1
|
Babu D, Chintal R, Panigrahi M, Phanithi PB. Distinct expression and function of breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 in mutant P53 glioblastoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:1451-1465. [PMID: 36284039 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant subtype of astrocytic tumors with the worst prognosis in all its progressive forms. Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) is a metastasis suppressor gene that controls malignancy in multiple tumors. As yet, however, its clinical and functional significance in mutant P53 GBM remains inconclusive. Here, we attempted to study the importance of BRMS1 in mutant P53 GBM. METHODS BRMS1 expression was evaluated in 74 human astrocytoma tissues by qRT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. BRMS1 expression in the astrocytoma tissues was correlated with clinicopathological parameters, the P53 mutation status and BRMS1 downstream targets, and compared with TCGA and NCI-60 datasets. siRNA-mediated knockdown of BRMS1 was performed in selected GBM cell lines to evaluate the functional role of BRMS1. RESULTS Our study revealed an enhanced expression of BRMS1 in GBM which was associated with a poor patient survival, and this observation was corroborated by the TCGA dataset. We also found a positive correlation between BRMS1 expression and a mutant P53 status in GBM which was associated with a poor prognosis. In vitro BRMS1 silencing reduced the growth of mutant P53 GBM cells and repressed their colonization and migration/invasion by modulating EGFR-AKT/NF-κB signaling. Transcriptional profiling revealed a positive and negative correlation of uPA and ING4 expression with BRMS1 expression, respectively. CONCLUSION Our data indicate upregulation of BRMS1 in high grade astrocytomas which correlates positively with mutant P53 and a poor patient survival. Silencing of BRMS1 in mutant P53 GBM cell lines resulted in a reduced cellular growth and migration/invasion by suppressing the EGFR-AKT/NF-kB signaling pathway. BRMS1 may serve as a predictive biomarker and therapeutic target in mutant P53 GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Babu
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Room No: F-23/F-71, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500 046, India
| | - Ramulu Chintal
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Room No: F-23/F-71, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500 046, India
| | - Manas Panigrahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, 500 003, Secunderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Prakash Babu Phanithi
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Room No: F-23/F-71, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500 046, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ntzifa A, Londra D, Rampias T, Kotsakis A, Georgoulias V, Lianidou E. DNA Methylation Analysis in Plasma Cell-Free DNA and Paired CTCs of NSCLC Patients before and after Osimertinib Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235974. [PMID: 34885084 PMCID: PMC8656722 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osimertinib has been an effective second-line treatment in EGFR mutant NSCLC patients; however, resistance inevitably occurs. DNA methylation has been previously implicated in NSCLC progression and often in therapy resistance, however its distinct role in osimertinib resistance is not elucidated as yet. In the present study, we directly compared DNA methylation of nine selected genes (RASSF1A, RASSF10, APC, WIF-1, BRMS1, SLFN11, RARβ, SHISA3, and FOXA1) in plasma-cfDNA and paired CTCs of NSCLC patients who were longitudinally monitored during osimertinib treatment. Peripheral blood (PB) from 42 NSCLC patients was obtained at two time points: (a) baseline: before treatment with osimertinib and (b) at progression of disease (PD). DNA methylation of the selected genes was detected in plasma-cfDNA (n = 80) and in paired CTCs (n = 74). Direct comparison of DNA methylation of six genes between plasma-cfDNA and paired CTC samples (n = 70) revealed a low concordance, indicating that CTCs and cfDNA give complementary information. DNA methylation analysis of plasma-cfDNA and CTCs indicated that when at least one of these genes was methylated there was a statistically significant increase at PD compared to baseline (p = 0.031). For the first time, DNA methylation analysis in plasma-cfDNA and paired CTCs of NSCLC patients during osimertinib therapy indicated that DNA methylation of these genes could be a possible resistance mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliki Ntzifa
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Lab, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (A.N.); (D.L.)
| | - Dora Londra
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Lab, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (A.N.); (D.L.)
| | - Theodoros Rampias
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Kotsakis
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Vassilis Georgoulias
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hellenic Oncology Research Group (HORG), 11471 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evi Lianidou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Lab, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (A.N.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-727-4311
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Despite high mortality rates, molecular understanding of metastasis remains limited. It can be regulated by both pro- and anti-metastasis genes. The metastasis suppressor, breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1), has been positively correlated with patient outcomes, but molecular functions are still being characterized. BRMS1 has been implicated in focal adhesion kinase (FAK), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and NF-κB signaling pathways. We review evidence that BRMS1 regulates these vast signaling pathways through chromatin remodeling as a member of mSin3 histone deacetylase complexes.
