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Marcianò G, Palleria C, Casarella A, Rania V, Basile E, Catarisano L, Vocca C, Bianco L, Pelaia C, Cione E, D’Agostino B, Citraro R, De Sarro G, Gallelli L. Effect of Statins on Lung Cancer Molecular Pathways: A Possible Therapeutic Role. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:589. [PMID: 35631415 PMCID: PMC9144184 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a common neoplasm, usually treated through chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/or surgery. Both clinical and experimental studies on cancer cells suggest that some drugs (e.g., statins) have the potential to improve the prognosis of cancer. In fact, statins blocking the enzyme "hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase" exert pleiotropic effects on different genes involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. In this narrative review, we presented the experimental and clinical studies that evaluated the effects of statins on lung cancer and described data on the effectiveness and safety of these compounds. We also evaluated gender differences in the treatment of lung cancer to understand the possibility of personalized therapy based on the modulation of the mevalonate pathway. In conclusion, according to the literature data, statins exert multiple effects on lung cancer cells, even if the evidence for their use in clinical practice is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Marcianò
- Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.M.); (A.C.); (V.R.); (E.B.); (L.C.); (C.V.); (R.C.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Caterina Palleria
- Operative Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilanze, Mater Domini Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (L.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Alessandro Casarella
- Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.M.); (A.C.); (V.R.); (E.B.); (L.C.); (C.V.); (R.C.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Rania
- Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.M.); (A.C.); (V.R.); (E.B.); (L.C.); (C.V.); (R.C.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Emanuele Basile
- Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.M.); (A.C.); (V.R.); (E.B.); (L.C.); (C.V.); (R.C.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Luca Catarisano
- Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.M.); (A.C.); (V.R.); (E.B.); (L.C.); (C.V.); (R.C.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Cristina Vocca
- Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.M.); (A.C.); (V.R.); (E.B.); (L.C.); (C.V.); (R.C.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Luigi Bianco
- Operative Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilanze, Mater Domini Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (L.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Corrado Pelaia
- Operative Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilanze, Mater Domini Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (L.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Ed. Polifunzionale, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Bruno D’Agostino
- Department of Experimental Medicine L. Donatelli, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80100 Naples, Italy;
| | - Rita Citraro
- Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.M.); (A.C.); (V.R.); (E.B.); (L.C.); (C.V.); (R.C.); (G.D.S.)
- Operative Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilanze, Mater Domini Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (L.B.); (C.P.)
- Research Centre FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.M.); (A.C.); (V.R.); (E.B.); (L.C.); (C.V.); (R.C.); (G.D.S.)
- Operative Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilanze, Mater Domini Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (L.B.); (C.P.)
- Research Centre FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.M.); (A.C.); (V.R.); (E.B.); (L.C.); (C.V.); (R.C.); (G.D.S.)
- Operative Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilanze, Mater Domini Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (L.B.); (C.P.)
- Research Centre FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Yang W, Wu W, Liang H, Chen J, Dong X. TOX3 regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of colorectal cancer by downregulating RhoB via the activation of MAPK pathway. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1074-1088. [PMID: 35347804 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The first affiliated hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006P.R.China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The affiliated hospital of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225000P.R.China
| | - Hailiang Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The affiliated hospital of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225000P.R.China
| | - Jiejing Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The affiliated hospital of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225000P.R.China
| | - Xiaoqiang Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The first affiliated hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006P.R.China
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Chan MH, Lu CN, Chung YL, Chang YC, Li CH, Chen CL, Wei DH, Hsiao M. Magnetically guided theranostics: montmorillonite-based iron/platinum nanoparticles for enhancing in situ MRI contrast and hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:308. [PMID: 34627267 PMCID: PMC8501633 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In Asia, including Taiwan, malignant tumors such as Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) one of the liver cancer is the most diagnosed subtype. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been a typical diagnostic method for accurately diagnosing HCC. When it is difficult to demonstrate non-enhanced MRI of tumors, radiologists can use contrast agents (such as Gd3+, Fe3O4, or FePt) for T1-weighted and T2-weighted imaging remain in the liver for a long time to facilitate diagnosis via MRI. However, it is sometimes difficult for T2-weighted imaging to detect small tumor lesions because the liver tissue may absorb iron ions. This makes early cancer detection a challenging goal. This challenge has prompted current research to create novel nanocomposites for enhancing the noise-to-signal ratio of MRI. To develop a method that can more efficiently diagnose and simultaneously treat HCC during MRI examination, we designed a functionalized montmorillonite (MMT) material with a porous structure to benefit related drugs, such as mitoxantrone (MIT) delivery or as a carrier for the FePt nanoparticles (FePt NPs) to introduce cancer therapy. Multifunctional FePt@MMT can simultaneously visualize HCC by enhancing MRI signals, treating various diseases, and being used as an inducer of magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH). After loading the drug MIT, FePt@MMT-MIT provides both MFH treatment and chemotherapy in one nanosystem. These results ultimately prove that functionalized FePt@MMT-MIT could be integrated as a versatile drugs delivery system by combining with MRI, chemotheraeutic drugs, and magnetic guide targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsien Chan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ning Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Michael's College, Colchester, VT, 05439, USA
| | - Yi-Lung Chung
- Graduate Institute of Manufacturing Technology and Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiu Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Da-Hua Wei
- Graduate Institute of Manufacturing Technology and Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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Hou W, Kaczorowski A, Lantwin P, Kippenberger M, Schütz V, Franke D, Dieffenbacher SC, Hohenfellner M, Duensing S. Microenvironment-Derived FGF-2 Stimulates Renal Cell Carcinoma Cell Proliferation through Modulation of p27Kip1: Implications for Spatial Niche Formation and Functional Intratumoral Heterogeneity. Pathobiology 2020; 87:114-124. [PMID: 32229735 DOI: 10.1159/000506709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized by a high degree of functional intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH). This is highlighted by the finding that tumor cell proliferation and intracellular signaling occur preferentially in the tumor periphery. The driving forces for such a spatial organization are largely unknown. Herein, we investigate the role of the tumor microenvironment in the control of tumor cell proliferation and functional ITH. METHODS Conditioned media (CM) derived from nonmalignant peritumoral kidney tissue were used to stimulate RCC cells in vitro. A neutralization assay was used to characterize the role of FGF-2 in the CM. The molecular mechanisms underlying the action of CM on RCC cells were investigated using immunoblotting, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. Lastly, a series of ccRCCs were stained for Ki-67 and p27Kip1, and expression was analyzed in both tumor periphery and center. RESULTS We show that CM derived from nonmalignant kidney cells adjacent to an RCC can downregulate the expression of the CDK inhibitor p27Kip1 through enhanced protein degradation in an FGF-2-dependent fashion. FGF-2 functions mainly through the PI3K/AKT pathway downstream of its receptors, and RCC cells with constitutively high AKT activity show not only an enhanced degradation of p27Kip1 through the Emi1-Skp2 axis, but also a subcellular mislocalization of p27Kip1 to the cytoplasmic compartment. Such a mislocalization was also detected in the tumor periphery in vivo suggesting that p27Kip1 plays an important role in shaping this spatial niche. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the tumor microenvironment is involved in shaping the tumor peripheral niche by stimulating the enhanced proliferation that is characteristic for this zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Hou
- Section of Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adam Kaczorowski
- Section of Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philippa Lantwin
- Section of Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kippenberger
- Section of Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Schütz
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Desiree Franke
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Stefan Duensing
- Section of Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, .,Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,
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