BH3 mimetics with temozolomide should be further explored as an alternative treatment for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pojo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Céline S. Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Xavier-Magalhães
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Tiago Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sara Correia
- Centre of Biological Engineering/Department of Informatics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana J. Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sandra Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Luísa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Afonso A. Pinto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Braga, Sete Fontes, 4710-243 São Victor, Braga, Portugal
| | - José M. Lopes
- Department of Pathology, Hospital S. João, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology at the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M. Reis
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Barretos Cancer Hospital, Molecular Oncology Research Center, Rua Antenor Duarte Vilela, 1331 - Doutor Paulo Prata, Barretos - SP, 14780-000, Brasil
| | - Miguel Rocha
- Centre of Biological Engineering/Department of Informatics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno M. Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Xavier-Magalhães A, Nandhabalan M, Jones C, Costa BM. Molecular prognostic factors in glioblastoma: state of the art and future challenges. CNS Oncol 2015; 2:495-510. [PMID: 25054820 DOI: 10.2217/cns.13.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas account for the majority of primary tumors of the CNS, of which glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant, and for which survival is very poor. Despite significant inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity, all patients are treated with a standardized therapeutic approach. While some clinical features of GBM patients have already been established as classic prognostic factors (e.g., patient age at diagnosis and Karnofsky performance status), one of the most important research fields in neuro-oncology today is the identification of novel molecular determinants of patient survival and tumor response to therapy. Here, we aim to review and discuss some of the most relevant and novel prognostic biomarkers in adult and pediatric GBM patients that may aid in stratifying subgroups of GBMs and rationalizing treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Xavier-Magalhães
- Life & Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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28
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Kurscheid S, Bady P, Sciuscio D, Samarzija I, Shay T, Vassallo I, Criekinge WV, Daniel RT, van den Bent MJ, Marosi C, Weller M, Mason WP, Domany E, Stupp R, Delorenzi M, Hegi ME. Chromosome 7 gain and DNA hypermethylation at the HOXA10 locus are associated with expression of a stem cell related HOX-signature in glioblastoma. Genome Biol 2015; 16:16. [PMID: 25622821 PMCID: PMC4342872 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-015-0583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HOX genes are a family of developmental genes that are expressed neither in the developing forebrain nor in the normal brain. Aberrant expression of a HOX-gene dominated stem-cell signature in glioblastoma has been linked with increased resistance to chemo-radiotherapy and sustained proliferation of glioma initiating cells. Here we describe the epigenetic and genetic alterations and their interactions associated with the expression of this signature in glioblastoma. Results We observe prominent hypermethylation of the HOXA locus 7p15.2 in glioblastoma in contrast to non-tumoral brain. Hypermethylation is associated with a gain of chromosome 7, a hallmark of glioblastoma, and may compensate for tumor-driven enhanced gene dosage as a rescue mechanism by preventing undue gene expression. We identify the CpG island of the HOXA10 alternative promoter that appears to escape hypermethylation in the HOX-high glioblastoma. An additive effect of gene copy gain at 7p15.2 and DNA methylation at key regulatory CpGs in HOXA10 is significantly associated with HOX-signature expression. Additionally, we show concordance between methylation status and presence of active or inactive chromatin marks in glioblastoma-derived spheres that are HOX-high or HOX-low, respectively. Conclusions Based on these findings, we propose co-evolution and interaction between gene copy gain, associated with a gain of chromosome 7, and additional epigenetic alterations as key mechanisms triggering a coordinated, but inappropriate, HOX transcriptional program in glioblastoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-015-0583-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kurscheid
- Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland. .,Neuroscience Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland. .,Bioinformatics Core Facility, Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland. .,Present address: The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Pierre Bady
- Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland. .,Neuroscience Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland. .,Bioinformatics Core Facility, Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland. .,Department of Education and Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Davide Sciuscio
- Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland. .,Neuroscience Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Ivana Samarzija
- Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland. .,Neuroscience Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Tal Shay
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.
| | - Irene Vassallo
- Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland. .,Neuroscience Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Wim V Criekinge
- Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Roy T Daniel
- Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Martin J van den Bent
- Department of Neurology/Neurooncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Christine Marosi
- Department of Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Warren P Mason
- Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Eytan Domany
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Roger Stupp
- Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland. .,Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland.
| | - Mauro Delorenzi
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland. .,Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland. .,Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Monika E Hegi
- Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland. .,Neuroscience Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland.
