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Li N, Zeng J, Sun F, Tong X, Meng G, Wu C, Ding X, Liu L, Han M, Lu C, Dai F. p27 inhibits CDK6/CCND1 complex formation resulting in cell cycle arrest and inhibition of cell proliferation. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:2335-2348. [PMID: 30317923 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1526598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
p27 plays critical roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, which have been well studied in mammals and Drosophila. However, the mechanisms underlying p27 regulation of the cell cycle have not been thoroughly researched. In this study, Genevestigator, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, and the Human Protein Atlas databases were used to analyze the expression of p27, cell division protein kinase 6 (CDK6), and cyclin D1 (CCND1), as well as its prognostic value in different tumor tissues and corresponding normal tissues. Quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of p27, CDK6, and CCND1 in the tissues of cancer patients. The effects of p27, CDK6, and CCND1 on the proliferation of lung cancer cells were examined by the MTT assay, and flow cytometry was used to investigate the mechanism by which p27 affected cell proliferation. Immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, and Western blotting were used to determine if p27 interacted with CDK and CCND1 to regulate the cell cycle. The results showed that p27, CDK6, and CCND1 played different roles in tumorigenesis and development, which are in accordance with CDK6 and CCND1 in affecting the cell cycle and cell proliferation. p27 regulated the cell cycle and inhibited cell proliferation by affecting formation of the cell cycle-dependent complex CDK6/CCND1, but did not directly affect the expression of CDK6 and CCND1. Moreover, CCND1 did not regulate the cell cycle alone, but rather, functioned together with CDK6. This study provides insights into the effects of p27 on tumor formation and development, and the underlying regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niannian Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture , College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Jie Zeng
- a State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture , College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Fuze Sun
- a State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture , College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- a State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture , College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Gang Meng
- a State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture , College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Chunman Wu
- a State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture , College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xin Ding
- a State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture , College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture , College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Minjin Han
- a State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture , College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Cheng Lu
- a State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture , College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- a State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture , College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing , China
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Hakeem A, Shiekh AA, Bhat GM, Lone AR. Prognostification of ALL by Cytogenetics. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2015; 31:322-31. [PMID: 26085716 PMCID: PMC4465518 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-014-0483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic abnormalities in chromosomal number and structure are common in pediatric ALL and some have prognostic significance. One interesting association between cytogenetic status and treatment response involves the metabolism of methotrexate. Hyperdiploid lymphoblasts accumulate increased amounts of MTX and MTX polyglutamates, and they have higher basal apoptotic rates compared with leukemic cells with lower ploidy and normal cells. These characteristics may contribute to the better outcomes observed for patients with hyperdiploid lymphoblasts. A number of recurrent chromosomal abnormalities have been shown to have prognostic significance, especially in B-precursor ALL. Some chromosomal abnormalities are associated with more favorable outcomes, such as high hyperdiploidy (51-65 chromosomes) and the ETV6-RUNX1 fusion. Others are associated with a poorer prognosis, including the Philadelphia chromosome [t(9;22)], rearrangements of the MLL gene (chromosome 11q23), and intrachromosomal amplification of the AML1 gene (iAMP21).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansar Hakeem
- Department of Med Oncology, SKIMS SGR, Srinagar, 190011 J And K India
| | - Aejaz Aziz Shiekh
- Department of Med Oncology, SKIMS SGR, Srinagar, 190011 J And K India
| | - Gull Mohd. Bhat
- Department of Med Oncology, SKIMS SGR, Srinagar, 190011 J And K India
| | - A. R. Lone
- Department of Med Oncology, SKIMS SGR, Srinagar, 190011 J And K India
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Roy A, Banerjee S. p27 and Leukemia: Cell Cycle and Beyond. J Cell Physiol 2014; 230:504-9. [PMID: 25205053 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Roy
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division; Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics; 1/AF Bidhannagar Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - Subrata Banerjee
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division; Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics; 1/AF Bidhannagar Kolkata West Bengal India
