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Elkin R, Oh JH, Dela Cruz F, Norton L, Deasy JO, Kung AL, Tannenbaum AR. Dynamic network curvature analysis of gene expression reveals novel potential therapeutic targets in sarcoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:488. [PMID: 38177639 PMCID: PMC10766622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Network properties account for the complex relationship between genes, making it easier to identify complex patterns in their interactions. In this work, we leveraged these network properties for dual purposes. First, we clustered pediatric sarcoma tumors using network information flow as a similarity metric, computed by the Wasserstein distance. We demonstrate that this approach yields the best concordance with histological subtypes, validated against three state-of-the-art methods. Second, to identify molecular targets that would be missed by more conventional methods of analysis, we applied a novel unsupervised method to cluster gene interactomes represented as networks in pediatric sarcoma. RNA-Seq data were mapped to protein-level interactomes to construct weighted networks that were then subjected to a non-Euclidean, multi-scale geometric approach centered on a discrete notion of curvature. This provides a measure of the functional association among genes in the context of their connectivity. In confirmation of the validity of this method, hierarchical clustering revealed the characteristic EWSR1-FLI1 fusion in Ewing sarcoma. Furthermore, assessing the effects of in silico edge perturbations and simulated gene knockouts as quantified by changes in curvature, we found non-trivial gene associations not previously identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Elkin
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, USA.
| | - Jung Hun Oh
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Filemon Dela Cruz
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Larry Norton
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Joseph O Deasy
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Andrew L Kung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Allen R Tannenbaum
- Departments of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, USA
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2
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Molecular Signature of Biological Aggressiveness in Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney (CCSK). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043743. [PMID: 36835166 PMCID: PMC9964999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is a rare pediatric renal tumor with a worse prognosis than Wilms' tumor. Although recently, BCOR internal tandem duplication (ITD) has been found as a driver mutation in more than 80% of cases, a deep molecular characterization of this tumor is still lacking, as well as its correlation with the clinical course. The aim of this study was to investigate the differential molecular signature between metastatic and localized BCOR-ITD-positive CCSK at diagnosis. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-transcriptome sequencing (WTS) were performed on six localized and three metastatic BCOR-ITD-positive CCSKs, confirming that this tumor carries a low mutational burden. No significant recurrences of somatic or germline mutations other than BCOR-ITD were identified among the evaluated samples. Supervised analysis of gene expression data showed enrichment of hundreds of genes, with a significant overrepresentation of the MAPK signaling pathway in metastatic cases (p < 0.0001). Within the molecular signature of metastatic CCSK, five genes were highly and significantly over-expressed: FGF3, VEGFA, SPP1, ADM, and JUND. The role of FGF3 in the acquisition of a more aggressive phenotype was investigated in a cell model system obtained by introducing the ITD into the last exon of BCOR by Crispr/Cas9 gene editing of the HEK-293 cell line. Treatment with FGF3 of BCOR-ITD HEK-293 cell line induced a significant increase in cell migration versus both untreated and scramble cell clone. The identification of over-expressed genes in metastatic CCSKs, with a particular focus on FGF3, could offer new prognostic and therapeutic targets in more aggressive cases.
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3
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Doganis D, Karalexi MA, Panagopoulou P, Bouka P, Bouka E, Markozannes G, Ntzani EE, Steliarova-Foucher E, Petridou ET. Incidence patterns of childhood non-Wilms renal tumors: Comparing data of the Nationwide Registry of Childhood Hematological Malignancies and Solid Tumors (NARECHEM-ST), Greece, and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER), USA. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 78:102153. [PMID: 35390585 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We used, for the first time, data registered in the Nationwide Registry for Childhood Hematological Malignancies and Solid Tumors (NARECHEM-ST)-Greece to estimate incidence/time trends of the rare childhood (0-14 years) non-Wilms tumors (non-WT), and compared the results of malignant non-WT to those from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER)-USA. METHODS Fifty-five cases (n = 33 malignant-only) were extracted from NARECHEM-ST (2001-2020) and 332 malignant cases from SEER (1990-2017). To allow between-country comparisons, age-standardized incidence rates (AIR) of malignant-only non-WT were calculated, and temporal trends were evaluated using Poisson and joinpoint regressions. RESULTS In NARECHEM-ST, malignant and non-malignant non-WT accounted for 22.6% of all renal tumors. Among malignant tumors, the AIR was 1.0/106 children in Greece, similar to that calculated for SEER, USA (AIR=0.9/106). The proportion of infant malignant and non-malignant non-WT was 27% (20% before 6 months) in NARECHEM-ST. Most common non-WT in Greece were congenital mesoblastic nephromas (CMN) diagnosed mainly in infancy (CIR=7.2/106). The proportion of infant malignant non-WT was 20% in SEER (AIRinfancy=2.5/106), mainly attributed to rhabdoid tumors (CIR=1.6/106). The male-to-female (M:F) ratio of malignant non-WT was 0.9 in NARECHEM-ST vs. 1.2 in SEER, whereas boys outnumbered girls with clear cell sarcoma in NARECHEM-ST (M:F=4.0). Lastly, significantly increasing trends in incidence rates were noted in NARECHEM-ST [+ 6.8%, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.5, 13.3] and in SEER (+7.3%, 95%CI: 5.6, 9.0). CONCLUSIONS Observed incidence, time trends and sociodemographic variations of non-WT may reflect differential registration practices and healthcare delivery patterns including differences regarding surveillance, coding and treatment practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Doganis
- Hellenic Society for Social Pediatrics and Health Promotion, Athens, Greece; Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, "P&A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria A Karalexi
- Hellenic Society for Social Pediatrics and Health Promotion, Athens, Greece; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Panagiota Bouka
- Hellenic Society for Social Pediatrics and Health Promotion, Athens, Greece
| | - Evdoxia Bouka