Collapse
|
4
|
Al-Yozbaki M, Jabre I, Syed NH, Wilson CM. Targeting DNA methyltransferases in non-small-cell lung cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:77-87. [PMID: 33486076 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advances in treatment using chemotherapy or targeted therapies, due to static survival rates, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Epigenetic-based therapies have been developed for NSCLC by targeting DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone-modifying enzymes. However, treatment using single epigenetic agents on solid tumours has been inadequate; whereas, treatment with a combination of DNMTs inhibitors with chemotherapy and immunotherapy has shown great promise. Dietary sources of phytochemicals could also inhibit DNMTs and cancer stem cells, representing a novel and promising way to prevent and treat cancer. Herein, we will discuss the different DNMTs, DNA methylation profiling in NSCLC as well as current demethylating agents in ongoing clinical trials. Therefore, providing a concise overview of future developments in the field of epigenetic therapy in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minnatallah Al-Yozbaki
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK
| | - Ibtissam Jabre
- Dept. of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Naeem H Syed
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK
| | - Cornelia M Wilson
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK; University of Liverpool, Institute of Translation Medicine, Dept of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Casalino L, Verde P. Multifaceted Roles of DNA Methylation in Neoplastic Transformation, from Tumor Suppressors to EMT and Metastasis. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E922. [PMID: 32806509 PMCID: PMC7463745 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the major mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis, DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification impacting both genomic stability and gene expression. Methylation of promoter-proximal CpG islands (CGIs) and transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressors represent the best characterized epigenetic changes in neoplastic cells. The global cancer-associated effects of DNA hypomethylation influence chromatin architecture and reactivation of repetitive elements. Moreover, recent analyses of cancer cell methylomes highlight the role of the DNA hypomethylation of super-enhancer regions critically controlling the expression of key oncogenic players. We will first summarize some basic aspects of DNA methylation in tumorigenesis, along with the role of dysregulated DNA methyltransferases and TET (Ten-Eleven Translocation)-family methylcytosine dioxygenases. We will then examine the potential contribution of epimutations to causality and heritability of cancer. By reviewing some representative genes subjected to hypermethylation-mediated silencing, we will survey their oncosuppressor functions and roles as biomarkers in various types of cancer. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the gain of stem-like properties are critically involved in cancer cell dissemination, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. However, the driver vs passenger roles of epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation in EMT, are still poorly understood. Therefore, we will focus our attention on several aspects of DNA methylation in control of EMT and metastasis suppressors, including both protein-coding and noncoding genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Casalino
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso”, CNR, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Verde
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso”, CNR, 80100 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cheng YY, Rath EM, Linton A, Yuen ML, Takahashi K, Lee K. The Current Understanding Of Asbestos-Induced Epigenetic Changes Associated With Lung Cancer. LUNG CANCER (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2020; 11:1-11. [PMID: 32021524 PMCID: PMC6955579 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s186843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral consisting of extremely fine fibres that can become trapped in the lungs after inhalation. Occupational and environmental exposures to asbestos are linked to development of lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma, a cancer of the lining surrounding the lung. This review discusses the factors that are making asbestos-induced lung cancer a continuing problem, including the extensive historic use of asbestos and decades long latency between exposure and disease development. Genomic mutations of DNA nucleotides and gene rearrangements driving lung cancer are well-studied, with biomarkers and targeted therapies already in clinical use for some of these mutations. The genes involved in these mutation biomarkers and targeted therapies are also involved in epigenetic mechanisms and are discussed in this review as it is hoped that identification of epigenetic aberrations in these genes will enable the same gene biomarkers and targeted therapies to be used. Currently, understanding of how asbestos fibres trapped in the lungs leads to epigenetic changes and lung cancer is incomplete. It has been shown that oxidoreduction reactions on fibre surfaces generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) which in turn damage DNA, leading to genetic and epigenetic alterations that reduce the activity of tumour suppressor genes. Epigenetic DNA methylation changes associated with lung cancer are summarised in this review, and some of these changes will be due to asbestos exposure. So far, little research has been carried out to separate the asbestos driven epigenetic changes from those due to non-asbestos causes of lung cancer. Asbestos-associated lung cancers exhibit less methylation variability than lung cancers in general, and in a large proportion of samples variability has been found to be restricted to promoter regions. Epigenetic aberrations in cancer are proving to be promising biomarkers for diagnosing cancers. It is hoped that further understanding of epigenetic changes in lung cancer can result in useful asbestos-associated lung cancer biomarkers to guide treatment. Research is ongoing into the detection of lung cancer epigenetic alterations using non-invasive samples of blood and sputum. These efforts hold the promise of non-invasive cancer diagnosis in the future. Efforts to reverse epigenetic aberrations in lung cancer by epigenetic therapies are ongoing but have not yet yielded success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Yee Cheng
- Asbestos Disease Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma M Rath
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony Linton
- Asbestos Disease Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Man Lee Yuen
- Asbestos Disease Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Asbestos Disease Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Asbestos Disease Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Galetta D, Pizzutilo P, Longo V. BRMS1 expression in resected lung adenocarcinoma. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2018; 7:S364-S366. [PMID: 30705857 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2018.09.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Galetta
- Medical Thoracic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Pamela Pizzutilo
- Medical Thoracic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Longo
- Medical Thoracic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Qiao X, Zhou Y, Xie W, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Tian T, Dou J, Yang X, Shen S, Hu J, Qiao S, Wu Y. Scinderin is a novel transcriptional target of BRMS1 involved in regulation of hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1008-1018. [PMID: 30034938 PMCID: PMC6048394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis suppressor factor BRMS1 can regulate the metastasis of breast cancer and other tumors. Here we report scinderin (SCIN) as a novel transcriptional target of BRMS1. SCIN protein belongs to the cytoskeletal gelsolin protein superfamily and its involvement in tumorigenesis remains largely illusive. An inverse correlation between the expression levels of BRMS1 and SCIN was observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and tissues. On the molecular level, BRMS1 binds to SCIN promoter and exerts a suppressive role in regulating SCIN transcription. FACS analysis and caspase 9 immunoblot reveal that knockdown of SCIN expression can sensitize HCC cells to chemotherapeutic drugs, leading to suppression of tumor growth in vivo. Consistently, overexpression of SCIN protects cells from apoptotic death, contributing to increased xenografted HCC cell growth. In summary, our study reveals SCIN as a functional apoptosis regulator as well as a novel target of BRMS1 during HCC tumorigenesis. Inhibition of SCIN might bring a potential cancer therapy approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Qiao
