1
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Cowell LM, King M, West H, Broadsmith M, Genever P, Pownall ME, Isaacs HV. Regulation of gene expression downstream of a novel Fgf/Erk pathway during Xenopus development. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286040. [PMID: 37856433 PMCID: PMC10586617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of Map kinase/Erk signalling downstream of fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) tyrosine kinase receptors regulates gene expression required for mesoderm induction and patterning of the anteroposterior axis during Xenopus development. We have proposed that a subset of Fgf target genes are activated in the embyo in response to inhibition of a transcriptional repressor. Here we investigate the hypothesis that Cic (Capicua), which was originally identified as a transcriptional repressor negatively regulated by receptor tyrosine kinase/Erk signalling in Drosophila, is involved in regulating Fgf target gene expression in Xenopus. We characterise Xenopus Cic and show that it is widely expressed in the embryo. Fgf overexpression or ectodermal wounding, both of which potently activate Erk, reduce Cic protein levels in embryonic cells. In keeping with our hypothesis, we show that Cic knockdown and Fgf overexpression have overlapping effects on embryo development and gene expression. Transcriptomic analysis identifies a cohort of genes that are up-regulated by Fgf overexpression and Cic knockdown. We investigate two of these genes as putative targets of the proposed Fgf/Erk/Cic axis: fos and rasl11b, which encode a leucine zipper transcription factor and a ras family GTPase, respectively. We identify Cic consensus binding sites in a highly conserved region of intron 1 in the fos gene and Cic sites in the upstream regions of several other Fgf/Cic co-regulated genes, including rasl11b. We show that expression of fos and rasl11b is blocked in the early mesoderm when Fgf and Erk signalling is inhibited. In addition, we show that fos and rasl11b expression is associated with the Fgf independent activation of Erk at the site of ectodermal wounding. Our data support a role for a Fgf/Erk/Cic axis in regulating a subset of Fgf target genes during gastrulation and is suggestive that Erk signalling is involved in regulating Cic target genes at the site of ectodermal wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Cowell
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Michael King
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Helena West
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Broadsmith
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Genever
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Harry V. Isaacs
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
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2
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Wei Y, Han S, Wen J, Liao J, Liang J, Yu J, Chen X, Xiang S, Huang Z, Zhang B. E26 transformation-specific transcription variant 5 in development and cancer: modification, regulation and function. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:17. [PMID: 36872348 PMCID: PMC9987099 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00909-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
E26 transformation-specific (ETS) transcription variant 5 (ETV5), also known as ETS-related molecule (ERM), exerts versatile functions in normal physiological processes, including branching morphogenesis, neural system development, fertility, embryonic development, immune regulation, and cell metabolism. In addition, ETV5 is repeatedly found to be overexpressed in multiple malignant tumors, where it is involved in cancer progression as an oncogenic transcription factor. Its roles in cancer metastasis, proliferation, oxidative stress response and drug resistance indicate that it is a potential prognostic biomarker, as well as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Post-translational modifications, gene fusion events, sophisticated cellular signaling crosstalk and non-coding RNAs contribute to the dysregulation and abnormal activities of ETV5. However, few studies to date systematically summarized the role and molecular mechanisms of ETV5 in benign diseases and in oncogenic progression. In this review, we specify the molecular structure and post-translational modifications of ETV5. In addition, its critical roles in benign and malignant diseases are summarized to draw a panorama for specialists and clinicians. The updated molecular mechanisms of ETV5 in cancer biology and tumor progression are delineated. Finally, we prospect the further direction of ETV5 research in oncology and its potential translational applications in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenqi Han
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyuan Wen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyu Liao
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junnan Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Xiang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhao Huang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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3
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Miller JJ, Gonzalez Castro LN, McBrayer S, Weller M, Cloughesy T, Portnow J, Andronesi O, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Baumert BG, Berger MS, Bi WL, Bindra R, Cahill DP, Chang SM, Costello JF, Horbinski C, Huang RY, Jenkins RB, Ligon KL, Mellinghoff IK, Nabors LB, Platten M, Reardon DA, Shi DD, Schiff D, Wick W, Yan H, von Deimling A, van den Bent M, Kaelin WG, Wen PY. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas: A Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) consensus review on diagnosis, management, and future directions. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:4-25. [PMID: 36239925 PMCID: PMC9825337 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas are the most common adult, malignant primary brain tumors diagnosed in patients younger than 50, constituting an important cause of morbidity and mortality. In recent years, there has been significant progress in understanding the molecular pathogenesis and biology of these tumors, sparking multiple efforts to improve their diagnosis and treatment. In this consensus review from the Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO), the current diagnosis and management of IDH-mutant gliomas will be discussed. In addition, novel therapies, such as targeted molecular therapies and immunotherapies, will be reviewed. Current challenges and future directions for research will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie J Miller
- Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Nicolas Gonzalez Castro
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel McBrayer
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas, 75235, USA
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jana Portnow
- Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Ovidiu Andronesi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Informatics and Data Science (IDS), Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology (CBIIT), Trans-Divisional Research Program (TDRP), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brigitta G Baumert
- Cantonal Hospital Graubunden, Institute of Radiation-Oncology, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell S Berger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wenya Linda Bi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ranjit Bindra
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Brain Tumor Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan M Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joseph F Costello
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Raymond Y Huang
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert B Jenkins
- Individualized Medicine Research, Mayo Clinic, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, Minnesota 55901, USA
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ingo K Mellinghoff
- Department of Neurology, Evnin Family Chair in Neuro-Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - L Burt Nabors
- Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael Platten
- CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David A Reardon
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diana D Shi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Schiff
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Neuro-Oncology at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Program Chair of Neuro-Oncology at the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), and Neurology and Chairman at the Neurology Clinic in Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hai Yan
- Genetron Health Inc, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20879, USA
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and, Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and, DKTK, INF 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin van den Bent
- Brain Tumour Centre, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - William G Kaelin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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4
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The role and application of transcriptional repressors in cancer treatment. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:1-17. [PMID: 36645575 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression is modulated through the integration of many regulatory elements and their associated transcription factors (TFs). TFs bind to specific DNA sequences and either activate or repress transcriptional activity. Through decades of research, it has been established that aberrant expression or functional abnormalities of TFs can lead to uncontrolled cell division and the development of cancer. Initial studies on transcriptional regulation in cancer have focused on TFs as transcriptional activators. However, recent studies have demonstrated several different mechanisms of transcriptional repression in cancer, which could be potential therapeutic targets for the development of specific anti-cancer agents. In the first section of this review, "Emerging roles of transcriptional repressors in cancer development," we summarize the current understanding of transcriptional repressors and their involvement in the molecular processes of cancer progression. In the subsequent section, "Therapeutic applications," we provide an updated overview of the available therapeutic targets for drug discovery and discuss the new frontier of such applications.
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5
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Han X, Cao X, Aguiar-Pulido V, Yang W, Karki M, Ramirez PAP, Cabrera RM, Lin YL, Wlodarczyk BJ, Shaw GM, Ross ME, Zhang C, Finnell RH, Lei Y. CIC missense variants contribute to susceptibility for spina bifida. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:2021-2032. [PMID: 36054333 PMCID: PMC9772115 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are congenital malformations resulting from abnormal embryonic development of the brain, spine, or spinal column. The genetic etiology of human NTDs remains poorly understood despite intensive investigation. CIC, homolog of the Capicua transcription repressor, has been reported to interact with ataxin-1 (ATXN1) and participate in the pathogenesis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1. Our previous study demonstrated that CIC loss of function (LoF) variants contributed to the cerebral folate deficiency syndrome by downregulating folate receptor 1 (FOLR1) expression. Given the importance of folate transport in neural tube formation, we hypothesized that CIC variants could contribute to increased risk for NTDs by depressing embryonic folate concentrations. In this study, we examined CIC variants from whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of 140 isolated spina bifida cases and identified eight missense variants of CIC gene. We tested the pathogenicity of the observed variants through multiple in vitro experiments. We determined that CIC variants decreased the FOLR1 protein level and planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway signaling in a human cell line (HeLa). In a murine cell line (NIH3T3), CIC loss of function variants downregulated PCP signaling. Taken together, this study provides evidence supporting CIC as a risk gene for human NTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Henan
Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou
University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of
Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77031,
USA
| | - Xuanye Cao
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of
Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77031,
USA
