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Identification of Dysregulated Expression of G Protein Coupled Receptors in Endocrine Tumors by Bioinformatics Analysis: Potential Drug Targets? Cells 2022; 11:cells11040703. [PMID: 35203352 PMCID: PMC8870215 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many studies link G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to cancer. Some endocrine tumors are unresponsive to standard treatment and/or require long-term and poorly tolerated treatment. This study explored, by bioinformatics analysis, the tumoral profiling of the GPCR transcriptome to identify potential targets in these tumors aiming at drug repurposing. Methods: We explored the GPCR differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from public datasets (Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)). The GEO datasets were available for two medullary thyroid cancers (MTCs), eighty-seven pheochromocytomas (PHEOs), sixty-one paragangliomas (PGLs), forty-seven pituitary adenomas and one-hundred-fifty adrenocortical cancers (ACCs). The TCGA dataset covered 92 ACCs. We identified GPCRs targeted by approved drugs from pharmacological databases (ChEMBL and DrugBank). Results: The profiling of dysregulated GPCRs was tumor specific. In MTC, we found 14 GPCR DEGs, including an upregulation of the dopamine receptor (DRD2) and adenosine receptor (ADORA2B), which were the target of many drugs. In PGL, seven GPCR genes were downregulated, including vasopressin receptor (AVPR1A) and PTH receptor (PTH1R), which were targeted by approved drugs. In ACC, PTH1R was also downregulated in both the GEO and TCGA datasets and was the target of osteoporosis drugs. Conclusions: We highlight specific GPCR signatures across the major endocrine tumors. These data could help to identify new opportunities for drug repurposing.
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2
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Sun Y, Wang W, Zhao C. Frizzled Receptors in Tumors, Focusing on Signaling, Roles, Modulation Mechanisms, and Targeted Therapies. Oncol Res 2020; 28:661-674. [PMID: 32998794 PMCID: PMC7962935 DOI: 10.3727/096504020x16014648664459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt molecules play crucial roles in development and adult homeostasis through their receptors Frizzled proteins (Fzds). Fzds mediate canonical β-catenin pathway and various noncanonical β-catenin-independent pathways. Aberrant Fzd signaling is involved in many diseases including cancer. Wnt/β-catenin is a well-established oncogenic pathway involved in almost every aspect of tumor development. However, Fzd-mediated noncanonical Wnt pathways function as both tumor promoters and tumor suppressors depending on cellular context. Fzd-targeted therapies have proven to be effective on cultured tumor cells, tumor cell xenografts, mouse tumor models, and patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Moreover, Fzd-targeted therapies synergize with chemotherapy in preclinical models. However, the occurrence of fragility fractures in patients treated with Fzd-targeted agents such as OMP-54F28 and OMP-18R5 limits the development of this combination. Along with new insights on signaling, roles, and modulation mechanisms of Fzds in human tumors, more Fzd-related therapeutic targets will be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical UniversityShenyangP.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical UniversityShenyangP.R. China
| | - Chenghai Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical UniversityShenyangP.R. China
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3
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Peng Q, Wang L, Zhao D, Lv Y, Wang H, Chen G, Wang J, Xu W. Overexpression of FZD1 is Associated with a Good Prognosis and Resistance of Sunitinib in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer 2019; 10:1237-1251. [PMID: 30854133 PMCID: PMC6400675 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Frizzled class receptor 1 (FZD1), a receptor for Wnt signaling pathway. Overexpression of FZD1 has been detected in many cancer tissues and cells resulting in tumor development and drug resistance. However, its expression status and prognostic merit in renal cancer still remains unclear. We screened the FZD1 mRNA in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) from TCGA database and Oncomine database. We then detected FZD1 mRNA expression in sunitinib-resistant cells and the corresponding parental cells by qRT-PCR. FZD1 level was significantly upregulated in renal cancer tissues, renal cancer cell lines and their corresponding sunitinib-resistant cells. FZD1 level was also associated with the clinicopathological characteristics of ccRCC patients that could discriminate metastasis, pathological stage, recurrence and prognosis in ccRCC patients. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve and the log-rank test revealed FZD1 was higher in lower clinical stage and grade that correlated with better overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in total and subgroups of ccRCC patients. Both univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis indicated that high FZD1 level was an independent predictor of good prognosis for OS (HR 0.569, P=0.001) and DFS (HR 0.559, P=0.036) in ccRCC patients. Using cBioportal program, less than 1% mutation in the patients with renal cancer was observed, the alterations in FZD1 were correlated with better OS (P=0.0404) in ccRCC patients. Finally, the result of KEGG pathway analysis predicted seven potential pathways that FZD1 and its related genes got involved in ccRCC, including Hippo signaling pathway. This indicated potential therapeutic targets of ccRCC. In conclusion, our results suggested that expression status of FZD1 had a diagnostic value and prognostic value in ccRCC patients, it also may serve as a potential drug target to relieve sunitinib resistance in renal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Peng