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yiren Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yicheng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Tian Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH89XD, Scotland
| | - Jianming Dou
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xi Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Suqin Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Hu
- Endoscopy Center and Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shouyi Qiao
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yanhua Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li G, Li L, Sun Q, Wu J, Ge W, Lu G, Cai M. MicroRNA-3200-5p Promotes Osteosarcoma Cell Invasion via Suppression of BRMS1. Mol Cells 2018; 41:523-531. [PMID: 29890825 PMCID: PMC6030248 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour metastasis is one of the most serious challenges of cancer as it is the major cause of mortality in patients with solid tumours, including osteosarcoma (OS). In this regard, anti-metastatic genes have potential for metastasis inhibition strategies. Recent evidence showed the importance of breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) in control of OS invasiveness, but the regulation of BRMS1 in OS remains largely unknown. Here, we used bioinformatics analyses to predict BRMS1-targeting microRNAs (miRNAs), and the functional binding of miRNAs to BRMS1 mRNA was evaluated using a dual luciferase reporter assay. Among all BRMS1-targeting miRNAs, only miR-151b, miR-7-5p and miR-3200-5p showed significant expression in OS specimens. Specifically, we found that only miR-3200-5p significantly inhibited protein translation of BRMS1 via pairing to the 3'-UTR of the BRMS1 mRNA. Moreover, we detected significantly lower BRMS1 and significantly higher miR-3200-5p in the OS specimens compared to the paired adjacent non-tumour bone tissues. Furthermore, BRMS1 and miR-3200-5p levels were inversely correlated to each other. Low BRMS1 was correlated with metastasis and poor patient survival. In vitro, overexpression of miR-3200-5p significantly decreased BRMS1 levels and promoted OS cell invasion and migration, while depletion of miR-3200-5p significantly increased BRMS1 levels and inhibited OS cell invasion and migration. Thus, our study revealed that miR-3200-5p may be a critical regulator of OS cell invasiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072,
China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433,
China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072,
China
| | - Jiezhou Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072,
China
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072,
China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072,
China
| | - Ming Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072,
China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Qiao X, Yang X, Zhou Y, Mei X, Dou J, Xie W, Li G, Wang Y, Qiao S, Hu J, Wu Y. Characterization of DAPK1 as a novel transcriptional target of BRMS1. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1760-1766. [PMID: 28339067 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) can specifically regulate tumor metastasis in many cancers. Our previous studies have demonstrated that BRMS1 can promote cell apoptosis through regulating osteopontin (OPN) expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. However, the transcriptional targets of BRMS1 have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1), a tumor suppressor gene with multiple roles in regulating cell death, was identified as a potential transcriptional target of BRMS1 in the whole genome expression microarray. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis of HCC cells overexpressing BRMS1 further confirmed the transcriptional regulation relationship between BRMS1 and DAPK1. Moreover, DAPK1 expression was frequently decreased or even lost in HCC tissue samples by comparison with neighboring pathologically normal liver tissue, which was consistent with the decreased BRMS1 expression pattern. To unravel the molecular mechanism of BRMS1 in regulating DAPK1, a series of deletion mutants of DAPK1 promoter was subjected to luciferase assay. The luciferase units of -200 to -80 bp region, with two tandem putative NF-κB binding sites, were specifically enhanced by BRMS1 expression. Site-directed mutants of NF-κB binding sites blocked the transcriptional activation effect. In addition, the binding capability of BRMS1 and the putative NF-κB binding sites were demonstrated in the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. In conclusion, our study characterized DAPK1 as a novel transcriptional target of BRMS1. Transcriptional activation of DAPK1 might be another important mechanism accounting for the metastasis suppressive activity of BRMS1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yiren Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yekai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Shouyi Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Hu
- Endoscopy Center and Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sun X, Wang M, Liu H, Wang J. MicroRNA-423 enhances the invasiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma via regulation of BRMS1. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:5576-5584. [PMID: 29312509 PMCID: PMC5752907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis portrayed the most serious challenges of cancer as it is the major cause of mortality in patients with solid tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this regard, anti-metastatic genes have a great potential for metastasis inhibition. Recent evidence pointed to a role of Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) in suppression of metastasis of several types of cancers, whereas the regulation of BRMS1 in HCC remains unknown. Here, we used bioinformatics analyses to predict BRMS1-targeting microRNAs (miRNAs), and evaluated the functional binding of miRNAs to BRMS1 mRNA using a dual luciferase reporter assay. Among all BRMS1-targeting miRNAs, we only detected significant expression of miR-626, miR-1289 and miR-423 in HCC specimens. Specifically, we found that only miR-423 significantly inhibited protein translation of BRMS1 via specific binding to 3'-UTR of the BRMS1 mRNA. Moreover, we detected significantly lower levels of BRMS1 and significantly higher levels of miR-423 in the HCC specimens, relative to paired adjacent non-tumor liver tissue. Furthermore, BRMS1 and miR-423 levels were correlated inversely. Overexpression of miR-423 significantly decreased BRMS1 levels and promoted HCC cell invasion, while depletion of miR-423 significantly increased BRMS1 levels and inhibited HCC cell invasion. This study sheds light on miR-423 as a crucial factor that enhances HCC cell invasiveness, and suggests miR-423 as a promising therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Linyi People's HospitalLinyi 276003, China
| | - Mingchun Wang
- Operating Department, Linyi People's HospitalLinyi 276003, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Nursing Department, Linyi People's HospitalLinyi 276003, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's HospitalLinyi 276003, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Roesley SNA, Suryadinata R, Morrish E, Tan AR, Issa SMA, Oakhill JS, Bernard O, Welch DR, Šarčević B. Cyclin-dependent kinase-mediated phosphorylation of breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) affects cell migration. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:137-51. [PMID: 26771717 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1121328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of Breast Cancer Metastasis Suppressor 1 (BRMS1) reduces the incidence of metastasis in many human cancers, without affecting tumorigenesis. BRMS1 carries out this function through several mechanisms, including regulation of gene expression by binding to the mSin3/histone deacetylase (HDAC) transcriptional repressor complex. In the present study, we show that BRMS1 is a novel substrate of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2) that is phosphorylated on serine 237 (S237). Although CDKs are known to regulate cell cycle progression, the mutation of BRMS1 on serine 237 did not affect cell cycle progression and proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells; however, their migration was affected. Phosphorylation of BRMS1 does not affect its association with the mSin3/HDAC transcriptional repressor complex or its transcriptional repressor activity. The serine 237 phosphorylation site is immediately proximal to a C-terminal nuclear localization sequence that plays an important role in BRMS1-mediated metastasis suppression but phosphorylation does not control BRMS1 subcellular localization. Our studies demonstrate that CDK-mediated phosphorylation of BRMS1 regulates the migration of tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nur Ain Roesley
