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Lobo J, Tavares NT, Jerónimo C, Henrique R, Dvindenko E, Cornejo KM, Berney DM, Ulbright TM, Gupta S, Acosta AM. Analysis of MicroRNA-371-373 supports that a subset of spermatocytic tumors demonstrates biologic features similar to those of GCNIS-derived germ cell tumors. Hum Pathol 2024; 148:66-71. [PMID: 38782099 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Spermatocytic tumors are rare testicular tumors occurring predominantly in older men. Most show a classical tripartite morphology (different from seminoma) and are benign. However, well-documented cases of malignant spermatocytic tumors exist. Our previous work showed that a subset of spermatocytic tumors exhibiting TP53 mutations, DNA methylation profiles closer to seminomas, and/or gains in chromosome 12p exhibited aggressive characteristics, including sarcomatoid transformation and metastatic dissemination. The microRNA-371-373 cluster is a promising biomarker which is upregulated in non-teratoma germ cell tumors with malignant behavior. In this work we analyze microRNAs-371-373 b y quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in 18 spermatocytic tumors representative of the whole clinical spectrum, including 6 with aggressive features (sarcomatoid transformation, metastases, or gains in chromosome 12p). The levels of microRNAs-371-373 were significantly higher in non-teratoma germ cell tumors compared to spermatocytic tumors, overall (p < 0.0001). Importantly, levels of microRNA-371-373 were higher in spermatocytic tumors with aggressive features compared to non-aggressive neoplasms. The highest levels were observed in one tumor showing isochromosome 12p. These results further support our previous findings that a subset of spermatocytic tumors are intermediate between so-called type II and type III germ cell tumors and that embryonic microRNAs play a role in aggressive behavior in spermatocytic tumors. Accordingly, this subset of tumors may behave aggressively and require close follow up. In the future, this opens an opportunity for microRNA testing in serum of spermatocytic tumor patients for risk stratification purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Lobo
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (P.CCC) & RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Tiago Tavares
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (P.CCC) & RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal; Doctoral Programme in Biomedical Sciences, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (P.CCC) & RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (P.CCC) & RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Dvindenko
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Kristine M Cornejo
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel M Berney
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Sounak Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andres M Acosta
- Department of Pathology Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Whaley RD, Tekin B, McCarthy MR, Zia HM, Pitel BA, Al-Kateb H, Cheville JC, Gupta S. NTRK3-Rearranged Prostatic Acinar Adenocarcinoma: Report of a Patient and Review of the Literature. Int J Surg Pathol 2024:10668969241253197. [PMID: 38772598 DOI: 10.1177/10668969241253197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Molecular investigations have led to increased therapeutic options for prostatic adenocarcinoma. A single case report of a PRPSAP1::NTRK3 gene fusion occurring in prostate cancer was previously reported. A review of the literature revealed that NTRK gene rearrangements are exceedingly rare molecular events in prostate cancer. NTRK gene fusions can be oncogenic drivers or develop as resistance mechanisms. The tumor-agnostic approvals of TRK inhibitors by the FDA provide additional rationale for molecular investigations of aggressive prostatic adenocarcinomas. This may prove to be an additional therapeutic option for patients with aggressive prostatic carcinomas refractory to initial therapy. We report a case of an aggressive castrate-resistant prostatic adenocarcinoma with a BMP6::NTRK3 gene fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumeal D Whaley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Burak Tekin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael R McCarthy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hamid M Zia
- Department of Pathology, OSF HealthCare System Laboratory, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Beth A Pitel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hussam Al-Kateb
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John C Cheville
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sounak Gupta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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McKenzie J, Mitchell C, Lewin J, Conduit C. Case of the month from the Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Australia: recurrent metastatic spermatocytic tumour successfully treated with salvage systemic chemotherapy. BJU Int 2024. [PMID: 38745554 DOI: 10.1111/bju.16390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jane McKenzie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine Mitchell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeremy Lewin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Service, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ciara Conduit