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29
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Kim JW, Kim JY, Kim JE, Kim SK, Chung HT, Park CK. HOXA10 is associated with temozolomide resistance through regulation of the homologous recombinant DNA repair pathway in glioblastoma cell lines. Genes Cancer 2014; 5:165-174. [PMID: 25061500 PMCID: PMC4104759 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide resistance is associated with multiple DNA repair pathways. We investigated homeobox (HOX) genes for their role in temozolomide resistance, focusing on the homologous recombination (HR) pathway, and we tested their therapeutic implications in conjunction with O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) status. Two glioblastoma cell lines with different MGMT statuses were used to test the augmented anticancer effect of temozolomide with HOXA10 inhibition. In vitro experiments, including gene expression studies with RNA interference, were performed to verify the related pathway dynamics. HOXA10 inhibition reinforced temozolomide sensitivity independent of MGMT status and was related to the impaired double-strand DNA breakage repair process resulting from the downregulation of Rad51 paralogs. Early growth response 1 (EGR1) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) were the regulatory mediators between HOXA10 and the HR pathway. Moreover, HOXA10 inhibition selectively affected the nuclear function of PTEN without interfering with its cytoplasmic function of suppressing the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway. The mechanism of HR pathway regulation by HOXA10 harbors another target mechanism for overcoming temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wook Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja Eun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Tai Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul-Kee Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Palmieri C, Riccardi E. Immunohistochemical expression of HOXA-13 in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic canine prostatic tissue. J Comp Pathol 2013; 149:417-23. [PMID: 23809907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Homeobox genes are known to be examples of the intimate relationship between embryogenesis and tumourigenesis. Specifically, the HOXA13 gene plays a fundamental role in the development of the urogenital tract and external genitalia and in prostate organogenesis. There are no reports on the expression of HOXA13 in normal, hyperplastic or neoplastic canine prostate tissue or in other types of tumours. Six normal, 16 hyperplastic and 12 neoplastic canine prostates were examined microscopically and immunohistochemically with a polyclonal antibody specific for human HOXA13. An immunohistochemical score was generated. HOXA13 was expressed in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic prostates. The percentage of immunolabelled cells in all prostatic carcinomas (PCs) was greatly increased, with a score of 85.3 (±5.25) compared with normal (2 ± 0.71) and hyperplastic prostates (6.08 ± 2.21). The increase in HOXA13 expression in canine PCs suggests the involvement of this transcription factor in carcinogenesis and promotion of tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Palmieri
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton 4343, Queensland, Australia.
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31
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Potential roles for Gfi1 in the pathogenesis and proliferation of glioma. Med Hypotheses 2013; 80:629-32. [PMID: 23466061 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a major form of adult brain tumour with relatively poor prognosis and high mortality. Temozolomide (TMZ)-based chemotherapy following neurosurgery and radiotherapy has been suggested as the first line of treatment and is proven to effectively prolong overall survival and enhance patient quality of life. However, not all patients benefit from this treatment because of drug resistance. Even patients with TMZ-sensitive GBM may become resistant, which is partly due to the restoration of activity of the DNA repair enzyme O(6)-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT); thus, patients cannot evade eventual tumour recurrence. The cellular activity of MGMT is the most important determinant of TMZ-resistance. However, some patients with a low level of activated MGMT are also TMZ-resistant. The aberrant expression of HOXA9, one of the 39 class I homeobox genes, is a marker of poor prognosis, and its level gradually increases with histologic malignant progression, shorter time to overall survival (OS) and free progression survival (FPS) in glioma patients, which further supports an oncogenic role for HOXA9 in gliomas. The HOXA9-PI3K signalling pathway is an important mechanism in GBM that is independent of MGMT promoter methylation status. The DNA binding sites of growth factor independent-1 (Gfi1) can overlap with the HOXA9 promoter through the "AATC" versus "GATT" core sequence. The competition for this binding site inhibits the expression of HOXA9 and induces different transcriptional outcomes, which suggests a new direction for investigation of the mechanism underlying targeted therapy of malignant gliomas.