| | - Vanessa Aguiar-Pulido
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research
Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Miami, Coral
Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of
Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Menuka Karki
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of
Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77031,
USA
| | - Paula Andrea Pimienta Ramirez
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of
Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77031,
USA
| | - Robert M. Cabrera
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of
Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77031,
USA
| | - Ying Linda Lin
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of
Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77031,
USA
| | - Bogdan J. Wlodarczyk
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of
Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77031,
USA
| | - Gary M. Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of
Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M. Elizabeth Ross
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research
Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cuilian Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Henan
Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou
University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Richard H. Finnell
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of
Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77031,
USA
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Medicine,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77031, USA
| | - Yunping Lei
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of
Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77031,
USA
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6
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Zhang T, Wang Y, Xie M, Ji X, Luo X, Chen X, Zhang B, Liu D, Feng Y, Sun M, Huang W, Xia L. HGF-mediated elevation of ETV1 facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis through upregulating PTK2 and c-MET. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:275. [PMID: 36109787 PMCID: PMC9479266 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastasis is a major determinant of death in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Dissecting key molecular mediators that promote this malignant feature may help yield novel therapeutic insights. Here, we investigated the role of E-twenty-six transformation-specific variant 1 (ETV1), a member of the E-twenty-six transformation-specific (ETS) family, in HCC metastasis. Methods The clinical significance of ETV1 and its target genes in two independent cohorts of HCC patients who underwent curative resection were assessed by Kaplan–Meier analysis and Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were used to detect the transcriptional regulation of target gene promoters by ETV1. The effect of ETV1 on invasiveness and metastasis of HCC were detected by transwell assays and the orthotopically metastatic model. Results ETV1 expression was frequently elevated in human HCC specimens. Increased ETV1 expression was associated with the malignant biological characteristics and poor prognosis of HCC patients. ETV1 facilitated invasion and metastasis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ETV1 promoted HCC metastasis via upregulating metastasis-related genes, including protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2) and MET. Down-regulated the expression of PTK2 or tyrosine protein kinase Met (c-MET) decreased ETV1-mediated HCC metastasis. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) upregulated ETV1 expression through activating c-MET-ERK1/2-ELK1 pathway. Notably, in two independent cohorts, patients with positive coexpression of ETV1/PTK2 or ETV1/c-MET had worse prognosis. Furthermore, the combination of PTK2 inhibitor defactinib and c-MET inhibitor capmatinib significantly suppressed HCC metastasis induced by ETV1. Conclusion This study uncovers functional and prognostic roles for ETV1 in HCC and exposes a positive feedback loop of HGF-ERK1/2-ETV1-c-MET. Targeting this pathway may provide a potential therapeutic intervention for ETV1-overexpressing HCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02475-2.
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7
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Sharma S, Hourigan B, Patel Z, Rosenfeld JA, Chan KM, Wangler MF, Yi JS, Lehman A, Horvath G, Cloos PA, Tan Q. Novel CIC variants identified in individuals with neurodevelopmental phenotypes. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:889-899. [PMID: 35165976 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous pathogenic variants in CIC, which encodes a transcriptional repressor, have been identified in individuals with neurodevelopmental phenotypes. To date, 11 CIC variants have been associated with the CIC-related neurodevelopmental syndrome. Here, we describe three novel and one previously reported CIC variants in four individuals with neurodevelopmental delay. Notably, we report for the first time a de novo frameshift variant specific to the long isoform of CIC (CIC-L, NM_001304815.1:c.1100dup, p.Pro368AlafsTer16) in an individual with speech delay, intellectual disability, and autism spectrum disorder. Our investigation into the function of CIC-L reveals that partial loss of CIC-L leads to transcriptional derepression of CIC target genes. We also describe a missense variant (NM_015125.3:c.683G>A, p.Arg228Gln) in an individual with a history of speech delay and relapsed pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Functional studies of this variant suggest a partial loss of CIC transcriptional repressor activity. Our study expands the list of CIC pathogenic variants and contributes to the accumulating evidence that CIC haploinsufficiency or partial loss of function is a pathogenic mechanism causing neurodevelopmental phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Sharma
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brenna Hourigan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zain Patel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Katie M Chan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael F Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joanna S Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Gabriella Horvath