- Hellenic Society for Social Pediatrics and Health Promotion, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Markozannes
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Evangelia E Ntzani
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece; Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Eva Steliarova-Foucher
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Eleni Th Petridou
- Hellenic Society for Social Pediatrics and Health Promotion, Athens, Greece; Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Pandey AR, Agarwal S, Joshi R, Agarwal N, Aggarwal M, Joshi R. Techniques to avoid hypothermic circulatory arrest in the management of renal tumor with right atrium extension in children. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 38:92-95. [PMID: 34898884 PMCID: PMC8630269 DOI: 10.1007/s12055-021-01256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney is a rare variety of renal tumor accounting for less than 5% of all pediatric renal tumors. Cardiopulmonary bypass along with hypothermic circulatory arrest is frequently used for management of tumor thrombus extending into supra-hepatic inferior vena cava and right atrium. In this paper, we present a strategy of avoiding circulatory arrest and hypothermia and thereby fast-tracking the recovery in managing a case of clear cell sarcoma of the kidney in a 3.5-year-old child with tumor thrombus extending into the right atrium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satish Agarwal
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sir Gangaram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Reena Joshi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Sciences, Sir Gangaram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Sciences, Sir Gangaram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Mridul Aggarwal
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Sciences, Sir Gangaram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Raja Joshi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Sciences, Sir Gangaram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Exosomal miR-214-3p as a potential novel biomarker for rhabdoid tumor of the kidney. Pediatr Surg Int 2021; 37:1783-1790. [PMID: 34491386 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-021-04989-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (RTK) is a rare, highly aggressive pediatric renal tumor. No specific biomarkers are available for detection of RTK, and the initial differential diagnosis from other pediatric abdominal tumors, including neuroblastoma (NB), is difficult. Exosomal miRNAs are novel cancer biomarkers that can be detected in biological fluids. We explored candidate RTK-specific exosomal miRNAs as novel biomarkers of RTK. METHODS Exosomal miRNAs were collected from conditioned media of human RTK-derived cell lines, a human embryonic renal cell line, and human NB-derived cell lines. miRNA sequencing (miRNA-Seq) was performed to detect candidate RTK-specific exosomal miRNAs. The exosomal miRNA expression in conditioned media of tumor cell lines and serum from RTK xenograft-bearing mice was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS The expression of exosomal miR-214-3p detected by miRNA-Seq was highest in RTK-derived cell lines. Exosomal miR-214-3p expression level determined by qRT-PCR was significantly higher in RTK-derived cell lines than in the human embryonic renal cell line or NB-derived cell lines. Furthermore, the serum exosomal miR-214-3p expression level was significantly higher in RTK xenograft mice than controls. CONCLUSION Our data indicated that exosomal miR-214-3p has potential as a novel biomarker of RTK.
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Abstract
Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney is the second most common primary renal malignancy in childhood. It is histologically diverse, making accurate diagnosis challenging in some cases. Recent molecular studies have uncovered BCOR exon 15 internal tandem duplications in most cases, and YWHAE-NUTM2 fusion in a few cases, with the remaining cases having other genetic mutations, including BCOR-CCNB3 fusion and EGFR mutations. Although clear cell sarcoma of the kidney has no specific immunophenotype, several markers including cyclin D1, nerve growth factor receptor, and BCOR (BCL6 corepressor) have emerged as potential diagnostic aides. This review provides a concise account of recent advances in our understanding of clear cell sarcoma of the kidney to serve as a practical update for the practicing pathologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Jet Aw
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kenneth Tou En Chang
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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7
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Muyi MMD, Bei XMD, Weiling CMD, Jianming SMD. Ultrasonic Imaging of Clear Cell Sarcoma of Kidney: A Case Report. ADVANCED ULTRASOUND IN DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.37015/audt.2019.190803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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8
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Wang H, Yao Z, Liu Q. Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma Presenting with Hematuria in a Neonate. J NIPPON MED SCH 2018; 85:297-299. [PMID: 30464149 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2018_85-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) is a rare tumor of infancy. CMNs can be histologically divided into classic, cellular, and mixed subtypes. Cellular CMNs are difficult to differentiate from Wilms tumors. Herein, a neonate with cellular CMN accompanied by macroscopic hematuria, is described. The clinical, pathological, and imaging features of the disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University
| | - Zhigang Yao
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University
| | - Qingwei Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University
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TLE1 Positive Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Pathol 2018; 2018:3462096. [PMID: 30410809 PMCID: PMC6206519 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3462096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is an uncommon malignant tumor of uncertain histogenesis that occurs most commonly in childhood. Histologically, CCSK can mimic myxoid variant of synovial sarcoma (SS); however, the double positivity for CD99 and TLE1 in SS helps in excluding CCSK. Herein, we report a rare case of CCSK arising in the left kidney of a 3-year-old girl. The mass grossly measured 9.5 cm in maximum dimension and histologically showed the classic arborizing fibrovascular septae and background myxoid matrix that is usually seen in CCSK. The tumor however was double positive for CD99 and TLE1 which made it difficult to discriminate it from the myxoid variant of SS based on histopathological examination and immunophenotype alone, and genetic analysis for SYT gene rearrangement was required to reach a definitive diagnosis. Although there have been previous case reports of CCSK with positive expression of CD99 and negative TLE1, to our knowledge, this is the first case of CCSK expressing both CD99 and TLE1.