- Department of Urology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Urology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Danfeng Zhao
- Department of Urology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Lv
- Department of Urology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Department of Urology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Urology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Urology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Wanhai Xu
- Department of Urology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology, Harbin, P. R. China
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4
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Wingless modulates activator protein-1-mediated tumor invasion. Oncogene 2019; 38:3871-3885. [PMID: 30683884 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis begins with a subset of local tumor cells acquiring the potential to invade into surrounding tissues, and remains to be a major obstacle for cancer treatments. More than 90% of cancer patients died from tumor metastasis, instead of primary tumor growth. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays essential roles in promoting tumor formation, yet its function in regulating tumor metastasis and the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. Here we employed well-established Drosophila tumor models to investigate the regulating mechanism of Wingless (Wg) pathway in tumor invasion. Our results showed that Wg signaling is necessary and sufficient for cell polarity disruption-induced cell migration and molecular changes reminiscent of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, reducing Wg signaling suppressed lgl-/-/RasV12-induced tumor invasion, and cooperation between Arm and RasV12 is sufficient to induce tumor invasion. Mechanistically, we found that cell polarity disruption activates JNK signaling, which in turn upregulate wg expression through transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1). We identified a consensus AP-1 binding site located in the 2nd intron of wg, and confirmed that it is essential for AP-1 induced wg transcription both in vitro and in vivo. Lastly, we confirmed that the transcriptional activation of WNT by AP-1 is conserved in human cancer cells. These evidences reveal a positive role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in tumor invasion, and provide a conserved mechanism that connects JNK and Wnt signaling in regulating tumor progression.
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5
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Makhlouf AM, Chitikova Z, Pusztaszeri M, Berczy M, Delucinge-Vivier C, Triponez F, Meyer P, Philippe J, Dibner C. Identification of CHEK1, SLC26A4, c-KIT, TPO and TG as new biomarkers for human follicular thyroid carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45776-45788. [PMID: 27329729 PMCID: PMC5216760 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for preoperative biomarkers for thyroid malignancies, in particular for follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) diagnostics, is of utmost clinical importance. We thus aimed at screening for potential biomarker candidates for FTC. To evaluate dynamic alterations in molecular patterns as a function of thyroid malignancy progression, a comparative analysis was conducted in clinically distinct subgroups of FTC and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) nodules. NanoString analysis of FFPE samples was performed in 22 follicular adenomas, 56 FTC and 25 PDTC nodules, including oncocytic and non-oncocytic subgroups. The expression levels of CHEK1, c-KIT, SLC26A4, TG and TPO were significantly altered in all types of thyroid carcinomas. Based on collective changes of these biomarkers which correlating among each other, a predictive score has been established, allowing for discrimination between benign and FTC samples with high sensitivity and specificity. Additional transcripts related to thyroid function, cell cycle, circadian clock, and apoptosis regulation were altered in the more aggressive oncocytic subgroups only, with expression levels correlating with disease progression. Distinct molecular patterns were observed for oncocytic and non-oncocytic FTCs and PDTCs. A predictive score correlation coefficient based on collective alterations of identified here biomarkers might help to improve the preoperative diagnosis of FTC nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Makhlouf
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Zhanna Chitikova
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc Pusztaszeri
- Division of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Margaret Berczy