- Division of Biochemical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul A Cloos
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qiumin Tan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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8
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Satomi K, Ohno M, Kubo T, Honda-Kitahara M, Matsushita Y, Ichimura K, Narita Y, Ichikawa H, Yoshida A. Central nervous system sarcoma with ATXN1::DUX4 fusion expands the concept of CIC-rearranged sarcoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2022; 61:683-688. [PMID: 35715887 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
CIC-rearranged sarcoma is a high-grade sarcoma, most often harboring CIC::DUX4 fusion, and is characterized by a distinct round cell histology, co-expression of ETV4 and WT1, and a specific DNA methylation class. Herein, we report a brain tumor with ATXN1::DUX4 that had an indistinguishable phenotype and DNA methylation profile from CIC-rearranged sarcoma. A 40-year-old man presented with a 5 cm hemorrhagic mass in the right frontal lobe of the cerebrum. The tumor was resected and histologically showed a dense proliferation of relatively monomorphic round cells with multifocal myxoid changes. Immunohistochemically, the tumor was diffusely positive for ETV4, WT1, and DUX4. Through classic histomorphology and immunoprofile, the tumor was provisionally diagnosed as CIC-rearranged sarcoma. However, no CIC fusions or mutations were identified using CIC break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or FoundationOne CDx. Despite multiple surgeries and adjuvant chemoradiation therapy, the patient succumbed 16 months after presentation. RNA exome sequencing detected an in-frame intraexonic ATXN1 (exon 9)::DUX4 (exon 1) fusion, which was validated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and ATXN1 FISH assay. Upon DNA methylation analysis, the tumor matched with CIC-rearranged sarcoma both by the Deutsche Krebsforschungszentrum classifier and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding. Along with a recent report of a similar pediatric brain tumor, the present case suggests that ATXN1::DUX4 is a recurrent alternative molecular event in the sarcoma type that is presently defined by CIC rearrangement, which prompts an expansion of the tumor concept. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaishi Satomi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohno
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Honda-Kitahara
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Matsushita
- Department of Brain Disease Translational Research, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ichimura
- Department of Brain Disease Translational Research, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Narita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Rare Cancer Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ichikawa
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Rare Cancer Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Yan X, Ji H, Liu Z, Ma S, Dong J, Jiang X, Hu X, Wang F, Zhao H, Jin J, Zhang J, Wang N, Du J, Hu S. Characterization of the Ferroptosis-Related Genes for Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Low-Grade Glioma. Front Genet 2022; 13:880864. [PMID: 35559020 PMCID: PMC9086515 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.880864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although ferroptosis has been validated to play a crucial role in some types of tumors, the influence of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) on the immune microenvironment in low-grade glioma (LGG) remains unclear. In this research, we screen the FRGs to assess the prognosis value and immune microenvironment in LGG, to provide reliable diagnosis and treatment evidence for the clinic. Methods: A total of 1,239 patients of LGG samples were selected for subsequent analyses from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas, and the Repository of Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data datasets. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to screen for prognostic FRGs. Consensus clustering was utilized to determine ferroptosis subtypes of LGG patients. Next, the prognostic model was constructed based on differentially expressed FRGs and validation in the validating datasets. The immune microenvironment, biological pathway, and hypoxia score were explored by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. The potential response of chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade therapy was also estimated. In addition, the correlation between the risk score and autophagy-related genes was examined by the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: A total of three ferroptosis subtypes were identified by consensus clustering for prognostic FRGs which exhibited different outcomes, clinicopathological characteristics, and immune microenvironment. Afterward, a prognostic model that performed great predictive ability based on nine prognostic FRGs has been constructed and validated. Moreover, the prognostic model had the potential to screen the sensitivity to chemotherapy and immunotherapy in LGG patients. Finally, we also found that the prognostic model has a great connection to autophagy and hypoxia. Conclusion: We developed a ferroptosis-related prognostic model which strongly linked to diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and recurrence of LGG. This study also reveals the connection between ferroptosis and tumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwei Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueyan Hu
- Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongtao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianyang Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shaoshan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Sienkiewicz K, Yang C, Paschal BM, Ratan A. Genomic analyses of the metastasis-derived prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP, VCaP, and PC3-AR. Prostate 2022; 82:442-451. [PMID: 34951700 PMCID: PMC8792310 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lymph node metastasis-derived LNCaP, the bone metastasis-derived PC3 (skull), and VCaP (vertebral) cell lines are widely used as preclinical models of human prostate cancer (CaP) and have been described in more than 19,000 publications. Here, we report on short-read whole-genome sequencing and genomic analyses of LNCaP, VCaP, and PC3 cells stably transduced with WT AR (PC3-AR). METHODS LNCaP, VCaP, and PC3-AR cell lines were sequenced to an average depth of more than 30-fold using Illumina short-read sequencing. Using various computational methods, we identified and compared the single-nucleotide variants, copy-number profiles, and the structural variants observed in the three cell lines. RESULTS LNCaP cells are composed of multiple subpopulations, which results in nonintegral copy number states and a high mutational load when the data is analyzed in bulk. All three cell lines contain pathogenic mutations and homozygous deletions in genes involved in DNA mismatch repair, along with deleterious mutations in cell-cycle, Wnt signaling, and other critical cellular processes. PC3-AR cells have a truncating mutation in TP53 and do not express the p53 protein. The VCaP cells contain a homozygous gain-of-function mutation in TP53 (p.R248W) that promotes cancer invasion, metastasis, and progression and has also been observed in prostate adenocarcinomas. In addition, we detect the signatures of chromothripsis of the q arms of chromosome 5 in both PC3-AR and VCaP cells, strengthening the association of TP53 inactivation with chromothripsis reported in other systems. CONCLUSIONS Our work provides a resource for genetic, genomic, and biological studies employing these commonly-used prostate cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunsong Yang
- Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
| | - Bryce M. Paschal
- Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
| | - Aakrosh Ratan
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
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11
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DeSalvo J, Ban Y, Li L, Sun X, Jiang Z, Kerr DA, Khanlari M, Boulina M, Capecchi MR, Partanen JM, Chen L, Kondo T, Ornitz DM, Trent JC, Eid JE. ETV4 and ETV5 drive synovial sarcoma through cell cycle and DUX4 embryonic pathway control. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:141908. [PMID: 33983905 DOI: 10.1172/jci141908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma is an aggressive malignancy with no effective treatments for patients with metastasis. The synovial sarcoma fusion SS18-SSX, which recruits the SWI/SNF-BAF chromatin remodeling and polycomb repressive complexes, results in epigenetic activation of FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling. In genetic FGFR-knockout models, culture, and xenograft synovial sarcoma models treated with the FGFR inhibitor BGJ398, we show that FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3 were crucial for tumor growth. Transcriptome analyses of BGJ398-treated cells and histological and expression analyses of mouse and human synovial sarcoma tumors revealed prevalent expression of two ETS factors and FGFR targets, ETV4 and ETV5. We further demonstrate that ETV4 and ETV5 acted as drivers of synovial sarcoma growth, most likely through control of the cell cycle. Upon ETV4 and ETV5 knockdown, we observed a striking upregulation of DUX4 and its transcriptional targets that activate the zygotic genome and drive the atrophy program in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy patients. In addition to demonstrating the importance of inhibiting all three FGFRs, the current findings reveal potential nodes of attack for the cancer with the discovery of ETV4 and ETV5 as appropriate biomarkers and molecular targets, and activation of the embryonic DUX4 pathway as a promising approach to block synovial sarcoma tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna DeSalvo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Yuguang Ban
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Luyuan Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | | | - Zhijie Jiang
- University of Miami Center for Computational Science, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Maria Boulina
- Analytical Imaging Core Facility, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mario R Capecchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Juha M Partanen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lin Chen
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jonathan C Trent
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Josiane E Eid
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
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12
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Hourigan B, Balay SD, Yee G, Sharma S, Tan Q. Capicua regulates the development of adult-born neurons in the hippocampus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11725. [PMID: 34083623 PMCID: PMC8175746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
New neurons continuously arise from neural progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus of the adult hippocampus to support ongoing learning and memory formation. To generate functional adult-born neurons, neural progenitor cells proliferate to expand the precursor cell pool and differentiate into neurons. Newly generated cells then undergo postmitotic maturation to migrate to their final destination and develop elaborate dendritic branching, which allows them to receive input signals. Little is known about factors that regulate neuronal differentiation, migration, and dendrite maturation during adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Here, we show that the transcriptional repressor protein capicua (CIC) exhibits dynamic expression in the adult dentate gyrus. Conditional deletion of Cic from the mouse dentate gyrus compromises the adult neural progenitor cell pool without altering their proliferative potential. We further demonstrate that the loss of Cic impedes neuronal lineage development and disrupts dendritic arborization and migration of adult-born neurons. Our study uncovers a previously unrecognized role of CIC in neurogenesis of the adult dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Hourigan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6J 2H7, Canada
| | - Spencer D Balay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6J 2H7, Canada.,Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Graydon Yee
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6J 2H7, Canada
| | - Saloni Sharma
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6J 2H7, Canada
| | - Qiumin Tan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6J 2H7, Canada.