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10
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Camille A, Anne-Sophie B, Cécile P, Severine BC, Gaelle P, Olivier D, Geraldine SS, Leer-Florin AM, Eleni N, Christian P, Chantal D, Dominique P, Hervé S. Sarcoma With CIC-DUX4 Gene Fusion: Case Report of Kidney Tumor Location in a 12-year-old Boy. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2018; 21:406-410. [PMID: 28466754 DOI: 10.1177/1093526617706818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent molecular advances have identified a novel sarcoma defined molecularly by oncogenic fusion of the genes CIC and DUX4 termed CIC-DUX4 sarcomas. The most common site of involvement was the trunk but some cases have been described in the head and neck and extremities. We report one of the first cases of primitive renal CIC-DUX4 sarcoma: a 12-year-old boy who presented a renal tumor, a vena cava thrombus, and lung metastases. The morphological and immunohistochemical analysis showed an undifferentiated sarcoma. Molecular analysis demonstrated a CIC-DUX4 translocation, confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Despite treatment with chemotherapy, the evolution was unfavorable and the patient died 17 months after the diagnosis in a context of brain metastases. The diagnosis of sarcoma with CIC-DUX4 gene fusion is difficult in lack of specific pathological characteristics emphasizing the need for molecular analysis. Treatment has not yet been codified for these very aggressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allirot Camille
- 1 Département D'oncologie Pédiatrique, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Perret Cécile
- 1 Département D'oncologie Pédiatrique, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Pierron Gaelle
- 3 INSERM U830, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Delattre Olivier
- 3 INSERM U830, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Nika Eleni
- 2 Département de Pathologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Durand Chantal
- 5 Département de Radiologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Plantaz Dominique
- 1 Département D'oncologie Pédiatrique, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Sartelet Hervé
- 2 Département de Pathologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
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12
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Sarcome à cellules fusiformes du rein de l’adulte : A propos d’un cas. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.afju.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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13
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Li S, Shi J, Gao H, Yuan Y, Chen Q, Zhao Z, Wang X, Li B, Ming L, Zhong J, Zhou P, He H, Tao B, Li S. Identification of a gene signature associated with radiotherapy and prognosis in gliomas. Oncotarget 2017; 8:88974-88987. [PMID: 29179492 PMCID: PMC5687662 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common primary brain tumors with poor prognosis. Although radiotherapy is an important treatment method for gliomas, the efficacy is still limited by the high occurrence of radioresistance and the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. Here, we performed a data mining work based on four glioma expression datasets. These datasets were classified into training set and validation set. Radiotherapy-induced differential expressed genes and prognosis-associated genes were screened using different classifiers. The Kaplan-Meier curves along with the two-sided Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) test were used to evaluate overall survival. We found the gene expression profiles of gliomas between those patients received radiotherapy and those patients without received radiotherapy were quite different. A 20-gene signature was identified, which was associated with radiotherapy.Furthermore, a novel 5-gene signature (HOXC10, LOC101928747, CYB561D2, RPL36A and RPS4XP2) as an independent predictor of glioma patients’ prognosis was further derived from the 20-gene signature. These findings provided a new insight into the molecular mechanism of radioresistance in gliomas. The 5-gene signature might represent therapeutic target for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Juanhong Shi
- Department of Pathology Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hongliang Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - LinZhao Ming
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hua He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated with The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bangbao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shiting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Weaver J, Ho T, Lang A, Koenig JF, Coplen DE, Dehner L, Traxel EJ. Bladder Recurrence of Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney Seven Years After Initial Presentation. Urology 2017; 106:193-195. [PMID: 28438624 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is the second most common pediatric renal malignancy after Wilms tumor. CCSK has the potential to metastasize to distant sites and was historically known as the bone metastasizing renal tumor. We report an exceedingly rare case of a bladder recurrence of CCSK. Our patient presented with gross hematuria 7 years after initial complete response. He was found to have a large sessile bladder tumor and underwent a partial cystectomy with right pelvic lymph node dissection. Final pathology was metastatic CCSK.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Weaver