- a Cell Cycle and Cancer Unit , St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research , Victoria , Australia.,b Department of Medicine , University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | | | - Emma Morrish
- a Cell Cycle and Cancer Unit , St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research , Victoria , Australia
| | | | - Samah M A Issa
- e Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research , Victoria , Australia
| | - Jonathan S Oakhill
- e Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research , Victoria , Australia
| | - Ora Bernard
- b Department of Medicine , University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Danny R Welch
- f Department of Cancer Biology and The University of Kansas Cancer Center , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA
| | - Boris Šarčević
- a Cell Cycle and Cancer Unit , St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research , Victoria , Australia.,b Department of Medicine , University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang Z, Liu F, Yang ZL. BRMS1 and HPA as Progression, Clinical Biological Behaviors, and Poor Prognosis–related Biomarkers for Gallbladder Adenocarcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2016. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
14
|
Liu Y, Amin EB, Mayo MW, Chudgar NP, Bucciarelli PR, Kadota K, Adusumilli PS, Jones DR. CK2α' Drives Lung Cancer Metastasis by Targeting BRMS1 Nuclear Export and Degradation. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2675-86. [PMID: 26980766 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) is decreased in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other solid tumors, and its loss correlates with increased metastases. We show that BRMS1 is posttranslationally regulated by TNF-induced casein kinase 2 catalytic subunit (CK2α') phosphorylation of nuclear BRMS1 on serine 30 (S30), resulting in 14-3-3ε-mediated nuclear exportation, increased BRMS1 cytosolic expression, and ubiquitin-proteasome-induced BRMS1 degradation. Using our in vivo orthotopic mouse model of lung cancer metastases, we found that mutation of S30 in BRMS1 or the use of the CK2-specific small-molecule inhibitor CX4945 abrogates CK2α'-induced cell migration and invasion and decreases NSCLC metastasis by 60-fold. Analysis of 160 human NSCLC specimens confirmed that tumor CK2α' and cytoplasmic BRMS1 expression levels are associated with increased tumor recurrence, metastatic foci, and reduced disease-free survival. Collectively, we identify a therapeutically exploitable posttranslational mechanism by which CK2α-mediated degradation of BRMS1 promotes metastases in lung cancer. Cancer Res; 76(9); 2675-86. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elianna B Amin
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marty W Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Neel P Chudgar
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Peter R Bucciarelli
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kyuichi Kadota
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Prasad S Adusumilli
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - David R Jones
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Welch D, Manton C, Hurst D. Breast Cancer Metastasis Suppressor 1 (BRMS1): Robust Biological and Pathological Data, But Still Enigmatic Mechanism of Action. Adv Cancer Res 2016; 132:111-37. [PMID: 27613131 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis requires coordinated expression of multiple genetic cassettes, often via epigenetic regulation of gene transcription. BRMS1 blocks metastasis, but not orthotopic tumor growth in multiple tumor types, presumably via SIN3 chromatin remodeling complexes. Although there is an abundance of strong data supporting BRMS1 as a metastasis suppressor, the mechanistic data directly connecting molecular pathways with inhibition of particular steps in metastasis are not well defined. In this review, the data for BRMS1-mediated metastasis suppression in multiple tumor types are discussed along with the steps in metastasis that are inhibited.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kodura MA, Souchelnytskyi S. Breast carcinoma metastasis suppressor gene 1 (BRMS1): update on its role as the suppressor of cancer metastases. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2015; 34:611-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-015-9583-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
17
|
Xing WJ, Liao XH, Wang N, Zhao DW, Zheng L, Zheng DL, Dong J, Zhang TC. MRTF-A and STAT3 promote MDA-MB-231 cell migration via hypermethylating BRSM1. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:202-17. [PMID: 25854163 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide which is closely related to metastasis. But the exact molecular mechanism of metastasis is still not fully understood. We now report that both MRTF-A and STAT3 play important roles in migration of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Moreover, MRTF-A and STAT3 synergistically increased MDA-MB-231 cell migration by promoting the expression of migration markers urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and osteopontin (OPN) and inhibiting the expression of breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1). Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that MRTF-A and STAT3 do not affect transcription of the BRMS1 promoter. Instead, we identified a newly molecular mechanism by which MRTF-A and STAT3 synergistically controlled MDA-MB-231 cell migration by recruiting DNMT1 to hypermethylate the promoter of BRMS1 and thus affect the expression of BRMS1. Interestingly, physical interaction between MRTF-A and STAT3 synergistically promotes the transactivity of DNMT1 by binding to the GAS element within the DNMT1 promoter. Our data thus provide important and novel insights into the roles of MRTF-A and STAT3 in regulating MDA-MB-231 cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Xing
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Loss of BRMS1 promotes a mesenchymal phenotype through NF-κB-dependent regulation of Twist1. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 35:303-17. [PMID: 25368381 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00869-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) is downregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and its reduction correlates with disease progression. Herein, we investigate the mechanisms through which loss of the BRMS1 gene contributes to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Using a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) system, we show that loss of BRMS1 promotes basal and transforming growth factor beta-induced EMT in NSCLC cells. NSCLC cells expressing BRMS1 shRNAs (BRMS1 knockdown [BRMS1(KD)]) display mesenchymal characteristics, including enhanced cell migration and differential regulation of the EMT markers. Mesenchymal phenotypes observed in BRMS1(KD) cells are dependent on RelA/p65, the transcriptionally active subunit of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrates that loss of BRMS1 increases Twist1 promoter occupancy of RelA/p65 K310-a key histone modification associated with increased transcription. Knockdown of Twist1 results in reversal of BRMS1(KD)-mediated EMT phenotypic changes. Moreover, in our animal model, BRMS1(KD)/Twist1(KD) double knockdown cells were less efficient in establishing lung tumors than BRMS1(KD) cells. Collectively, this study demonstrates that loss of BRMS1 promotes malignant phenotypes that are dependent on NF-κB-dependent regulation of Twist1. These observations offer fresh insight into the mechanisms through which BRMS1 regulates the development of metastases in NSCLC.