- Division of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Frederic Triponez
- Department of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Meyer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Philippe
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charna Dibner
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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6
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Brown K, Yang P, Salvador D, Kulikauskas R, Ruohola-Baker H, Robitaille AM, Chien AJ, Moon RT, Sherwood V. WNT/β-catenin signaling regulates mitochondrial activity to alter the oncogenic potential of melanoma in a PTEN-dependent manner. Oncogene 2017; 36:3119-3136. [PMID: 28092677 PMCID: PMC5467017 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant regulation of WNT/β-catenin signaling has a crucial role in the onset and progression of cancers, where the effects are not always predictable depending on tumor context. In melanoma, for example, models of the disease predict differing effects of the WNT/β-catenin pathway on metastatic progression. Understanding the processes that underpin the highly context-dependent nature of WNT/β-catenin signaling in tumors is essential to achieve maximal therapeutic benefit from WNT inhibitory compounds. In this study, we have found that expression of the tumor suppressor, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), alters the invasive potential of melanoma cells in response to WNT/β-catenin signaling, correlating with differing metabolic profiles. This alters the bioenergetic potential and mitochondrial activity of melanoma cells, triggered through regulation of pro-survival autophagy. Thus, WNT/β-catenin signaling is a regulator of catabolic processes in cancer cells, which varies depending on the metabolic requirements of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brown
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - P Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D Salvador
- Division of Cancer Research, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - R Kulikauskas
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - H Ruohola-Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A M Robitaille
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A J Chien
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R T Moon
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - V Sherwood
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.,Division of Cancer Research, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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7
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Su W, Mo Y, Wu F, Guo K, Li J, Luo Y, Ye H, Guo H, Li D, Yang Z. miR-135b reverses chemoresistance of non-small cell lung cancer cells by downregulation of FZD1. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:123-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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8
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Ding LC, Huang XY, Zheng FF, Xie J, She L, Feng Y, Su BH, Zheng DL, Lu YG. FZD2 inhibits the cell growth and migration of salivary adenoid cystic carcinomas. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:1006-12. [PMID: 25695658 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported that FZD2 regulates tumor biology in a complex manner. The aim of the present study was to identify the role of FZD2 in the cell growth and metastasis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinomas (SACCs). The expression of FZD2 in ACC-83 and ACC-LM cells were measured with real-time PCR. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of FZD2 in clinical SACC samples with or without metastasis. Cell proliferation and Transwell assays were performed to explore the effects of FZD2 on cell growth and migration following the silencing of FZD2 with small interference RNAs and the overexpression of FZD2 with plasmid. Our data showed that FZD2 was downregulated in ACC-LM cells, which are an adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line with high metastatic potential, compared to ACC-83 cells, which have low metastatic potential. Additionally, the expression of FZD2 was lower in SACC tissues with metastasis compared to SACC tissues without metastasis (P<0.05). Cell proliferation and migration of ACC-83 cells were increased after the knockdown of FZD2 and decreased following overexpression of FZD2. Knockdown of FZD2 downregulated the expression of PAI-1. Our results suggest that FZD2 may be a tumor suppressor gene in SACCs that inhibits cell growth and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Can Ding
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Huang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
| | - Fei-Fei Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
| | - Lin She
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Hua Su
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
| | - Da-Li Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, P.R. China
| | - You-Guang Lu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
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9
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Abstract