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tammy Ho
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Adam Lang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Joel F Koenig
- Department of Urology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO
| | - Douglas E Coplen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Louis Dehner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Erica J Traxel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
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15
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Sudour-Bonnange H, Dijoud F, Leclair MD, Rocourt N, Bergeron C. [Clear cell sarcoma of kidney in children]. Bull Cancer 2016; 103:402-11. [PMID: 26927827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is a rare tumor that is diagnosed most often in children between 2- and 4-years-old of age. Usually, patients with CCSK are treated in international study for intrarenal tumors, preferentially Wilms tumor, according to bad histopronostic group. The purpose of this paper is to review the most important features in 2015 about epidemiology, radiology, anatomopathology and genetic of CCSK, and above all a synthesis about successive treatment strategies with their results. Second most common pediatric renal tumor in children less than 5-years-old, its prognosis has improved dramatically in recent years with the use of anthracyclines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Sudour-Bonnange
- Centre Oscar-Lambret, unité d'oncologie pédiatrique, 3, rue Frederic-Combemale, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Frédérique Dijoud
- Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, département de pathologie, 69677 Bron, France; Université Claude-Bernard, Lyon 1, France
| | | | - Nathalie Rocourt
- Centre Oscar-Lambret, département d'imagerie, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Bergeron
- Centre Léon-Bérard, institut d'hématologie et d'oncologie pédiatrique, 69008 Lyon, France
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16
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Mazdar A, Sakel AA, Essatara Y, Beddouche A, Elsayegh H, Iken A, Benslimane L, Nouini Y. [Not Available]. Can Urol Assoc J 2014; 8:E387-E390. [PMID: 24940474 PMCID: PMC4039611 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.1748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Le sarcome à cellules claires du rein (SCCR) se voit très rarement chez les jeunes. Il est caractérisé par une évolution agressive marquée par un taux élevé de récidive et de mortalité. Nous rapportons le cas d’un SCCR chez un patient de 17 ans et nous discutons de son apport et de son intérêt médical en vue d’une bonne prise en charge thérapeutique. L’agressivité du SCCR et la prolifération de métastases surtout osseuses impliquent qu’il ne faut pas méconnaître ce diagnostic afin de mettre en place un traitement adapté.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ali Iken
- Service d’urologie «A,» CHU Rabat, Maroc
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Clinically relevant subsets identified by gene expression patterns support a revised ontogenic model of Wilms tumor: a Children's Oncology Group Study. Neoplasia 2013; 14:742-56. [PMID: 22952427 DOI: 10.1593/neo.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumors (WT) have provided broad insights into the interface between development and tumorigenesis. Further understanding is confounded by their genetic, histologic, and clinical heterogeneity, the basis of which remains largely unknown. We evaluated 224 WT for global gene expression patterns; WT1, CTNNB1, and WTX mutation; and 11p15 copy number and methylation patterns. Five subsets were identified showing distinct differences in their pathologic and clinical features: these findings were validated in 100 additional WT. The gene expression pattern of each subset was compared with published gene expression profiles during normal renal development. A novel subset of epithelial WT in infants lacked WT1, CTNNB1, and WTX mutations and nephrogenic rests and displayed a gene expression pattern of the postinduction nephron, and none recurred. Three subsets were characterized by a low expression of WT1 and intralobar nephrogenic rests. These differed in their frequency of WT1 and CTNNB1 mutations, in their age, in their relapse rate, and in their expression similarities with the intermediate mesoderm versus the metanephric mesenchyme. The largest subset was characterized by biallelic methylation of the imprint control region 1, a gene expression profile of the metanephric mesenchyme, and both interlunar and perilobar nephrogenic rests. These data provide a biologic explanation for the clinical and pathologic heterogeneity seen within WT and enable the future development of subset-specific therapeutic strategies. Further, these data support a revision of the current model of WT ontogeny, which allows for an interplay between the type of initiating event and the developmental stage in which it occurs.