Collapse
|
19
|
Inhibition of breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 promotes a mesenchymal phenotype in lung epithelial cells that express oncogenic K-RasV12 and loss of p53. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95869. [PMID: 24763730 PMCID: PMC3999110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) protein is dramatically reduced in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and in primary human tumors. Although BRMS1 is a known suppressor of metastasis, the mechanisms through which BRMS1 functions to regulate cell migration and invasion in response to specific NSCLC driver mutations are poorly understood. To experimentally address this, we utilized immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells in which p53 was knocked down in the presence of oncogenic K-RasV12 (HBEC3-p53KD-K-RasV12). These genetic alterations are commonly found in NSCLC and are associated with a poor prognosis. To determine the importance of BRMS1 for cytoskeletal function, cell migration and invasion in our model system we stably knocked down BRMS1. Here, we report that loss of BRMS1 in HBEC3-p53KD-K-RasV12 cells results in a dramatic increase in cell migration and invasion compared to controls that expressed BRMS1. Moreover, the loss of BRMS1 resulted in additional morphological changes including F-actin re-distribution, paxillin accumulation at the leading edge of the lamellapodium, and cellular shape changes resembling mesenchymal phenotypes. Importantly, re-expression of BRMS1 restores, in part, cell migration and invasion; however it does not fully reestablish the epithelial phenotype. These finding suggests that loss of BRMS1 results in a permanent, largely irreversible, mesenchymal phenotype associated with increased cell migration and invasion. Collectively, in NSCLC cells without p53 and expression of oncogenic K-Ras our study identifies BRMS1 as a key regulator required to maintain a cellular morphology and cytoskeletal architecture consistent with an epithelial phenotype.
Collapse
|
20
|
Breast cancer metastasis suppressor-1 promoter methylation in cell-free DNA provides prognostic information in non-small cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2054-62. [PMID: 24642624 PMCID: PMC3992488 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast-cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) gene encodes for a predominantly nuclear protein that differentially regulates the expression of multiple genes, leading to suppression of metastasis without blocking orthotropic tumour growth. The aim of the present study was to evaluate for the first time the prognostic significance of BRMS1 promoter methylation in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) circulating in plasma of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Towards this goal, we examined the methylation status of BRMS1 promoter in NSCLC tissues, matched adjacent non-cancerous tissues and corresponding cfDNA as well as in an independent cohort of patients with advanced NSCLC and healthy individuals. METHODS Methylation of BRMS1 promoter was examined in 57 NSCLC tumours and adjacent non-cancerous tissues, in cfDNA isolated from 48 corresponding plasma samples, in cfDNA isolated from plasma of 74 patients with advanced NSCLC and 24 healthy individuals. RESULTS The BRMS1 promoter was highly methylated both in operable NSCLC primary tissues (59.6%) and in corresponding cfDNA (47.9%) but not in cfDNA from healthy individuals (0%), while it was also highly methylated in cfDNA from advanced NSCLC patients (63.5%). In operable NSCLC, Kaplan-Meier estimates were significantly different in favour of patients with non-methylated BRMS1 promoter in cfDNA, concerning both disease-free interval (DFI) (P=0.048) and overall survival (OS) (P=0.007). In advanced NSCLC, OS was significantly different in favour of patients with non-methylated BRMS1 promoter in their cfDNA (P=0.003). Multivariate analysis confirmed that BRMS1 promoter methylation has a statistical significant influence both on operable NSCLC patients' DFI time and OS and on advanced NSCLC patients' PFS and OS. CONCLUSIONS Methylation of BRMS1 promoter in cfDNA isolated from plasma of NSCLC patients provides important prognostic information and merits to be further evaluated as a circulating tumour biomarker.