Since the initial discovery of the oncogenic activity of WNT1 in mouse mammary glands, our appreciation for the complex roles for WNT signalling pathways in cancer has increased dramatically. WNTs and their downstream effectors regulate various processes that are important for cancer progression, including tumour initiation, tumour growth, cell senescence, cell death, differentiation and metastasis. Although WNT signalling pathways have been difficult to target, improved drug-discovery platforms and new technologies have facilitated the discovery of agents that can alter WNT signalling in preclinical models, thus setting the stage for clinical trials in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie N Anastas
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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10
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Ueno K, Hirata H, Hinoda Y, Dahiya R. Frizzled homolog proteins, microRNAs and Wnt signaling in cancer. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:1731-40. [PMID: 22833265 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling pathways play important roles in tumorigenesis and are initiated by binding of Wnt to various receptors including frizzleds (FZDs). FZDs are one of several families of receptors comprised of FZD/LRP/ROR2/RYK in the Wnt signaling pathway. Expression of some FZD receptors are up regulated, thereby activating the Wnt signaling pathway and is correlated with cancer malignancy and patient outcomes (recurrence and survival) in many cancers. The FZD family contains ten genes in humans and their function has not been completely examined including the regulatory mechanisms of FZD genes in cancer. Knockdown of FZDs may suppress the Wnt signaling pathway resulting in decreased cell growth, invasion, motility and metastasis of cancer cells. Recently a number of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified and reported to be important in several cancers. MiRNAs regulate target gene expression at both the transcription and translation levels. The study of miRNA is a newly emerging field and promises to be helpful in understanding the pathogenesis of FZDs in cancer. In addition, miRNAs may be useful in regulating FZDs in cancer cells. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss current knowledge of the functional mechanisms of FZDs in cancer, including regulation by miRNAs and the potential for possible use of miRNAs and FZDs in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ueno
- Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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11
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Zhang H, Zhang X, Wu X, Li W, Su P, Cheng H, Xiang L, Gao P, Zhou G. Interference of Frizzled 1 (FZD1) reverses multidrug resistance in breast cancer cells through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Cancer Lett 2012; 323:106-113. [PMID: 22484497 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) represents a major obstacle in the successful treatment of breast cancer. The MDR1 gene is a direct target of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which controls tumor development. Overexpression of P-glycoprotein, encoded by the MDR1 gene, is one of the most common causes of MDR. We found that the Frizzled 1 (FZD1) protein, which is an essential component of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, is overexpressed in the multidrug resistant breast cancer cell subline MCF-7/ADM, coincident with MDR1/P-gp. FZD1 silencing induced down-regulation of MDR1/P-gp, restored sensitivity to four chemotherapy drugs, and significantly decreased cytoplasmic and nuclear β-catenin levels. FZD1 appears to mediate multidrug resistance by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Xiaojuan Wu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Peng Su
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Hongxia Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Lei Xiang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Gengyin Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
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12
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Lavra L, Rinaldo C, Ulivieri A, Luciani E, Fidanza P, Giacomelli L, Bellotti C, Ricci A, Trovato M, Soddu S, Bartolazzi A, Sciacchitano S. The loss of the p53 activator HIPK2 is responsible for galectin-3 overexpression in well differentiated thyroid carcinomas. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20665. [PMID: 21698151 PMCID: PMC3117790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an anti-apoptotic molecule involved in thyroid cells transformation. It is specifically overexpressed in thyroid tumour cells and is currently used as a preoperative diagnostic marker of thyroid malignancy. Gal-3 expression is downregulated by wt-p53 at the transcriptional level. In well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas (WDTCs) there is an unexplained paradoxical concomitant expression of Gal-3 and wt-p53. HIPK2 is a co-regulator of different transcription factors, and modulates basic cellular processes mainly through the activation of wt-p53. Since we demonstrated that HIPK2 is involved in p53-mediated Gal-3 downregulation, we asked whether HIPK2 deficiency might be responsible for such paradoxical Gal-3 overexpression in WDTC. Methodology/Principal Findings We analyzed