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Gadd S, Beezhold P, Jennings L, George D, Leuer K, Huang CC, Huff V, Tognon C, Sorensen PHB, Triche T, Coffin CM, Perlman EJ. Mediators of receptor tyrosine kinase activation in infantile fibrosarcoma: a Children's Oncology Group study. J Pathol 2012; 228:119-30. [PMID: 22374738 DOI: 10.1002/path.4010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Infantile fibrosarcoma (IFS; also known as cellular congenital mesoblastic nephroma, CMN, when in the kidney) is a rare, undifferentiated tumour often characterized by the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion transcript. Our goal was to identify downstream pathways, diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets for IFS/CMN. Global gene expression, reverse-phase protein array and ETV6-NTRK3 fusion analyses were performed on 14 IFS/CMN and compared with 41 other paediatric renal tumours. These analyses confirm significant receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation, with evidence of PI3-Akt, MAPK and SRC activation. In particular, GAB2 docking protein, STAT5-pTyr-694, STAT3-pSer-729 and YAP-pSer-127 were elevated, and TAZ-pSer-89 was decreased. This provides mRNA and proteomic evidence that GAB2, STAT activation and phosphorylation of the Hippo pathway transcription co-activators YAP and TAZ contribute to the RTK signal transduction in IFS/CMN. All IFS/CMN tumours displayed a distinctive gene expression pattern that may be diagnostically useful. Unexpectedly, abundant ETV6-NTRK3 transcript copies were present in only 7/14 IFS, with very low copy number in 3/14. An additional 4/14 were negative by RT-PCR and absence of ETV6-NTRK3 was confirmed by FISH for both ETV6 and NTRK3. Therefore, molecular mechanisms other than ETV6-NTRK3 fusion are responsible for the development of some IFS/CMNs and the absence of ETV6-NTRK3 fusion products should not exclude IFS/CMN as a diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Gadd
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Gooskens SLM, Furtwängler R, Vujanic GM, Dome JS, Graf N, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM. Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney: a review. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48:2219-26. [PMID: 22579455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is a rare renal tumour that is observed most often in children under 3years of age. Only a few large series of CCSK have been reported and patients with CCSK are often included among patients with other types of childhood renal tumours. The purpose of this paper is to review the published series and case reports of CCSK and to create an up-to-date overview of clinical and histological features, genetics, treatment, and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L M Gooskens
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Dr. Molewaterplein 60, 3015 GJ Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, van Tinteren H, Rehorst H, Coulombe A, Patte C, de Camargo B, de Kraker J, Leuschner I, Lugtenberg R, Pritchard-Jones K, Sandstedt B, Spreafico F, Graf N, Vujanic GM. Malignant rhabdoid tumours of the kidney (MRTKs), registered on recent SIOP protocols from 1993 to 2005: a report of the SIOP renal tumour study group. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 56:733-7. [PMID: 21370404 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival data of malignant rhabdoid tumour of the kidney (MRTK) registered in SIOP trials, advocating preoperative chemotherapy, are not available. AIM To evaluate characteristics, response and survival of MRTK patients registered in recent SIOP protocols. METHODS An evaluation of all MRTK patients treated from 1993 to 2005 (SIOP trials 93-01 and 2001) was performed. Data were obtained from study specific case record forms and entered centrally in a database. RESULTS Hundred and seven patients were identified (57 male), with a median age at diagnosis of 13 months (interquartile range 6-27 months), and a median follow-up time of 60 months. Left and right kidneys were equally affected. Tumour stage distribution was stage I (6%), stage II (22%), stage III (43%), stage IV (22%) and stage V (3%). Stage IV patients included 17 with pulmonary metastasis (8 lung-only) and 12 with multiple organ metastases (bone, brain and liver). Primary surgery was the upfront treatment approach in 22/107 patients (21%), by which 19 patients reached a complete remission (CR). Median difference in tumour volume before and after preoperative chemotherapy was 69 ml (interquartile range: 4.5-158.0, P < 0.0001), indicating marked chemosensitivity. The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) of the total group was 22% (95% CI: 15-33) and overall survival 26% (95% CI: 18-37). Most events (86%) occurred within the first 2 years after diagnosis. Younger age at diagnosis was an important adverse prognostic factors for survival. In contrast, tumour volume at diagnosis, nor volume reduction was associated with outcome. CONCLUSION MRTK has a poor outcome especially in young and advanced-stage disease patients. Neither tumour volume at diagnosis, nor pre-operative chemosensitivity are prognostic factors for survival.
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Thomson TA, Klijanienko J, Couturier J, Brisse H, Pierron G, Freneaux P, Sastre-Garau X, Lagace R, Bourdeaut F. Fine-needle aspiration of renal and extrarenal rhabdoid tumors. Cancer Cytopathol 2010; 119:49-57. [DOI: 10.1002/cncy.20121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 07/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Namaoui RY, Castex MP, Vial J, Galinier P, Rubie H, Laprie Mazieres A, Le Mandat A, Brousset P, Delsol-Tahou M. [Clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney: about a paediatric case]. Prog Urol 2010; 20:465-8. [PMID: 20538213 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2009.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is a rare malignant tumor of childhood, known for its aggressiveness, its tendency to recurrence and to metastasis to bone. We report an observation of a child of 48 months carrying a large abdominal mass. The diagnosis of the SCCR was made on biopsy, since imaging remained uncertain as to the renal origin of the mass. Indeed, our observation underlines the difficulty of its diagnosis. Excepting the morphological aspect, there is no criterion for its recognition. Its prognosis has been improved by the new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Y Namaoui
- Service d'anatomie cytologie pathologique, 330, avenue de Grande-Bretagne, place du Docteur-Baylac, TSA 40031, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