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13
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Zhang T, Liu D, Wang Y, Sun M, Xia L. The E-Twenty-Six Family in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Moving into the Spotlight. Front Oncol 2021; 10:620352. [PMID: 33585247 PMCID: PMC7873604 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.620352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although therapeutic strategies have recently advanced, tumor metastasis and drug resistance continue to pose challenges in the treatment of HCC. Therefore, new molecular targets are needed to develop novel therapeutic strategies for this cancer. E-twenty-six (ETS) transcription family has been implicated in human malignancies pathogenesis and progression, including leukemia, Ewing sarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Recently, increasing studies have expanded its great potential as functional players in other cancers, including HCC. This review focuses primarily on the key functions and molecular mechanisms of ETS factors in HCC. Elucidating these molecular details may provide novel potential therapeutic strategies for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Limin Xia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Yoshiya S, Itoh S, Yoshizumi T, Yugawa K, Kurihara T, Toshima T, Harada N, Hashisako M, Yonemasu H, Fukuzawa K, Oda Y, Mori M. Impact of Capicua on Pancreatic Cancer Progression. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 28:3198-3207. [PMID: 33216264 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-09339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor capicua (CIC) regulates mammalian development and homeostasis. Growing evidence shows that CIC suppresses various human cancers by directly repressing the downstream cancer-related target genes. This study investigated the clinical and biologic significance of CIC expression in pancreatic cancer (PC). METHODS The study reviewed 132 patients with PC who underwent curative resection. The patients were divided into two groups according to CIC immunoreactivity score by immunohistochemistry, and the associations between CIC expression, clinicopathologic characteristics, and postoperative prognosis were investigated. Moreover, the influence of CIC expression on the malignant potential of PC cells was assessed with cell proliferation, motility assays, and use of quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot on the downstream target genes of CIC in knockdown experiments. RESULTS The low-CIC expression group showed a higher proportion of lymphatic invasion (72.9% vs. 53.1%; p = 0.024), intrapancreatic neural invasion (94.1% vs. 81.3%; p = 0.021), and extrapancreatic plexus invasion (30.9% vs. 7.8%; p = 0.0006) than the high-CIC expression group as well as significantly worse overall survival (p = 0.0002) and recurrence-free survival (p = 0.0041) rates. Low CIC expression was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis (p = 0.038). Pancreatic cancer cells with knockdown CIC significantly enhanced cell motilities and cell cycle progression, promoted expression levels of ETV4 and MMP-9, and induced EMT. CONCLUSIONS The study elucidated the association of low CIC expression with a poor prognosis for patients with PC and suggested that the CIC-ETV4-MMP-9 axis might control PC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yoshiya
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Oita Red Cross Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Shinji Itoh
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kyohei Yugawa
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kurihara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Oita Red Cross Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Takeo Toshima
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noboru Harada
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mikiko Hashisako
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, Oita Red Cross Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | | | - Kengo Fukuzawa
- Department of Surgery, Oita Red Cross Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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15
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Wong D, Sogerer L, Lee SS, Wong V, Lum A, Levine AB, Marra MA, Yip S. TRIM25 promotes Capicua degradation independently of ERK in the absence of ATXN1L. BMC Biol 2020; 18:154. [PMID: 33115448 PMCID: PMC7594423 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrations in Capicua (CIC) have recently been implicated as a negative prognostic factor in a multitude of cancer types through the derepression of targets downstream of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade, such as oncogenic E26 transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factors. The Ataxin-family protein ATXN1L has previously been reported to interact with CIC in both developmental and disease contexts to facilitate the repression of CIC target genes and promote the post-translational stability of CIC. However, little is known about the mechanisms at the base of ATXN1L-mediated CIC post-translational stability. Results Functional in vitro studies utilizing ATXN1LKO human cell lines revealed that loss of ATXN1L leads to the accumulation of polyubiquitinated CIC protein, promoting its degradation through the proteasome. Although transcriptomic signatures of ATXN1LKO cell lines indicated upregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, ERK activity was found to contribute to CIC function but not stability. Degradation of CIC protein following loss of ATXN1L was instead observed to be mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM25 which was further validated using glioma-derived cell lines and the TCGA breast carcinoma and liver hepatocellular carcinoma cohorts. Conclusions The post-translational regulation of CIC through ATXN1L and TRIM25 independent of ERK activity suggests that the regulation of CIC stability and function is more intricate than previously appreciated and involves several independent pathways. As CIC status has become a prognostic factor in several cancer types, further knowledge into the mechanisms which govern CIC stability and function may prove useful for future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Wong
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lisa Sogerer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Samantha S Lee
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Victor Wong
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Amy Lum
- Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Adrian B Levine
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stephen Yip
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. .,Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada. .,Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.