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Friedman GK, Raborn J, Kelly VM, Cassady KA, Markert JM, Gillespie GY. Pediatric glioma stem cells: biologic strategies for oncolytic HSV virotherapy. Front Oncol 2013; 3:28. [PMID: 23450706 PMCID: PMC3584319 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
While glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common adult malignant brain tumor, GBMs in childhood represent less than 10% of pediatric malignant brain tumors and are phenotypically and molecularly distinct from adult GBMs. Similar to adult patients, outcomes for children with high-grade gliomas (HGGs) remain poor. Furthermore, the significant morbidity and mortality yielded by pediatric GBM is compounded by neurotoxicity for the developing brain caused by current therapies. Poor outcomes have been attributed to a subpopulation of chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistant cells, termed “glioma stem cells” (GSCs), “glioma progenitor cells,” or “glioma-initiating cells,” which have the ability to initiate and maintain the tumor and to repopulate the recurring tumor after conventional therapy. Future innovative therapies for pediatric HGG must be able to eradicate these therapy-resistant GSCs. Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSV), genetically engineered to be safe for normal cells and to express diverse foreign anti-tumor therapeutic genes, have been demonstrated in preclinical studies to infect and kill GSCs and tumor cells equally while sparing normal brain cells. In this review, we discuss the unique aspects of pediatric GSCs, including markers to identify them, the microenvironment they reside in, signaling pathways that regulate them, mechanisms of cellular resistance, and approaches to target GSCs, with a focus on the promising therapeutic, genetically engineered oHSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory K Friedman
- Brain Tumor Research Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
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Di Vinci A, Brigati C, Casciano I, Banelli B, Borzì L, Forlani A, Ravetti GL, Allemanni G, Melloni I, Zona G, Spaziante R, Merlo DF, Romani M. HOXA7, 9, and 10 are methylation targets associated with aggressive behavior in meningiomas. Transl Res 2012; 160:355-62. [PMID: 22735029 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Meningioma is one of the most common intracranial tumors and is graded according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification system. Although these tumors are often surgically curable, a malignant behavior also may occur in meningiomas with benign histologic profiles (WHO I). Thus, it is mandatory to identify biomolecular parameters useful to improve the classification of these tumors. HOXA genes belong to the HOX gene family that encodes homeodomain-containing transcription factors known to be key regulators of embryonic development, involved in cell growth and differentiation and in the development of the central nervous system. Moreover, altered HOXA gene methylation and expression have prognostic value in many tumors. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the level of HOXA3, 7, 9, and 10 methylation in meningioma could be a biomarker linked to the pathologic characteristics of the tumor. We found that methylation levels of HOXA7, 9, and 10 in 131 meningioma samples were significantly higher in WHO II/III tumors compared with WHO I tumors. Moreover, in newly diagnosed WHO I meningiomas, HOXA7, 9, and 10 methylation was significantly lower than in WHO I samples derived from recurring tumors, and multiple meningiomas presented significantly higher HOXA 10 methylation with respect to solitary meningiomas. This study demonstrates that HOXA7, 9, and 10 are methylation targets in meningioma, associated with histopathology and clinical aggressiveness parameters. Our findings suggest the possibility of detecting the malignancy potential of meningioma by assessing the HOXA methylation level and identifying patients at higher risk who could benefit from closer follow-up or postoperative adjuvant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Di Vinci
- Unit of Tumor Genetics and Epigenetics, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genova, Italy
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Olynik BM, Rastegar M. The genetic and epigenetic journey of embryonic stem cells into mature neural cells. Front Genet 2012; 3:81. [PMID: 22629283 PMCID: PMC3355330 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes occur throughout life from embryonic development into adulthood. This results in the timely expression of developmentally important genes, determining the morphology and identity of different cell types and tissues within the body. Epigenetics regulate gene expression and cellular morphology through multiple mechanisms without alteration in the underlying DNA sequences. Different epigenetic mechanisms include chromatin condensation, post-translational modification of histone proteins, DNA cytosine marks, and the activity of non-coding RNA molecules. Epigenetics play key roles in development, stem cell differentiation, and have high impact in human disease. In this review, we will discuss our current knowledge about these epigenetic mechanisms, with a focus on histone and DNA marks. We will then talk about the genetics and epigenetics of embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation into neural stem cells, and further into specific neuronal cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan M Olynik
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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35
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Quantitative methylation analysis of HOXA3, 7, 9, and 10 genes in glioma: association with tumor WHO grade and clinical outcome. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2011; 138:35-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-011-1070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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36