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Service, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Personalised Oncology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Kilic I, Acosta AM, Idrees MT. Evolution of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors in the Molecular Era With Histogenetic Implications. Adv Anat Pathol 2024; 31:206-214. [PMID: 38525515 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The current WHO classification of testicular germ cell tumors is based on the pathogenesis of the tumors driven by different genomic events. The germ cell neoplasia in situ is the precursor lesion for all malignant germ cell tumors. The current understanding of pathogenesis is that the developmental and environmental factors with the erasure of parental genomic imprinting lead to the development of abnormal gonocytes that settle in the "spermatogonial Niche" in seminiferous tubules. The abnormal primordial germ cells in the seminiferous tubules give rise to pre-GCNIS cells under the influence of TPSY and OCT4 genes. The whole genome duplication events give rise to germ cell neoplasia in situ, which further acquires alterations in 12p along with NRAS and KRAS mutations to produce seminoma. A subset of seminomas acquires KIT mutation and does not differentiate further. The remaining KIT-stable seminomas differentiate to nonseminomatous GCTs after obtaining recurrent chromosomal losses, epigenetic modification, and posttranscriptional regulation by multiple genes. Nonseminomatous germ cell tumors also develop directly from differentiated germ cell neoplasia in situ. TP53 pathway with downstream drivers may give rise to somatic-type malignancies of GCT. The GCTs are remarkably sensitive to cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy; however, resistance to cisplatin develops in up to 8% of tumors and appears to be driven by TP53/MDM2 gene mutations. Serum and Plasma miRNAs show promise in diagnosing, managing, and following up on these tumors. The mechanisms underlying the development of most tumors have been elucidated; however, additional studies are required to pinpoint the events directing specific characteristics. Advances in identifying specific molecular markers have been seen recently and may be adopted as gold standards in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Kilic
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
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Rajpert-De Meyts E, Goriely A, Almstrup K. New analysis of atypical spermatocytic tumours reveals extensive heterogeneity and plasticity of germ cell tumours †. J Pathol 2024; 263:1-4. [PMID: 38362619 DOI: 10.1002/path.6262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) derived from immature (type I) and pluripotent germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS, type II) are characterised by remarkable phenotypic heterogeneity and plasticity. In contrast, the rare spermatocytic tumour (SpT, type III), derived from mature spermatogonia, is considered a homogenous and benign tumour but may occasionally present as an anaplastic or an aggressive sarcomatoid tumour. While various oncogenic processes had been proposed, the precise mechanism driving malignant progression remained elusive until the molecular characterisation of a series of atypical SpTs described in a recent issue of The Journal of Pathology. The emerging picture suggests the presence of two distinct trajectories for SpTs, involving either RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway mutations or a ploidy shift with secondary TP53 mutations and/or gain of chromosome 12p, the latter known as pathognomonic for type II GCNIS-derived TGCTs. Here, we discuss the implications of these findings, seen from the perspective of germ cell biology and the unique features of different TGCTs. The evolving phenotype of SpTs, induced by genomic and epigenetic changes, illustrates that the concept of plasticity applies to all germ cell tumours, making them inherently heterogenous and capable of significant transformation during progression. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts
- Department of Growth & Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Goriely
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kristian Almstrup
- Department of Growth & Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Dasari S, McCarthy MR, Wojcik AA, Pitel BA, Samaddar A, Tekin B, Whaley RD, Raghunathan A, Hernandez LH, Jimenez RE, Stish BJ, Thompson RH, Leibovich BC, Boorjian SA, Jeffrey Karnes R, Childs DS, Quevedo JF, Kwon ED, Pagliaro LC, Costello BA, Halling KC, Cheville JC, Kipp BR, Gupta S. Genomic attributes of prostate cancer across primary and metastatic noncastrate and castrate resistant disease states: a next generation sequencing study of 183 patients. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2024:10.1038/s41391-024-00814-2. [PMID: 38413763 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-024-00814-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Primary prostatic adenocarcinoma (pPC) undergoes genomic evolution secondary to therapy-related selection pressures as it transitions to metastatic noncastrate (mNC-PC) and castrate resistant (mCR-PC) disease. Next generation sequencing results were evaluated for pPC (n = 97), locally advanced disease (involving urinary bladder/rectum, n = 12), mNC-PC (n = 21), and mCR-PC (n = 54). We identified enrichment of TP53 alterations in high-grade pPC, TP53/RB1 alterations in HGNE disease, and AR alterations in metastatic and castrate resistant disease. Actionable alterations (MSI-H phenotype and HRR genes) were identified in approximately a fifth of all cases. These results help elucidate the landscape of genomic alterations across the clinical spectrum of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Dasari
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael R McCarthy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Antonina A Wojcik
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Beth A Pitel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Arpan Samaddar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Burak Tekin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rumeal D Whaley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aditya Raghunathan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Rafael E Jimenez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brad J Stish
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel S Childs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Eugene D Kwon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin C Halling
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John C Cheville
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Benjamin R Kipp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sounak Gupta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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