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Feurstein S, Rücker FG, Bullinger L, Hofmann W, Manukjan G, Göhring G, Lehmann U, Heuser M, Ganser A, Döhner K, Schlegelberger B, Steinemann D. Haploinsufficiency of ETV6 and CDKN1B in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and complex karyotype. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:784. [PMID: 25213837 PMCID: PMC4168160 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia with complex karyotype (CK-AML) is a distinct biological entity associated with a very poor outcome. Since complex karyotypes frequently contain deletions of the chromosomal region 12p13 encompassing the tumor suppressor genes ETV6 and CDKN1B, we aimed to unravel their modes of inactivation in CK-AML. RESULTS To decipher deletions, mutations and methylation of ETV6 and CDKN1B, arrayCGH, SNP arrays, direct sequencing of all coding exons and pyrosequencing of the 5'UTR CpG islands of ETV6 and CDKN1B were performed. In total, 39 of 79 patients (49%) showed monoallelic deletions of 12p13 according to karyotypic data and 20 of 43 patients (47%) according to genomic profiling. Genomic profiling led to the minimal deleted region covering the 3'-UTR of ETV6 and CDKN1B. Direct sequencing revealed one novel monoallelic frameshift mutation in ETV6 while no mutations in CDKN1B were identified. Furthermore, methylation levels of ETV6 and CDKN1B did not indicate transcriptional silencing of any of these genes. ETV6 and CDKN1B had reduced expression levels in CK-AML patients with deletion in 12p13 as compared to CK-AML without deletion in 12p13, while the other genes (BCL2L14, LRP6, DUSP16 and GPRC5D) located within the minimal deleted region in 12p13 had very low or missing expression in CK-AML irrespective of their copy number status. CONCLUSIONS ETV6 and CDKN1B are mainly affected by small monoallelic deletions, whereas mutations and hypermethylation play a minor role in CK-AML. Reduced gene dosage led to reduced gene expression levels, pointing to haploinsufficiency as the relevant mechanism of inactivation of ETV6 and CDKN1B in CK-AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Feurstein
- />Institute of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank G Rücker
- />Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lars Bullinger
- />Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Winfried Hofmann
- />Institute of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georgi Manukjan
- />Institute of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gudrun Göhring
- />Institute of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lehmann
- />Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Heuser
- />Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arnold Ganser
- />Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- />Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Doris Steinemann
- />Institute of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Jayaraman A, Jamil K. Drug targets for cell cycle dysregulators in leukemogenesis: in silico docking studies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86310. [PMID: 24454966 PMCID: PMC3893288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in cell cycle regulating proteins are a key characteristic in neoplastic proliferation of lymphoblast cells in patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). The aim of our study was to investigate whether the routinely administered ALL chemotherapeutic agents would be able to bind and inhibit the key deregulated cell cycle proteins such as - Cyclins E1, D1, D3, A1 and Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDK) 2 and 6. We used Schrödinger Glide docking protocol to dock the chemotherapeutic drugs such as Doxorubicin and Daunorubicin and others which are not very common including Clofarabine, Nelarabine and Flavopiridol, to the crystal structures of these proteins. We observed that the drugs were able to bind and interact with cyclins E1 and A1 and CDKs 2 and 6 while their docking to cyclins D1 and D3 were not successful. This binding proved favorable to interact with the G1/S cell cycle phase proteins that were examined in this study and may lead to the interruption of the growth of leukemic cells. Our observations therefore suggest that these drugs could be explored for use as inhibitors for these cell cycle proteins. Further, we have also highlighted residues which could be important in the designing of pharmacophores against these cell cycle proteins. This is the first report in understanding the mechanism of action of the drugs targeting these cell cycle proteins in leukemia through the visualization of drug-target binding and molecular docking using computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Jayaraman
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Advanced Studies, Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kaiser Jamil
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Advanced Studies, Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
- * E-mail:
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Cytogenetic and molecular predictors of outcome in acute lymphocytic leukemia: recent developments. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2012; 7:133-43. [PMID: 22528731 PMCID: PMC3342501 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-012-0122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade a tremendous technologic progress based on genome-wide profiling of genetic aberrations, structural DNA alterations, and sequence variations has allowed a better understanding of the molecular basis of pediatric and adult B/T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), contributing to a better recognition of the biological heterogeneity of ALL and to a more precise definition of risk factors. Importantly, these advances identified novel potential targets for therapeutic intervention. This review will be focused on the cytogenetic/molecular advances in pediatric and adult ALL based on recently published articles.
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Bonn BR, Krieger D, Burkhardt B. Cell cycle regulatory molecular profiles of pediatric T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:557-68. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.616614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Yokoyama A, Ficara F, Murphy MJ, Meisel C, Naresh A, Kitabayashi I, Cleary ML. Proteolytically cleaved MLL subunits are susceptible to distinct degradation pathways. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:2208-19. [PMID: 21670200 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.080523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) proto-oncogenic protein is a histone-lysine N-methyltransferase that is produced by proteolytic cleavage and self-association of the respective functionally distinct subunits (MLL(N) and MLL(C)) to form a holocomplex involved in epigenetic transcriptional regulation. On the basis of studies in Drosophila it has been suggested that the separated subunits might also have distinct functions. In this study, we used a genetically engineered mouse line that lacked MLL(C) to show that the MLL(N)-MLL(C) holocomplex is responsible for MLL functions in various developmental processes. The stability of MLL(N) is dependent on its intramolecular interaction with MLL(C), which is mediated through the first and fourth plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers (PHD1 and PHD4) and the phenylalanine/tyrosine-rich (FYRN) domain of MLL(N). Free MLL(N) is destroyed by a mechanism that targets the FYRN domain, whereas free MLL(C) is exported to the cytoplasm and degraded by the proteasome. PHD1 is encoded by an alternatively spliced exon that is occasionally deleted in T-cell leukemia, and its absence produces an MLL mutant protein that is deficient for holocomplex formation. Therefore, this should be a loss-of-function mutant allele, suggesting that the known tumor suppression role of MLL may also apply to the T-cell lineage. Our data demonstrate that the dissociated MLL subunits are subjected to distinct degradation pathways and thus not likely to have separate functions unless the degradation mechanisms are inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Yokoyama