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Tabuse M, Ohta S, Ohashi Y, Fukaya R, Misawa A, Yoshida K, Kawase T, Saya H, Thirant C, Chneiweiss H, Matsuzaki Y, Okano H, Kawakami Y, Toda M. Functional analysis of HOXD9 in human gliomas and glioma cancer stem cells. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:60. [PMID: 21600039 PMCID: PMC3118386 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background HOX genes encode a family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors involved in the determination of cell fate and identity during embryonic development. They also behave as oncogenes in some malignancies. Results In this study, we found high expression of the HOXD9 gene transcript in glioma cell lines and human glioma tissues by quantitative real-time PCR. Using immunohistochemistry, we observed HOXD9 protein expression in human brain tumor tissues, including astrocytomas and glioblastomas. To investigate the role of HOXD9 in gliomas, we silenced its expression in the glioma cell line U87 using HOXD9-specific siRNA, and observed decreased cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and induction of apoptosis. It was suggested that HOXD9 contributes to both cell proliferation and/or cell survival. The HOXD9 gene was highly expressed in a side population (SP) of SK-MG-1 cells that was previously identified as an enriched-cell fraction of glioma cancer stem-like cells. HOXD9 siRNA treatment of SK-MG-1 SP cells resulted in reduced cell proliferation. Finally, we cultured human glioma cancer stem cells (GCSCs) from patient specimens found with high expression of HOXD9 in GCSCs compared with normal astrocyte cells and neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). Conclusions Our results suggest that HOXD9 may be a novel marker of GCSCs and cell proliferation and/or survival factor in gliomas and glioma cancer stem-like cells, and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Tabuse
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Gaspar N, Marshall L, Perryman L, Bax DA, Little SE, Viana-Pereira M, Sharp SY, Vassal G, Pearson AD, Reis RM, Hargrave D, Workman P, Jones C. MGMT-independent temozolomide resistance in pediatric glioblastoma cells associated with a PI3-kinase-mediated HOX/stem cell gene signature. Cancer Res 2010; 70:9243-52. [PMID: 20935218 PMCID: PMC3935452 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sensitivity to temozolomide is restricted to a subset of glioblastoma patients, with the major determinant of resistance being a lack of promoter methylation of the gene encoding the repair protein DNA methyltransferase MGMT, although other mechanisms are thought to be active. There are, however, limited preclinical data in model systems derived from pediatric glioma patients. We screened a series of cell lines for temozolomide efficacy in vitro, and investigated the differential mechanisms of resistance involved. In the majority of cell lines, a lack of MGMT promoter methylation and subsequent protein overexpression were linked to temozolomide resistance. An exception was the pediatric glioblastoma line KNS42. Expression profiling data revealed a coordinated upregulation of HOX gene expression in resistant lines, especially KNS42, which was reversed by phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway inhibition. High levels of HOXA9/HOXA10 gene expression were associated with a shorter survival in pediatric high-grade glioma patient samples. Combination treatment in vitro of pathway inhibition and temozolomide resulted in a highly synergistic interaction in KNS42 cells. The resistance gene signature further included contiguous genes within the 12q13-q14 amplicon, including the Akt enhancer PIKE, significantly overexpressed in the KNS42 line. These cells were also highly enriched for CD133 and other stem cell markers. We have thus shown an in vitro link between phosphoinositide 3-kinase-mediated HOXA9/HOXA10 expression, and a drug-resistant, progenitor cell phenotype in MGMT-independent pediatric glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Gaspar
- Paediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
- Pharmacology and New Treatments of Cancer, Institut de Cancérologie Gustav Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Lynley Marshall
- Paediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
- Paediatric Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Lara Perryman
- Paediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Dorine A. Bax
- Paediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | | | - Marta Viana-Pereira
- Paediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Swee Y. Sharp
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Gilles Vassal
- Pharmacology and New Treatments of Cancer, Institut de Cancérologie Gustav Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Andrew D.J. Pearson
- Paediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
- Paediatric Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Rui M. Reis
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Darren Hargrave
- Paediatric Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Paul Workman
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Chris Jones
- Paediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
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Guan Y, Mizoguchi M, Yoshimoto K, Hata N, Shono T, Suzuki SO, Araki Y, Kuga D, Nakamizo A, Amano T, Ma X, Hayashi K, Sasaki T. MiRNA-196 is upregulated in glioblastoma but not in anaplastic astrocytoma and has prognostic significance. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:4289-97. [PMID: 20601442 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE MicroRNAs (miRNA) are short noncoding RNAs that can play critical roles in diverse biological processes. They are implicated in tumorigenesis and function both as tumor suppressors and as oncogenes. The clinical significance of miRNA expression profiles in malignant gliomas remains unclear. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this study, we examined the expression levels of 365 mature human miRNAs in 12 malignant gliomas, including 8 glioblastomas and 4 anaplastic astrocytomas, using TaqMan real-time quantitative PCR arrays. A validation study was done to corroborate a subset of the results, including expression levels of miR-196a, -196b, -21, and -15b, by analyzing 92 malignant gliomas by conventional real-time PCR. We modeled the relationship between the expression levels of these miRNAs and the survival rate of 39 glioblastoma patients by Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Expression profiles in glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas suggested that 16 miRNAs were candidate markers associated with the malignant progression of gliomas. Among them, miR-196a showed the most significant difference (P = 0.0038), with miR-196b also having a high significance (P = 0.0371). Both miRNAs showed increased expression levels in glioblastomas relative to both anaplastic astrocytomas and normal brains in the validation study. Furthermore, patients with high miR-196 expression levels showed significantly poorer survival by the Kaplan-Meier method (P = 0.0073). Multivariate analysis showed that miR-196 expression levels were an independent predictor of overall survival in all 39 glioblastoma patients (P = 0.021; hazard ratio, 2.81). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that miR-196 may play a role in the malignant progression of gliomas and may be a prognostic predictor in glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuropathology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Barber BA, Rastegar M. Epigenetic control of Hox genes during neurogenesis, development, and disease. Ann Anat 2010; 192:261-74. [PMID: 20739155 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2010.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The process of mammalian development is established through multiple complex molecular pathways acting in harmony at the genomic, proteomic, and epigenomic levels. The outcome is profoundly influenced by the role of epigenetics through transcriptional regulation of key developmental genes. Epigenetics refer to changes in gene expression that are inherited through mechanisms other than the underlying DNA sequence, which control cellular morphology and identity. It is currently well accepted that epigenetics play central roles in regulating mammalian development and cellular differentiation by dictating cell fate decisions via regulation of specific genes. Among these genes are the Hox family members, which are master regulators of embryonic development and stem cell differentiation and their mis-regulation leads to human disease and cancer. The Hox gene discovery led to the establishment of a fundamental role for basic genetics in development. Hox genes encode for highly conserved transcription factors from flies to humans that organize the anterior-posterior body axis during embryogenesis. Hox gene expression during development is tightly regulated in a spatiotemporal manner, partly by chromatin structure and epigenetic modifications. Here, we review the impact of different epigenetic mechanisms in development and stem cell differentiation with a clear focus on the regulation of Hox genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Barber
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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Gopalakrishna-Pillai S, Iverson LE. Astrocytes derived from trisomic human embryonic stem cells express markers of astrocytic cancer cells and premalignant stem-like progenitors. BMC Med Genomics 2010; 3:12. [PMID: 20423517 PMCID: PMC2873256 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-3-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trisomic variants of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) arise spontaneously in culture. Although trisomic hESCs share many properties with diploid hESCs, they also exhibit features of cancer stem cells. Since most hESC-based therapies will utilize differentiated derivatives, it is imperative to investigate the potential of trisomic hESCs to undergo malignant transformation during differentiation prior to their use in the clinical setting. METHODS Diploid and trisomic hESCs were differentiated into astrocytic progenitors cells (APCs), RNA extracted and hybridized to human exon-specific microarrays. Global gene expression profiles of diploid and trisomic APCs were compared to that of an astrocytoma cell line and glioblastoma samples, analyzed by others, using the same microarray platform. RESULTS Bioinformatic analysis of microarray data indicates that differentiated trisomic APCs exhibit global expression profiles with similarities to the malignant astrocytoma cell line. An analogous trend is observed in comparison to glioblastoma samples indicating that trisomic APCs express markers of astrocytic cancer cells. The analysis also allowed identification of transcripts predicted to be differentially expressed in brain tumor stem cells. These data indicate that in vitro differentiation of trisomic hESCs along astrocytic pathways give rise to cells exhibiting properties of premalignant astrocytic stem/progenitor cells. CONCLUSIONS Given their occult nature, opportunities to study premalignant stem/progenitor cells in human have been few. The ability to propagate and direct the differentiation of aneuploid hESCs provides a powerful in vitro system for investigating biological properties of human cells exhibiting features of premalignant stem cells. This in vitro culture system can be used to elucidate changes in gene expression occurring enroute to malignant transformation and to identify molecular markers of cancer stem/progenitor cells. These markers are invaluable for diagnostic purposes and may be novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Zhao Y, Xiao A, diPierro CG, Carpenter JE, Abdel-Fattah R, Redpath GT, Lopes MBS, Hussaini IM. An extensive invasive intracranial human glioblastoma xenograft model: role of high level matrix metalloproteinase 9. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 176:3032-49. [PMID: 20413683 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The lack of an intracranial human glioma model that recapitulates the extensive invasive and hypervascular features of glioblastoma (GBM) is a major hurdle for testing novel therapeutic approaches against GBM and studying the mechanism of GBM invasive growth. We characterized a high matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expressing U1242 MG intracranial xenograft mouse model that exhibited extensive individual cells and cell clusters in a perivascular and subpial cellular infiltrative pattern, geographic necrosis and infiltrating tumor-induced vascular proliferation closely resembling the human GBM phenotype. MMP-9 silencing cells with short hairpin RNA dramatically blocked the cellular infiltrative pattern, hypervascularity, and cell proliferation in vivo, and decreased cell invasion, colony formation, and cell motility in vitro, indicating that a high level of MMP-9 plays an essential role in extensive infiltration and hypervascularity in the xenograft model. Moreover, epidermal growth factor (EGF) failed to stimulate MMP-9 expression, cell invasion, and colony formation in MMP-9-silenced clones. An EGF receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitor, a RasN17 dominant-negative construct, MEK and PI3K inhibitors significantly blocked EGF/EGFR-stimulated MMP-9, cell invasion, and colony formation in U1242 MG cells, suggesting that MMP-9 is involved in EGFR/Ras/MEK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-mediated cell invasion and anchorage-independent growth in U1242 MG cells. Our data indicate that the U1242 MG xenograft model is valuable for studying GBM extensive invasion and angiogenesis as well as testing anti-invasive and anti-angiogenic therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunge Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Dou T, Wu Q, Chen X, Ribas J, Ni X, Tang C, Huang F, Zhou L, Lu D. A polymorphism of microRNA196a genome region was associated with decreased risk of glioma in Chinese population. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2010; 136:1853-9. [PMID: 20229273 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-010-0844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Aberrant expression and structural alternation of miRNAs are considered to participate in tumorigenesis and cancer development. Recently, different genotypes of miR-196a polymorphisms (SNP, rs11614913) were found to be associated with the survival of patients with lung cancer and increased risk of breast cancer. To further investigate whether this polymorphism may influence glioma risk or not, we examined the SNP allele frequency in Chinese population. Our data shows the genotype CC of miR-196a (rs11614913) polymorphism is associated with decreased risk of glioma in the Chinese population (OR = 0.74, 95% CI:0.56-0.98). Furthermore, a significant association was observed between this genotype and glioma risk in the subgroups of adult glioma (OR = 0.73, 95% CI:0.55-0.98), male glioma (OR = 0.69, 95% CI:0.48-0.99) and patients with glioblastoma (OR = 0.58, 95% CI:0.37-0.91). This was the first study investigating the association between the miR-196a rs11614913 and glioma risk. Compared with the results from previous studies in lung cancer and breast cancer, our data suggest a different genotype association in glioma. This may be related to the diversity on the tissue origin, tumor type, tumorigenesis, and developing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghai Dou
- Department of Microbiology School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Costa BM, Smith JS, Chen Y, Chen J, Phillips HS, Aldape KD, Zardo G, Nigro J, James CD, Fridlyand J, Reis RM, Costello JF. Reversing HOXA9 oncogene activation by PI3K inhibition: epigenetic mechanism and prognostic significance in human glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2010; 70:453-62. [PMID: 20068170 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
HOXA genes encode critical transcriptional regulators of embryonic development that have been implicated in cancer. In this study, we documented functional relevance and mechanism of activation of HOXA9 in glioblastoma (GBM), the most common malignant brain tumor. Expression of HOXA genes was investigated using reverse transcription-PCR in primary gliomas and glioblastoma cell lines and was validated in two sets of expression array data. In a subset of GBM, HOXA genes are aberrently activated within confined chromosomal domains. Transcriptional activation of the HOXA cluster was reversible by a phosphoinostide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor through an epigenetic mechanism involving histone H3K27 trimethylation. Functional studies of HOXA9 showed its capacity to decrease apoptosis and increase cellular proliferation along with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-including ligand resistance. Notably, aberrant expression of HOXA9 was independently predictive of shorter overall and progression-free survival in two GBM patient sets and improved survival prediction by MGMT promoter methylation. Thus, HOXA9 activation is a novel, independent, and negative prognostic marker in GBM that is reversible through a PI3K-associated epigenetic mechanism. Our findings suggest a transcriptional pathway through which PI3K activates oncogenic HOXA expression with implications for mTOR or PI3K targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M Costa
- The Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-9001, USA
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Cantile M, Franco R, Tschan A, Baumhoer D, Zlobec I, Schiavo G, Forte I, Bihl M, Liguori G, Botti G, Tornillo L, Karamitopoulou-Diamantis E, Terracciano L, Cillo C. HOX D13 expression across 79 tumor tissue types. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:1532-41. [PMID: 19488988 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
HOX genes control normal development, primary cellular processes and are characterized by a unique genomic network organization. Locus D HOX genes play an important role in limb generation and mesenchymal condensation. Dysregulated HOXD13 expression has been detected in breast cancer, melanoma, cervical cancer and astrocytomas. We have investigated the epidemiology of HOXD13 expression in human tissues and its potential deregulation in the carcinogenesis of specific tumors. HOXD13 homeoprotein expression has been detected using microarray technology comprising more than 4,000 normal and neoplastic tissue samples including 79 different tumor categories. Validation of HOXD13 expression has been performed, at mRNA level, for selected tumor types. Significant differences are detectable between specific normal tissues and corresponding tumor types with the majority of cancers showing an increase in HOXD13 expression (16.1% normal vs. 57.7% cancers). In contrast, pancreas and stomach tumor subtypes display the opposite trend. Interestingly, detection of the HOXD13 homeoprotein in pancreas-tissue microarrays shows that its negative expression has a significant and adverse effect on the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer independent of the T or N stage at the time of diagnosis. Our study provides, for the first time, an overview of a HOX protein expression in a large series of normal and neoplastic tissue types, identifies pancreatic cancer as one of the most affected by the HOXD13 hoemoprotein and underlines the way homeoproteins can be associated to human cancerogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cantile
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy
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45