HIPK2 protein and mRNA levels, as well as loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the HIPK2 locus (7q32-34), in thyroid tissue samples. HIPK2 protein levels were high in all follicular hyperplasias (FHs) analyzed. Conversely, HIPK2 was undetectable in 91.7% of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) and in 60.0% of follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs). HIPK2 mRNA levels were upregulated in FH compared to normal thyroid tissue (NTT), while PTC showed mean HIPK2 mRNA levels lower than FH and, in 61.5% of cases, also lower than NTT. We found LOH at HIPK-2 gene locus in 37.5% of PTCs, 14.3% of FTCs and 18.2% of follicular adenomas. To causally link these data with Gal-3 upregulation, we performed in vitro experiments, using the PTC-derived K1 cells, in which HIPK2 expression was manipulated by RNA interference (RNAi) or plasmid-mediated overexpression. HIPK2 RNAi was associated with Gal-3 upregulation, while HIPK2 overexpression with Gal-3 downregulation. Conclusions/Significance Our results indicate that HIPK2 expression and function are impaired in WDTCs, in particular in PTCs, and that this event explains Gal-3 overexpression typically observed in these types of tumours. Therefore, HIPK2 can be considered as a new tumour suppressor gene for thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Lavra
- Research Center, St. Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Rinaldo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Molecular Oncogenesis Laboratory, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Emidio Luciani
- Department of Pathology, St. Andrea Universitary Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Fidanza
- Research Center, St. Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Giacomelli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Bellotti
- Chair of Surgery, University of Rome “Sapienza”, St. Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Ricci
- Departement of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Trovato
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Policlinico “G Martino Universitary Hospital, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvia Soddu
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Molecular Oncogenesis Laboratory, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (S. Sciacchitano); (S. Soddu); (AB)
| | - Armando Bartolazzi
- Department of Pathology, St. Andrea Universitary Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Cellular and Molecular Tumour Pathology Laboratory, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (S. Sciacchitano); (S. Soddu); (AB)
| | - Salvatore Sciacchitano
- Research Center, St. Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Departement of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (S. Sciacchitano); (S. Soddu); (AB)
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13
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Chien HT, Liao CT, Huang SF, Chen IH, Liu TY, Jou YS, Wang HM, Hsieh LL. Clinical significance of genome-wide minimally deleted regions in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2011; 50:358-69. [PMID: 21344537 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has the highest rate of increase among male cancers in Taiwan. An understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this disease as well as the development of prognostic markers for the clinical management of this disease is very important. Thus, a systematic loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis was performed to define minimally deleted regions (MDRs) in 63 male OSCCs using 400 polymorphic microsatellite markers. For increasing reliability, genomic DNA was extracted from >90% tumor cells that had been purified by LCM, and only when a microsatellite marker provided LOH information in >30% of the OSCCs was there considered to be successful allelotyping. A correlation of the various MDRs with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis was carried out. In total, 32 MDRs were identified and ten were noted as novel. In addition, six MDRs were found to be associated with cigarette smoking. Among these markers, a loss of MDR c7r2 (7q32.2-q35) was significantly associated with poor disease-free survival (DFS) and ten MDRs were associated with allelic imbalance (AI) in tumors. Among the latter, a loss of MDR c14r1 (14q24.2-q32.12) and c11r1 (11q13.4-q25) had a synergistic effect on poor DFS and were able to reduce further the DFS rate in patients with MDR c7r2 loss. Taken together, the results generated in this study provide new insights that help with exploring the molecular mechanisms associated with OSCC tumorigenesis and cigarette smoking. They also should aid the development of potential prognostic markers for the clinical management of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Tzu Chien
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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14