Collapse
|
21
|
Fleischhacker M, Dietrich D, Liebenberg V, Field JK, Schmidt B. The role of DNA methylation as biomarkers in the clinical management of lung cancer. Expert Rev Respir Med 2014; 7:363-83. [DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2013.814397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
22
|
Liloglou T, Bediaga NG, Brown BR, Field JK, Davies MP. Epigenetic biomarkers in lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2014; 342:200-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
23
|
Khotskaya YB, Beck BH, Hurst DR, Han Z, Xia W, Hung MC, Welch DR. Expression of metastasis suppressor BRMS1 in breast cancer cells results in a marked delay in cellular adhesion to matrix. Mol Carcinog 2013; 53:1011-26. [PMID: 24000122 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination is a multi-step process that depends on cancer cells' ability to respond to microenvironmental cues by adapting adhesion abilities and undergoing cytoskeletal rearrangement. Breast Cancer Metastasis Suppressor 1 (BRMS1) affects several steps of the metastatic cascade: it decreases survival in circulation, increases susceptibility to anoikis, and reduces capacity to colonize secondary organs. In this report, BRMS1 expression is shown to not significantly alter expression levels of integrin monomers, while time-lapse and confocal microscopy revealed that BRMS1-expressing cells exhibited reduced activation of both β1 integrin and focal adhesion kinase, and decreased localization of these molecules to sites of focal adhesions. Short-term plating of BRMS1-expressing cells onto collagen or fibronectin markedly decreased cytoskeletal reorganization and formation of cellular adhesion projections. Under 3D culture conditions, BRMS1-expressing cells remained rounded and failed to reorganize their cytoskeleton and form invasive colonies. Taken together, BRMS1-expressing breast cancer cells are greatly attenuated in their ability to respond to microenvironment changes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yekaterina B Khotskaya
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chimonidou M, Kallergi G, Georgoulias V, Welch DR, Lianidou ES. Breast cancer metastasis suppressor-1 promoter methylation in primary breast tumors and corresponding circulating tumor cells. Mol Cancer Res 2013; 11:1248-57. [PMID: 23744981 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Breast cancer metastasis suppressor-1 (BRMS1) differentially regulates the expression of multiple genes, leading to metastasis suppression without affecting orthotopic tumor growth. For the first time, BRMS1 promoter methylation was evaluated as a prognostic biomarker in primary breast tumors and a subset of corresponding circulating tumor cells (CTC). Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples were analyzed for BRMS1 methylation status using methylation-specific PCR in a human specimen cohort consisting of noncancerous tissues, benign fibroadenomas, and primary breast tumors, including some with adjacent noncancerous tissues. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a large subset of these patients were fixed in cytospins and analyzed. In addition, BRMS1 expression in cytospins was examined by double-immunofluorescence using anti-BRMS1 and pan-cytokeratin antibodies. BRMS1 promoter methylation was not detected in noncancerous breast tissues or benign fibroadenomas; however, methylation was observed in more than a third of primary breast tumors. Critically, BRMS1 promoter methylation in primary tumors was significantly associated with reduced disease-free survival with a trend toward reduced overall survival. Similarly, a third of cytospin samples were positive for the presence of CTCs, and the total number of detected CTCs was 41. Although a large fraction of CTCs were negative or maintained low expression of BRSM1, promoter methylation was observed in a small fraction of samples, implying that BRSM1 expression in CTCs was either downregulated or heterogeneous. In summary, these data define BRMS1 promoter methylation in primary breast tumors and associated CTCs. IMPLICATIONS This study indicates that BRSM1 promoter methylation status has biomarker potential in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chimonidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tao H, Shi KH, Yang JJ, Huang C, Liu LP, Li J. Epigenetic regulation of cardiac fibrosis. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1932-8. [PMID: 23602934 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix accumulation that ultimately destroys tissue architecture and eventually abolishes normal function. In recent years, despite the underlying mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis are still unknown, numerous studies suggest that epigenetic modifications impact on the development of cardiac fibrosis. Epigenetic modifications control cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and so on. Epigenetic modifications contain three main processes: DNA methylation, histone modifications, and silencing by microRNAs. We here outline the recent work pertaining to epigenetic changes in cardiac fibrosis. This review focuses on the epigenetic regulation of cardiac fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu Y, Mayo MW, Nagji AS, Hall EH, Shock LS, Xiao A, Stelow EB, Jones DR. BRMS1 suppresses lung cancer metastases through an E3 ligase function on histone acetyltransferase p300. Cancer Res 2012; 73:1308-17. [PMID: 23269275 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-2489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms through which the metastasis suppressor gene BRMS1 functions are poorly understood. Herein, we report the identification of a previously undescribed E3 ligase function of BRMS1 on the histone acetyltransferase p300. BRMS1 induces polyubiquitination of p300, resulting in its proteasome-mediated degradation. We identify BRMS1 as the first eukaryote structural mimic of the bacterial IpaH E3 ligase family and establish that the evolutionarily conserved CXD motif located in BRMS1 is responsible for its E3 ligase function. Mutation of this E3 ligase motif not only abolishes BRMS1-induced p300 polyubiquitination and degradation, but importantly, dramatically reduces the metastasis suppressor function of BRMS1 in both in vitro and in vivo models of lung cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cui RX, Liu N, He QM, Li WF, Huang BJ, Sun Y, Tang LL, Chen M, Jiang N, Chen L, Yun JP, Zeng J, Guo Y, Wang HY, Ma J. Low BRMS1 expression promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis in vitro and in vivo and is associated with poor patient survival. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:376. [PMID: 22931099 PMCID: PMC3517767 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) is a metastasis suppressor gene. This study aimed to investigate the impact of BRMS1 on metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to evaluate the prognostic significance of BRMS1 in NPC patients. METHODS BRMS1 expression was examined in NPC cell lines using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. NPC cells stably expressing BRMS1 were used to perform wound healing and invasion assays in vitro and a murine xenograft assay in vivo. Immunohistochemical staining was performed in 274 paraffin-embedded NPC specimens divided into a training set (n = 120) and a testing set (n = 154). RESULTS BRMS1 expression was down-regulated in NPC cell lines. Overexpression of BRMS1 significantly reversed the metastatic phenotype of NPC cells in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, low BRMS1 expression was associated with poor distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS, P < 0.001) and poor overall survival (OS, P < 0.001) in the training set; these results were validated in the testing set and overall patient population. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that low BRMS1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for DMFS and OS in NPC. CONCLUSIONS Low expression of the metastasis suppressor BRMS1 may be an independent prognostic factor for poor prognosis in NPC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xue Cui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ponnusamy S, Selvam SP, Mehrotra S, Kawamori T, Snider AJ, Obeid LM, Shao Y, Sabbadini R, Ogretmen B. Communication between host organism and cancer cells is transduced by systemic sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine 1-phosphate signalling to regulate tumour metastasis. EMBO Mol Med 2012; 4:761-75. [PMID: 22707406 PMCID: PMC3494075 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201200244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms by which cancer cells communicate with the host organism to regulate lung colonization/metastasis are unclear. We show that this communication occurs via sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) generated systemically by sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1), rather than via tumour-derived S1P. Modulation of systemic, but not tumour SK1, prevented S1P elevation, and inhibited TRAMP-induced prostate cancer growth in TRAMP+/+SK1−/− mice, or lung metastasis of multiple cancer cells in SK1−/− animals. Genetic loss of SK1 activated a master metastasis suppressor, Brms1 (breast carcinoma metastasis suppressor 1), via modulation of S1P receptor 2 (S1PR2) in cancer cells. Alterations of S1PR2 using pharmacologic and genetic tools enhanced Brms1. Moreover, Brms1 in S1PR2−/− MEFs was modulated by serum S1P alterations. Accordingly, ectopic Brms1 in MB49 bladder cancer cells suppressed lung metastasis, and stable knockdown of Brms1 prevented this process. Importantly, inhibition of systemic S1P signalling using a novel anti-S1P monoclonal antibody (mAb), Sphingomab, attenuated lung metastasis, which was prevented by Brms1 knockdown in MB49 cells. Thus, these data suggest that systemic SK1/S1P regulates metastatic potential via regulation of tumour S1PR2/Brms1 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suriyan Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Marozkina NV, Wei C, Yemen S, Wallrabe H, Nagji AS, Liu L, Morozkina T, Jones DR, Gaston B. S-nitrosoglutathione reductase in human lung cancer. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 46:63-70. [PMID: 21816964 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0147oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) reductase regulates cell signaling pathways relevant to asthma and protects cells from nitrosative stress. Recent evidence suggests that this enzyme may prevent human hepatocellular carcinoma arising in the setting of chronic hepatitis. We hypothesized that GSNO reductase may also protect the lung against potentially carcinogenic reactions associated with nitrosative stress. We report that wild-type Ras is S-nitrosylated and activated by nitrosative stress and that it is denitrosylated by GSNO reductase. In human lung cancer, the activity and expression of GSNO reductase are decreased. Further, the distribution of the enzyme (including its colocalization with wild-type Ras) is abnormal. We conclude that decreased activity of GSNO reductase could leave the human lung vulnerable to the oncogenic effects of nitrosative stress, as is the case in the liver. This potential should be considered when developing therapies that inhibit pulmonary GSNO reductase to treat asthma and other conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadzeya V Marozkina
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22908-0386, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Metastasis is a complex process divided into a number of steps including detachment of tumor cells from the primary tumor, invasion, migration, intravasation, survival in the vasculature, extravasation, and colonization of the secondary site. Proteins that block metastasis without inhibiting primary tumor formation are known as metastasis suppressors; examples are NM23, Maspin, KAI1, KISS1, and MKK4. Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) was identified as a suppressor of breast cancer metastasis in the late 1990s. In vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed that BRMS1 is a potent metastasis suppressor not limited to breast cancer. However, conflicting clinical observations regarding its role as a metastasis suppressor and its validity as a diagnostic biomarker warrant more in-depth clinical study. In this review, the authors provide an overview of its biology, function, action mechanism and pathological significance.
Collapse
|
31
|
Spínola-Amilibia M, Rivera J, Ortiz-Lombardía M, Romero A, Neira JL, Bravo J. The structure of BRMS1 nuclear export signal and SNX6 interacting region reveals a hexamer formed by antiparallel coiled coils. J Mol Biol 2011; 411:1114-27. [PMID: 21777593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We present here the first structural report derived from breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1), a member of the metastasis suppressor protein group, which, during recent years, have drawn much attention since they suppress metastasis without affecting the growth of the primary tumor. The relevance of the predicted N-terminal coiled coil on the molecular recognition of some of the BRMS1 partners, on its cellular localization and on the role of BRMS1 biological functions such as transcriptional repression prompted us to characterize its three-dimensional structure by X-ray crystallography. The structure of BRMS1 N-terminal region reveals that residues 51-98 form an antiparallel coiled-coil motif and, also, that it has the capability of homo-oligomerizing in a hexameric conformation by forming a trimer of coiled-coil dimers. We have also performed hydrodynamic experiments that strongly supported the prevalence in solution of this quaternary structure for BRMS1(51-98). This work explores the structural features of BRMS1 N-terminal region to help clarify the role of this area in the context of the full-length protein. Our crystallographic and biophysical results suggest that the biological function of BRMS1 may be affected by its ability to promote molecular clustering through its N-terminal coiled-coil region.