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Gu ZD, Shen LY, Wang H, Chen XM, Li Y, Ning T, Chen KN. HOXA13 promotes cancer cell growth and predicts poor survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 2009; 69:4969-73. [PMID: 19491265 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Homeobox genes are known to be classic examples of the intimate relationship between embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. Here, we investigated whether inhibition of HOXA13, a member of the homeobox genes, was sufficient to affect the proliferation of esophageal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and studied the association between HOXA13 expression and survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). HOXA13 expression was permanently knocked down using an RNA interference technique, and cell strain with stable knockdown of HOXA13 protein was established. Colony formation assay showed that the number of colonies in HOXA13 protein-deficient cells was significantly less than that of control cells (P < 0.01). Tumor growth in nude mice showed that the weight and volume of tumors from the HOXA13 knockdown cells was significantly less than that from the control cells (P < 0.01). Then, HOXA13 expression in ESCC specimens and paired noncancerous mucosa was detected by immunohistochemistry, and overexpression of HOXA13 was found to be more pronounced in ESCCs than paired noncancerous mucosa (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the association of HOXA13 expression and disease-free survival time was analyzed in 155 ESCC cases. The median survival time of patients expressing HOXA13 was significantly shorter than HOXA13-negative patients (P = 0.0006). Multivariate analysis indicated that tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and HOXA13 expression were independent predictors of disease-free survival time of patients with ESCC. Our results showed that HOXA13 expression enhanced tumor growth in vitro and in vivo, and was a negative independent predictor of disease-free survival of patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Dong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, PR China
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Lau CL, Zhao Y, Kim J, Kron IL, Sharma A, Yang Z, Laubach VE, Linden J, Ailawadi G, Pinsky DJ. Enhanced fibrinolysis protects against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 137:1241-8. [PMID: 19379998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ischemia-reperfusion injury continues to plague the field of lung transplantation, resulting in suboptimal outcomes. In acute lung injury, processes such as ventilator-induced injury, sepsis, or acute respiratory distress syndrome, extravascular fibrin has been shown to promote lung dysfunction and the acute inflammatory response. This study investigates the role of the fibrinolytic cascade in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury and investigates the interplay between the fibrinolytic system and the inflammatory response. METHODS Mice lacking the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene (PAI-1 knock out, PAI-1 KO; and thus increased lysis of endogenous fibrin) and wild-type mice underwent in situ left lung ischemia and reperfusion. Fibrin content in the lung was evaluated by immunoblotting. Reperfusion injury was assessed by histologic and physiologic parameters. Proinflammatory mediators were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS Ischemia-reperfusion causes fibrin deposition in murine lungs. Less fibrin was seen in PAI-1 KO mice than in wild-type mice subjected to the same ischemia-reperfusion conditions. By histologic criteria, more evidence of ischemia-reperfusion injury was noted (thickening of the interstium, cellular infiltration in the alveoli) in the wild-type than in PAI-1 KO mice. Physiologic parameters also revealed more ischemia-reperfusion injury in the wild-type than in PAI-1 KO mice. Cytokine and chemokines were elevated more in the wild-type group than the PAI-1 KO group. CONCLUSIONS Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury triggers fibrin deposition in the murine lungs and fibrin creates a proinflammatory environment. Preventing fibrin deposition may reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury and inflammation. This finding may lead to novel treatment strategies for ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Lau
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va., USA
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Murat A, Migliavacca E, Gorlia T, Lambiv WL, Shay T, Hamou MF, de Tribolet N, Regli L, Wick W, Kouwenhoven MCM, Hainfellner JA, Heppner FL, Dietrich PY, Zimmer Y, Cairncross JG, Janzer RC, Domany E, Delorenzi M, Stupp R, Hegi ME. Stem cell-related "self-renewal" signature and high epidermal growth factor receptor expression associated with resistance to concomitant chemoradiotherapy in glioblastoma. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:3015-24. [PMID: 18565887 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.15.7164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 548] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastomas are notorious for resistance to therapy, which has been attributed to DNA-repair proficiency, a multitude of deregulated molecular pathways, and, more recently, to the particular biologic behavior of tumor stem-like cells. Here, we aimed to identify molecular profiles specific for treatment resistance to the current standard of care of concomitant chemoradiotherapy with the alkylating agent temozolomide. PATIENTS AND METHODS Gene expression profiles of 80 glioblastomas were interrogated for associations with resistance to therapy. Patients were treated within clinical trials testing the addition of concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide to radiotherapy. RESULTS An expression signature dominated by HOX genes, which comprises Prominin-1 (CD133), emerged as a predictor for poor survival in patients treated with concomitant chemoradiotherapy (n = 42; hazard ratio = 2.69; 95% CI, 1.38 to 5.26; P = .004). This association could be validated in an independent data set. Provocatively, the HOX cluster was reminiscent of a "self-renewal" signature (P = .008; Gene Set Enrichment Analysis) recently characterized in a mouse leukemia model. The HOX signature and EGFR expression were independent prognostic factors in multivariate analysis, adjusted for the O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation status, a known predictive factor for benefit from temozolomide, and age. Better outcome was associated with gene clusters characterizing features of tumor-host interaction including tumor vascularization and cell adhesion, and innate immune response. CONCLUSION This study provides first clinical evidence for the implication of a "glioma stem cell" or "self-renewal" phenotype in treatment resistance of glioblastoma. Biologic mechanisms identified here to be relevant for resistance will guide future targeted therapies and respective marker development for individualized treatment and patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Murat