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16
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Capicua in Human Cancer. Trends Cancer 2020; 7:77-86. [PMID: 32978089 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Capicua (CIC) is a highly conserved transcriptional repressor that is differentially regulated through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling or genetic alteration across human cancer. CIC contributes to tumor progression and metastasis through direct transcriptional control of effector target genes. Recent findings indicate that CIC dysregulation is mechanistically linked and restricted to specific cancer subtypes, yet convergence on key downstream transcriptional nodes are critical for CIC-regulated oncogenesis across these cancers. In this review, we focus on how differential regulation of CIC through functional and genetic mechanisms contributes to subtype-specific cancer phenotypes and we propose new therapeutic strategies to effectively target CIC-altered cancers.
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17
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Herrington CS, Poulsom R, Coates PJ. Recent Advances in Pathology: the 2020 Annual Review Issue of The Journal of Pathology. J Pathol 2020; 250:475-479. [PMID: 32346919 DOI: 10.1002/path.5425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This year's Annual Review Issue of The Journal of Pathology contains 18 invited reviews on current research areas in pathology. The subject areas reflect the broad range of topics covered by the journal and this year encompass the development and application of software in digital histopathology, implementation of biomarkers in pathology practice; genetics and epigenetics, and stromal influences in disease. The reviews are authored by experts in their field and provide comprehensive updates in the chosen areas, in which there has been considerable recent progress in our understanding of disease. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Simon Herrington
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard Poulsom
- The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland, London, UK
| | - Philip J Coates
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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18
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O'Callaghan B, Hofstra B, Handler HP, Kordasiewicz HB, Cole T, Duvick L, Friedrich J, Rainwater O, Yang P, Benneyworth M, Nichols-Meade T, Heal W, Ter Haar R, Henzler C, Orr HT. Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapeutic Approach for Suppression of Ataxin-1 Expression: A Safety Assessment. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 21:1006-1016. [PMID: 32818920 PMCID: PMC7452125 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a lethal, autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the ATAXIN-1 (ATXN1) protein. Preclinical studies demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of approaches that target and reduce Atxn1 expression in a non-allele-specific manner. However, studies using Atxn1−/− mice raise cautionary notes that therapeutic reductions of ATXN1 might lead to undesirable effects such as reduction in the activity of the tumor suppressor Capicua (CIC), activation of the protease β-secretase 1 (BACE1) and subsequent increased amyloidogenic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), or a reduction in hippocampal neuronal precursor cells that would impact hippocampal function. Here, we tested whether an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-mediated reduction of Atxn1 produced unwanted effects involving BACE1, CIC activity, or reduction in hippocampal neuronal precursor cells. Notably, no effects on BACE1, CIC tumor suppressor function, or number of hippocampal neuronal precursor cells were found in mice subjected to a chronic in vivo ASO-mediated reduction of Atxn1. These data provide further support for targeted reductions of ATXN1 as a therapeutic approach for SCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennon O'Callaghan
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bente Hofstra
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hillary P Handler
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Tracy Cole
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Duvick
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jillian Friedrich
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Orion Rainwater
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Praseuth Yang
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Wesley Heal
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rachel Ter Haar
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christine Henzler
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Harry T Orr
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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