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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Costa-Guda J, Marinoni I, Molatore S, Pellegata NS, Arnold A. Somatic mutation and germline sequence abnormalities in CDKN1B, encoding p27Kip1, in sporadic parathyroid adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:E701-6. [PMID: 21289244 PMCID: PMC3070245 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-1338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Typical nonfamilial (sporadic) parathyroid adenomas are common endocrine tumors for which no predisposing germline DNA variants and only a few clonally altered genes that drive parathyroid tumorigenesis have been identified. CDKN1B, encoding cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(kip1), has recently been implicated in a multiple endocrine tumor phenotype in rats and, rarely, in a human familial MEN1 (multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1)-like disorder. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether mutation of CDKN1B might contribute to the development of common sporadic parathyroid adenomas. PATIENTS AND DESIGN We sequenced the CDKN1B gene in 86 parathyroid adenomas from patients with typical, sporadic presentations of primary hyperparathyroidism. Identified alterations were categorized as somatic or germline, and their functional consequences were examined. RESULTS CDKN1B sequence abnormalities were identified in four parathyroid adenomas. Acquired biallelic alteration of CDKN1B, resulting from somatic mutation plus loss of heterozygosity, was detected in one tumor. Germline origin was documented in two cases despite nonfamilial presentations. None of the observed alterations were found in 240 CDKN1B alleles from normal individuals, nor among more than 2,000 previously reported alleles. Most identified variants reduced p27(kip1) protein levels or altered in vitro stability. CONCLUSIONS In typical, sporadic parathyroid adenomas, CDKN1B mutation can be somatic and clonal, indicative of a directly conferred selective advantage in parathyroid tumorigenesis. Additionally, the identification of germline CDKN1B variants in patients with sporadic presentations provides evidence for CDKN1B as a susceptibility gene in the development of typical parathyroid adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Costa-Guda
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-3101, USA
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Krstic AD, Impera L, Guc-Scekic M, Lakic N, Djokic D, Slavkovic B, Storlazzi CT. A complex rearrangement involving cryptic deletion of ETV6 and CDKN1B genes in a case of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2009; 195:125-31. [PMID: 19963112 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Revised: 06/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report on a case of childhood B-cell lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Conventional cytogenetic analysis at diagnosis showed the karyotype: 47,XY,add(3)(q?),-12,+2mar[4]/46,XY[18]. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed a complex rearrangement: 47,XY,der(3)(3pter->3q29::12q13->12q24.33::12p13.31->12p13.2::12q24.33->12qter),der(12)(12pter->12p13.31::12p12.3->12q12::3q29->3qter),+del(21)(q?). The derivative chromosome 3 arose likely from multiple events due to clonal evolution. After insertion of the segment of the short arm of the chromosome 12 to the distal part of the long arm of chromosome 12 [ins(12)(q24.33p13.31p13.2)], a translocation occurred between chromosome 3 and derivative chromosome 12. Additional FISH results disclosed two heterozygous deletions flanking the translocated region on both 12p13.2 approximately p12.3 and 12q12 approximately q13.13. The deleted segment on 12p contains several genes, among the tumor suppressor genes ETV6 and CDKN1B, which are frequently involved in 12p abnormalities in childhood ALL. Thus, the present study documents the loss of both ETV6 and CDKN1B genes accompanying the occurrence of a complex rearrangement involving chromosomes 3 and 12 in a case of childhood ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Drago Krstic
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Mother and Child Health Institute Dr. Vukan Cupic, Radoja Dakica 6-8, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia.
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High-resolution genomic profiling of childhood T-ALL reveals frequent copy-number alterations affecting the TGF-beta and PI3K-AKT pathways and deletions at 6q15-16.1 as a genomic marker for unfavorable early treatment response. Blood 2009; 114:1053-62. [PMID: 19406988 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-10-186536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Precursor T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) in children represents a clinical challenge, because relapses are usually fatal. It is thus necessary to identify high-risk patients as early as possible to effectively individualize treatment. We aimed to define novel molecular risk markers in T-ALL and performed array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) and expression analyses in 73 patients. We show that DNA copy-number changes are common in T-ALL and affect 70 of 73 (96%) patients. Notably, genomic imbalances predicted to down-regulate the TGF-beta or up-regulate the PI3K-AKT pathways are identified in 25 of 73 (34%) and 21 of 73 (29%) patients, suggesting that these pathways play key roles in T-ALL leukemogenesis. Furthermore, we identified a deletion at 6q15-16.1 in 9 of 73 (12%) of the patients, which predicts poor early treatment response. This deletion includes the CASP8AP2 gene, whose expression is shown to be down-regulated. The interaction of CASP8AP2 with CASP8 plays a crucial role in apoptotic regulation, suggesting a functional link between the clinical effect of the deletion and the molecular mode of action. The data presented here implicate the TGF-beta and PI3K-AKT pathways in T-ALL leukemogenesis and identify a subgroup of patients with CASP8AP2 deletions and poor early treatment response.
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