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu Y, Mayo MW, Nagji AS, Smith PW, Ramsey CS, Li D, Jones DR. Phosphorylation of RelA/p65 promotes DNMT-1 recruitment to chromatin and represses transcription of the tumor metastasis suppressor gene BRMS1. Oncogene 2011; 31:1143-54. [PMID: 21765477 PMCID: PMC3219802 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The majority of patients with lung cancer present with metastatic disease. Chronic inflammation and subsequent activation of NF-κB have been associated the development of cancers. The RelA/p65 subunit of NF-κB is typically associated with transcriptional activation. In this report we show that RelA/p65 can function as an active transcriptional repressor through enhanced methylation of the BRMS1 metastasis suppressor gene promoter via direct recruitment of DNMT-1 to chromatin in response to TNF. TNF-mediated phosphorylation of S276 on RelA/p65 is required for RelA/p65-DNMT-1 interactions, chromatin loading of DNMT-1, and subsequent BRMS1 promoter methylation and transcriptional repression. The ability of RelA/65 to function as an active transcriptional repressor is promoter specific as the NF-κB-regulated gene cIAP2 is transcriptionally activated while BRMS1 is repressed under identical conditions. Small molecule inhibition of either of the minimal interacting domains between RelA/p65-DNMT-1 and RelA/p65-BRMS1 promoter abrogates BRMS1 methylation and its transcriptional repression. The ability of RelA/p65 to directly recruit DNMT-1 to chromatin resulting in promoter-specific methylation and transcriptional repression of tumor metastasis suppressor gene BRMS1 highlights a new mechanism through which NF-κB can regulate metastatic disease, and offers a potential target for newer generation epigenetic oncopharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0679, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang H, Wang J, Zuo Y, Ding M, Yan R, Yang D, Ke C. Expression and prognostic significance of a new tumor metastasis suppressor gene LASS2 in human bladder carcinoma. Med Oncol 2011; 29:1921-7. [PMID: 21755371 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-0026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The LASS2 gene has been identified as a new tumor metastasis suppressor gene and has been seen to correlate with the degree of invasion and recurrence in carcinomas of prostate, breast, liver, ovarian, and pancreas. However, expression and prognostic significance of LASS2 in human bladder carcinoma are largely unknown. In this study, the protein expression of LASS2 in 80 patients with different stages was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The prognostic value of LASS2 in bladder cancers can also be assessed by a long-term follow-up investigation. The mRNA expression level of the LASS2 gene was examined using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) in human bladder carcinoma and paired non-tumor bladder tissues, which were obtained from 30 patients who underwent total cystectomy. We found that patients with LASS2-negative bladder cancer were linked to poor clinical prognosis. The expression of LASS2 mRNA was significantly correlated with clinical stage (P < 0.001), depth of tumor invasion (P < 0.001), and recurrence (P < 0.001). Thus, LASS2 expression may be correlated with the development and progression of human bladder carcinoma and may be a prognostic indicator for this carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Promoter methylation of BRMS1 correlates with smoking history and poor survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Lung Cancer 2011; 74:305-9. [PMID: 21726917 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether methylation of BRMS1 is associated with clinical outcomes in patients with NSCLC. METHODS Methylation status of BRMS1 was examined in 325 NSCLC patients who were treated with surgery. We analyzed associations between the methylation of BRMS1 genes separately and available epidemiologic and clinical information including smoking status, gender, age, and histological type, or the stage of the tumor. RESULTS In the cohort of 325 NSCLC cases, 152 samples were identified as methylated (46.77%). Promoter methylation of BRMS1 was present only in 6 specimens (8.42%) in adjacent non-cancerous tissues (P=2.257 × 10(-14)). Patient smoking history had a positive correlation with methylation rate of BRMS1 (OR=2.508, 95%CI(1.516, 4.151)). Compared with unmethylated group, methylated group showed the lower level of BRMS1 mRNA (P=0.013). And patients with a high level of BRMS1 mRNA expression had significantly better overall survival than those with low expression (P=0.002). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis also showed that promoter methylation of BRMS1 was significantly unfavorable prognostic factors (hazard ratio, 1.912; 95% CI, and 1.341-2.726). CONCLUSIONS These results provide clinical evidence to support the notion that BRMS1 is a NSCLC metastasis suppressor gene. Measuring methylation status of BRMS1 promotor is a useful marker for identifying NSCLC patients with worse disease-free survival.
Collapse
|
35
|
Chimonidou M, Strati A, Tzitzira A, Sotiropoulou G, Malamos N, Georgoulias V, Lianidou ES. DNA methylation of tumor suppressor and metastasis suppressor genes in circulating tumor cells. Clin Chem 2011; 57:1169-77. [PMID: 21700955 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2011.165902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are associated with prognosis in a variety of human cancers and have been proposed as a liquid biopsy for follow-up examinations. We show that tumor suppressor and metastasis suppressor genes are epigenetically silenced in CTCs isolated from peripheral blood of breast cancer patients. METHODS We obtained peripheral blood from 56 patients with operable breast cancer, 27 patients with verified metastasis, and 23 healthy individuals. We tested DNA extracted from the EpCAM-positive immunomagnetically selected CTC fraction for the presence of methylated and unmethylated CST6, BRMS1, and SOX17 promoter sequences by methylation-specific PCR (MSP). All samples were checked for KRT19 (keratin 19, formerly CK-19) expression by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. RESULTS In CTCs of patients with operable breast cancer, promoter methylation of CST6 was observed in 17.9%, BRMS1 in 32.1%, and SOX17 in 53.6% of patients. In CTCs of patients with verified metastasis, promoter methylation of CST6 was observed in 37.0%, BRMS1 in 44.4%, and SOX17 in 74.1%. In healthy individuals, promoter methylation of CST6 was observed in 4.3%, BRMS1 in 8.7%, and SOX17 in 4.3%. DNA methylation of these genes for both operable and metastatic breast cancer was significantly different from that of the control population. CONCLUSIONS DNA methylation of tumor suppressor and metastasis suppressor genes is a hallmark of CTCs and confirms their heterogeneity. Our findings add a new dimension to the molecular characterization of CTCs and may underlie the acquisition of malignant properties, including their stem-like phenotype.
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang H, Chen X. [Advances of DNA methylation in lung cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2010; 13:1074-8. [PMID: 21081052 PMCID: PMC6000490 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2010.11.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | | |
Collapse
|