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Gadd S, Sredni ST, Huang CC, Perlman EJ. Rhabdoid tumor: gene expression clues to pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets. J Transl Med 2010; 90:724-38. [PMID: 20212451 PMCID: PMC2868345 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2010.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdoid tumors (RT) are aggressive tumors characterized by genetic loss of SMARCB1 (SNF5, INI-1), a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. No effective treatment is currently available. This study seeks to shed light on the SMARCB1-mediated pathogenesis of RT and to discover potential therapeutic targets. Global gene expression of 10 RT was compared with 12 cellular mesoblastic nephromas, 16 clear cell sarcomas of the kidney, and 15 Wilms tumors. In all, 114 top genes were differentially expressed in RT (P<0.001, fold change >2 or <0.5). Among these were downregulation of SMARCB1 and genes previously associated with SMARCB1 (ATP1B1, PTN, DOCK4, NQO1, PLOD1, PTP4A2, PTPRK); 28/114 top differentially expressed genes were involved with neural or neural crest development and were all sharply downregulated. This was confirmed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Neural and neural crest stem cell marker proteins SOX10, ID3, CD133, and Musashi were negative by immunohistochemistry, whereas Nestin was positive. Decreased expression of CDKN1A, CDKN1B, CDKN1C, CDKN2A, and CCND1 was identified, while MYC-C was upregulated. GSEA of independent gene sets associated with bivalent histone modification and polycomb group targets in embryonic stem cells showed significant negative enrichment in RT. Several differentially expressed genes were associated with tumor suppression, invasion, and metastasis, including SPP1 (osteopontin), COL18A1 (endostatin), PTPRK, and DOCK4. We conclude that RTs arise within early progenitor cells during a critical developmental window in which loss of SMARCB1 directly results in repression of neural development, loss of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition, and trithorax/polycomb dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Gadd
- The Department of Pathology, Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Chicago IL
| | - Simone Treiger Sredni
- The Department of Pathology, Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Chicago IL
| | - Chiang-Ching Huang
- The Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Chicago IL
| | - Elizabeth J. Perlman
- The Department of Pathology, Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Chicago IL
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Sredni ST, Gadd S, Huang CC, Breslow N, Grundy P, Green DM, Dome JS, Shamberger RC, Beckwith JB, Perlman EJ. Subsets of very low risk Wilms tumor show distinctive gene expression, histologic, and clinical features. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:6800-9. [PMID: 19903788 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies suggest that children <24 months with stage I favorable histology Wilms tumors <550 g [very low risk Wilms tumors (VLRWT)] have an excellent prognosis when treated with nephrectomy only, without adjuvant chemotherapy. The identification of risk categories within VLRWT may enable refinement of their definition and optimization of their therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To define biologically distinct subsets, global gene expression analysis was done on 39 VLRWT that passed all quality-control parameters and the clusters identified were validated in an independent set of 11 VLRWT. Validation of select differentially expressed genes was done with immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray from 20 of 39 tumors. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for 11p15, 1p, and 16q was analyzed in 52 tumors using PCR. RESULTS Two distinctive clusters were identified. One cluster included 9 tumors with epithelial differentiated tubular histology, paucity of nephrogenic rests, lack of LOH for 1p, 16q, and 11p, absence of relapse, and a unique gene expression profile consistent with arrest following mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. The second cluster included 13 tumors with mixed histology, intralobar nephrogenic rests, and decreased expression of WT1. Three of 6 relapses occurred in this cluster. Of 43 informative tumors, 11p LOH was present in 5 of 5 relapses and 11 of 38 nonrelapses. CONCLUSIONS Two subsets comprising a total of 56% of VLRWT are identified that have pathogenetic and molecular differences and apparent differences in risk for relapse. If these predictors can be prospectively validated, this would enable the refinement of clinical stratification and less arbitrary definition of VLRWT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone T Sredni
- Departments of Pathology and Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Boo YJ, Fisher JC, Haley MJ, Cowles RA, Kandel JJ, Yamashiro DJ. Vascular characterization of clear cell sarcoma of the kidney in a child: a case report and review. J Pediatr Surg 2009; 44:2031-6. [PMID: 19853769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2009.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is uncommon pediatric renal tumor and can present a significant therapeutic challenge in those patients whose tumors spread beyond the kidney. Thus, identifying potential novel targets for treatment may be clinically important. Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney is characterized by a unique vascular pattern, in which nests of tumor cells are separated by regularly-spaced, fine fibrovascular septa. This distinctive histopathology raises the possibility that understanding the factors which drive angiogenesis in CCSK tumors may suggest new therapeutic targets. Here, we describe a case of CCSK and present immunohistochemical studies of its vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jung Boo
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Korea
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26
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Kurian SM, Heilman R, Mondala TS, Nakorchevsky A, Hewel JA, Campbell D, Robison EH, Wang L, Lin W, Gaber L, Solez K, Shidban H, Mendez R, Schaffer RL, Fisher JS, Flechner SM, Head SR, Horvath S, Yates JR, Marsh CL, Salomon DR. Biomarkers for early and late stage chronic allograft nephropathy by proteogenomic profiling of peripheral blood. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6212. [PMID: 19593431 PMCID: PMC2703807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite significant improvements in life expectancy of kidney transplant patients due to advances in surgery and immunosuppression, Chronic Allograft Nephropathy (CAN) remains a daunting problem. A complex network of cellular mechanisms in both graft and peripheral immune compartments complicates the non-invasive diagnosis of CAN, which still requires biopsy histology. This is compounded by non-immunological factors contributing to graft injury. There is a pressing need to identify and validate minimally invasive biomarkers for CAN to serve as early predictors of graft loss and as metrics for managing long-term immunosuppression. Methods We used DNA microarrays, tandem mass spectroscopy proteomics and bioinformatics to identify genomic and proteomic markers of mild and moderate/severe CAN in peripheral blood of two distinct cohorts (n = 77 total) of kidney transplant patients with biopsy-documented histology. Findings Gene expression profiles reveal over 2400 genes for mild CAN, and over 700 for moderate/severe CAN. A consensus analysis reveals 393 (mild) and 63 (moderate/severe) final candidates as CAN markers with predictive accuracy of 80% (mild) and 92% (moderate/severe). Proteomic profiles show over 500 candidates each, for both stages of CAN including 302 proteins unique to mild and 509 unique to moderate/severe CAN. Conclusions This study identifies several unique signatures of transcript and protein biomarkers with high predictive accuracies for mild and moderate/severe CAN, the most common cause of late allograft failure. These biomarkers are the necessary first step to a proteogenomic classification of CAN based on peripheral blood profiling and will be the targets of a prospective clinical validation study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil M. Kurian