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Genetics, Centre Universitaire Romand de Neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
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Hox-D genes expression in pediatric low-grade gliomas: real-time-PCR study. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2008; 29:1-6. [PMID: 18404365 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-008-9282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
HOX genes encode transcription factors, which play a key role in morphogenesis and cell differentiation during embryogenesis. Several observations indicate that a deregulated expression of these genes may result in tumor development and progression. Actually, several HOX genes are aberrantly expressed in many tumors and cell lines derived from them. Little is known about the expression of HOX genes in brain tumors. In the present work, we study the relative expression of HOX-D genes (D1, D3, D4, D8, D9, D10, D11, D12, D13) with real-time polymerase chain reaction in a group of 14 pediatric low-grade gliomas. We compare the HOX-D expression level of the 14 tumors with the average expression level of six non-neoplastic human brain tissues. HOX-D1 and HOX-D12 resulted over-expressed in neoplastic samples with respect to non-neoplastic brain parenchyma. Conversely, HOX-D3 was expressed at a lower level in gliomas with respect to non-neoplastic brain. HOX-D4, HOX-D11, and HOX-D13 were never expressed. HOX-D8, HOX-D9, and HOX-D10 were exceptionally expressed in non-neoplastic samples and irregularly expressed in tumors. The observation that all but three HOX-D genes studied are expressed with different pattern in neoplastic and non-neoplastic brain tissue may support the hypothesis that HOX-D genes play a role in the pathogenesis of pediatric low-grade gliomas.
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Okamoto OK, Oba-Shinjo SM, Lopes L, Nagahashi Marie SK. Expression of HOXC9 and E2F2 are up-regulated in CD133+ cells isolated from human astrocytomas and associate with transformation of human astrocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 1769:437-42. [PMID: 17588684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbaexp.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Revised: 04/28/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Comparative analysis of cancer stem cells with their neoplastic and non-neoplastic counterparts should help better understand the underlying molecular events leading to transformation and tumor dissemination. Here, we report a molecular signature comprised by genes with exclusive aberrant expression in CD133(+) cells, a reported subpopulation of tumorigenic stem-like cells, isolated from human glioblastomas. Microarrays covering 55,000 transcripts were used to compare gene expression profiles in purified subpopulations of CD133(+) and CD133(-) GBM cells. Sixteen genes, many of which not previously associated with astrocytomas, were found aberrantly expressed in CD133(+) cells, but not in CD133(-), when compared with corresponding non-neoplastic controls. Up-regulation of two of such genes, E2F2 and HOXC9, was detected in a set of 54 astrocytomas of different grades and significantly associated with malignancy. Due to their distinctive expression in CD133(+) cells, the use of E2F2 and HOXC9 as therapeutic targets for tumor eradication is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswaldo K Okamoto
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, CEP 04023-900, Brazil.
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Gaur A, Jewell DA, Liang Y, Ridzon D, Moore JH, Chen C, Ambros VR, Israel MA. Characterization of microRNA expression levels and their biological correlates in human cancer cell lines. Cancer Res 2007; 67:2456-68. [PMID: 17363563 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 550] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that function by regulating target gene expression posttranscriptionally. They play a critical role in developmental and physiologic processes and are implicated in the pathogenesis of several human diseases including cancer. We examined the expression profiles of 241 human microRNAs in normal tissues and the NCI-60 panel of human tumor-derived cell lines. To quantify microRNA expression, we employed a highly sensitive technique that uses stem-loop primers for reverse transcription followed by real-time PCR. Most microRNAs were expressed at lower levels in tumor-derived cell lines compared with the corresponding normal tissue. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis of microRNA expression revealed four groups among the NCI-60 cell lines consisting of hematologic, colon, central nervous system, and melanoma tumor-derived cell lines clustered in a manner that reflected their tissue of origin. We identified specific subsets of microRNAs that provide candidate molecular signatures characteristic of the tumor-derived cell lines belonging to these four clusters. We also identified specific microRNA expression patterns that correlated with the proliferation indices of the NCI-60 cell lines, and we developed evidence for the identification of specific microRNAs as candidate oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in different tumor types. Our results provide evidence that microRNA expression patterns may mark specific biological characteristics of tumors and/or mediate biological activities important for the pathobiology of malignant tumors. These findings call attention to the potential of microRNAs to provide etiologic insights as well as to serve as both diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for many different tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Gaur
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03755, USA
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