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Aarhus M, Bruland O, Sætran HA, Mork SJ, Lund-Johansen M, Knappskog PM. Global gene expression profiling and tissue microarray reveal novel candidate genes and down-regulation of the tumor suppressor gene CAV1 in sporadic vestibular schwannomas. Neurosurgery 2011; 67:998-1019; discussion 1019. [PMID: 20881564 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0b013e3181ec7b71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vestibular nerve is the predilection site for schwannomas. Few transcriptomic studies have been performed on solely sporadic vestibular schwannomas (VSs). OBJECTIVE To detect genes with altered expression levels in sporadic VSs. METHODS We studied 25 VSs and 3 tibial nerves (controls) with the ABI 1700 microarray platform. Significance analysis of microarrays was performed to explore differential gene expression. Selected genes were validated with quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. A tissue microarray was constructed for immunohistochemistry. Neurofibromatosis type II cDNA was sequenced for mutations. RESULTS The VSs formed 2 clusters based on the total expression of 23,055 genes. Tumor size, previous Gamma Knife surgery, neurofibromatosis type II mutations, and cystic tumors were distributed equally in both. Significance analysis of microarrays detected 1650 differentially expressed genes. On the top 500 list, several cancer-related genes with an unrecognized role in VSs were down-regulated: CAV1, TGFB3, VCAM1, GLI1, GLI2, PRKAR2B, EPHA4, and FZD1. Immunohistochemistry showed no CAV1 expression in the VSs. The ERK pathway was the central core in the network linking the differentially expressed genes. The previously reported VS candidate genes SPARC, PLAT, and FGF1 were up-regulated. Nineteen of 25 VSs had NF2 mutations. CONCLUSION Using microarray technology, we identified novel genes and pathways with a putative role in VSs, confirmed previous candidate genes, and found cancer-related genes with no reported role in VSs. Among these, down-regulation of CAV1 at both the mRNA and protein levels is of particular interest because this tumor suppressor normally is expressed in Schwann cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Aarhus
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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15
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Lindner I, Hemdan NYA, Buchold M, Huse K, Bigl M, Oerlecke I, Ricken A, Gaunitz F, Sack U, Naumann A, Hollborn M, Thal D, Gebhardt R, Birkenmeier G. Alpha2-macroglobulin inhibits the malignant properties of astrocytoma cells by impeding beta-catenin signaling. Cancer Res 2010; 70:277-87. [PMID: 20048078 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Targets that could improve the treatment of brain tumors remain important to define. This study of a transformation-associated isoform of alpha2-macroglobulin (A2M*) and its interaction with the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) suggests a new mechanism for abrogating the malignant potential of astrocytoma cells. LRP1 bound A2M* found to be associated with an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, spheroid formation, and anchorage-independent growth. Transcriptional studies implicated effects on the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Notably, LRP1 antibodies could phenocopy the effects of A2M*. Our findings suggest a pathway of tumor suppression in astrocytoma that might be tractable to therapeutic exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Lindner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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16
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Lavra L, Ulivieri A, Rinaldo C, Dominici R, Volante M, Luciani E, Bartolazzi A, Frasca F, Soddu S, Sciacchitano S. Gal-3 is stimulated by gain-of-function p53 mutations and modulates chemoresistance in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. J Pathol 2009; 218:66-75. [PMID: 19199318 DOI: 10.1002/path.2510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an anti-apoptotic molecule of the beta-galactoside-binding lectin family. Gal-3 is down-regulated by wt-p53 and this repression is required for p53-induced apoptosis. Since poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas (PDTCs) and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATCs) frequently harbour p53 mutations, we asked whether Gal-3 expression and activity could be influenced by such mutations in these tumours. We found a positive correlation between Gal-3 expression and p53 mutation in human thyroids and in thyroid carcinoma cell lines (TCCLs) harbouring different p53 mutations. Gal-3 was over-expressed in most ATCs and TCCLs, especially those with the most frequently detected p53 mutation (p53(R273H)). Over-expression of p53(R273H) in two p53-null cells (SAOS-2 and SW-1736) as well as in two wt-p53-carrying TCCLs (TPC-1 and K1), stimulated Gal-3 expression, while interference with p53(R273H) endogenous expression in ARO cells down-regulated Gal-3 expression. Conversely, over-expression of wt-p53 in ARO cells restored the inhibitory effect on Gal-3 expression. ARO cells are highly resistant to apoptosis and express both p53 and Gal-3, which are increased upon cisplatin treatment. Interference with Gal-3 expression in these cells stimulated their chemosensitivity. In conclusion, gain-of-function p53 mutant acquires the de novo ability to stimulate Gal-3 expression and to increase chemoresistance in ATCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Lavra
- S. Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
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