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | | | - Tony S. Mondala
- DNA Microarray Core, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Aleksey Nakorchevsky
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Johannes A. Hewel
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel Campbell
- DNA Microarray Core, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth H. Robison
- DNA Microarray Core, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Wen Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Lillian Gaber
- The Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kim Solez
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Hamid Shidban
- St. Vincent Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Mendez
- St. Vincent Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Randolph L. Schaffer
- Scripps Center for Organ and Cell Transplantation, Scripps Health, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan S. Fisher
- Scripps Center for Organ and Cell Transplantation, Scripps Health, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Stuart M. Flechner
- Glickman Urological Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Steve R. Head
- DNA Microarray Core, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - John R. Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher L. Marsh
- Scripps Center for Organ and Cell Transplantation, Scripps Health, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Salomon
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Scripps Center for Organ and Cell Transplantation, Scripps Health, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sirintrapun SJ, Parwani AV. Molecular Pathology of the Genitourinary Tract: Molecular Pathology of Kidney and Testes. Surg Pathol Clin 2009; 2:199-223. [PMID: 26838102 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2008.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of newer molecular technologies, our knowledge of cellular mechanisms with tumors of the kidney and testis has grown exponentially. Molecular technologies have led to better understanding of interplay between the von Hippel-Lindau gene and angiogenic cytokines in renal cancer and isochromosome 12p in testicular neoplasms. The result has been development of antiangiogenic-targeted therapy within recent years that has become the mainstay treatment for metastatic renal cell cancer. In the near future, classification and diagnosis of renal and testicular tumors through morphologic analysis will be supplemented by molecular information correlating to prognosis and targeted therapy. This article outlines tumor molecular pathology of the kidney and testis encompassing current genomic, epigenomic, and proteonomic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Joseph Sirintrapun
- Pathology Informatics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Anil V Parwani
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Shadyside Hospital, Room WG 07, 5230 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
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Huang CC, Gadd S, Breslow N, Cutcliffe C, Sredni ST, Helenowski IB, Dome JS, Grundy PE, Green DM, Fritsch MK, Perlman EJ. Predicting relapse in favorable histology Wilms tumor using gene expression analysis: a report from the Renal Tumor Committee of the Children's Oncology Group. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:1770-8. [PMID: 19208794 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The past two decades has seen significant improvement in the overall survival of patients with favorable histology Wilms tumor (FHWT); however, this progress has reached a plateau. Further improvements may rely on the ability to better stratify patients by risk of relapse. This study determines the feasibility and potential clinical utility of classifiers of relapse based on global gene expression analysis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Two hundred fifty FHWT of all stages enriched for relapses treated on National Wilms Tumor Study-5 passed quality variables and were suitable for analysis using oligonucleotide arrays. Relapse risk stratification used support vector machine; 2- and 10-fold cross-validations were applied. RESULTS The number of genes associated with relapse was less than that predicted by chance alone for 106 patients (32 relapses) with stages I and II FHWT treated with chemotherapy, and no further analyses were done. This number was greater than expected by chance for 76 local stage III patients. Cross-validation including an additional 68 local stage III patients (total 144 patients, 53 relapses) showed that classifiers for relapse composed of 50 genes were associated with a median sensitivity of 47% and specificity of 70%. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the feasibility and modest accuracy of stratifying local stage III FHWT using a classifier of <50 genes. Validation using an independent patient population is needed. Analysis of genes differentially expressed in relapse patients revealed apoptosis, Wnt signaling, insulin-like growth factor pathway, and epigenetic modification to be mechanisms important in relapse. Potential therapeutic targets include FRAP/MTOR and CD40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Ching Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA
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Gratias EJ, Dome JS. Current and emerging chemotherapy treatment strategies for Wilms tumor in North America. Paediatr Drugs 2008; 10:115-24. [PMID: 18345721 DOI: 10.2165/00148581-200810020-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Wilms tumor is the most common primary renal malignancy occurring in childhood. Approximately 500 children are diagnosed with Wilms tumor annually in the US alone, most of whom are aged <5 years. Several prognostic factors have been identified, including stage of disease, tumor histology, patient age, tumor weight, and tumor-specific loss of heterozygosity for chromosomes 1p and 16q. During the period from 1969 to 2002, the National Wilms Tumor Study Group coordinated five multicenter Wilms tumor studies. The overall survival rate for Wilms tumor has risen to >90% for patients with tumors of favorable histology. However, the treatment of patients with Wilms tumor with anaplastic histology remains challenging. The optimal treatment strategies for Wilms tumor in relapse will be studied via international collaboration in the near future. Goals of emerging studies include minimizing toxicity while maintaining the outstanding cure rates for patients with a good prognosis and, through advancing biologic understanding and developing novel therapeutic approaches, improving the prognosis for those patients in whom effective cure of their disease continues to elude physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Gratias
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, T.C. Thompson Children's Hospital, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA.
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Abstract
The role of the pathologist has been fundamental in the progress of the treatment of paediatric renal tumours. There are different philosophies in the treatment of these tumours, and there have been many recent advances in the areas of chemotherapy, identification of new entities, prognostic histological criteria following treatment and molecular prognostic and diagnostic features. This review discusses the different approaches of the different treatment protocols from Europe and North America, and reviews staging criteria, prognostic criteria and also the different tumour entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordan M Vujanic
- Paediatric Pathology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, United Kingdom
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Radulescu VC, Gerrard M, Moertel C, Grundy PE, Mathias L, Feusner J, Diller L, Dome JS. Treatment of recurrent clear cell sarcoma of the kidney with brain metastasis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008; 50:246-9. [PMID: 17226850 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.21131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is known for its propensity to metastasize to bone, but it also spreads to other sites including the brain. This study was undertaken to describe the treatment and outcomes of patients with recurrent CCSK involving the brain. METHODS A retrospective records review was conducted on eight patients with CCSK who developed brain metastases after complete responses to initial therapy. RESULTS The recurrences occurred at a median of 24.5 months after initial diagnosis (range, 12-53 months). At the time of recurrence, patients were treated with multimodal therapy including biopsy or resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. All patients received a variable number of courses of ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE), with or without other agents. Four patients received high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue. One patient died from complications of bacteremia 8 weeks after starting chemotherapy. The other seven patients achieved a complete response after either surgery or ICE chemotherapy. Of these, six patients were alive without disease with a median follow-up of 30 months from the time of recurrence (range, 24 to 71 months). All six survivors received radiation therapy and four had gross total resections. Three survivors received high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue. CONCLUSION Patients with recurrent CCSK involving the brain can have durable survival after recurrence. ICE chemotherapy, together with radiation therapy and surgery, provides a reasonable salvage regimen for recurrent CCSK. It is unclear whether high-dose chemotherapy confers a benefit compared to conventional-dose chemotherapy.
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Ahmed HU, Arya M, Levitt G, Duffy PG, Sebire NJ, Mushtaq I. Part II: Treatment of primary malignant non-Wilms' renal tumours in children. Lancet Oncol 2007; 8:842-8. [PMID: 17765193 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(07)70276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Renal-cell carcinoma, clear-cell sarcoma, (congenital) mesoblastic nephroma, rhabdoid tumour, and renal medullary carcinoma form a heterogeneous group of childhood renal malignancies known as non-Wilms' tumours. Progress has been slow in improving the management of these tumours to decrease morbidity and increase survival. However, greater cooperation between national and international centres should engender specialisation, and an increased knowledge of the molecular biology of these tumours will inevitably lead to substantial progress over the next decade. This review is the second of two parts: the first part provided an updated review of the clinical presentation, imaging, and pathology of non-Wilms' tumours and this second part provides an updated review of the treatment of these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim Uddin Ahmed
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We will review the 2005 and 2006 literature on pediatric genitourinary tumors. RECENT FINDINGS Survival continues to improve for primary renal, bladder/prostate and testicular tumors in childhood. The addition of more intensive chemotherapy for anaplastic histology disease, recognition of loss of heterozygosity for chromosomes 1p and 16q as an adverse prognostic factor in favorable histology Wilms' tumor, and the utilization of molecular markers to better characterize all renal tumors will better enable individualized therapy. Recognition and treatment of anaplastic histology and bilateral Wilms' tumor remains a challenge. In rhabdomyosarcoma, genitourinary site and embryonal histology confer a relatively favorable prognosis. SUMMARY Advances in molecular oncology, diagnostic imaging, surgical approaches and long-term follow-up of childhood cancer survivors drive risk-stratified therapy in pediatric genitourinary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Castellino
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
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Driscoll K, Isakoff M, Ferrer F. Update on pediatric genitourinary oncology. Curr Opin Urol 2007; 17:281-6. [PMID: 17558273 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0b013e3281de72df] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Results of collaborative studies and advances in our understanding of the molecular biologic events involved in children's genitourinary cancers continue to advance treatment. Simultaneously, newly released reports analyze the long-term risks of treatment. We review the most significant recent developments in the field. RECENT FINDINGS New basic research findings are making molecular staging a reality for children with cancer. Patients with adverse biologic features can now be stratified to receive intensified therapy while others may safely be considered for diminished adjunctive treatment. Collaborative trials continue to accrue experience and refine current strategies. Studies of survivors suggest that the long-term risk of adverse effects associated with current chemotherapeutic and radiation regimens are significant. SUMMARY Continued progress from collaborative trials along with advancing knowledge of the molecular biology of children's cancers promise to improve outcomes. Novel therapies are needed as emerging data suggest significant treatment-associated morbidity exists from current therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Driscoll
- Department of Pediatric Urology and Oncology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center and University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, USA
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