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Renella R, Gagne K, Beauchamp E, Fogel J, Perlov A, Sola M, Schlaeger T, Hofmann I, Shimamura A, Ebert BL, Schmitz-Abe K, Markianos K, Murphy K, Sun L, Rockowitz S, Sliz P, Campagna DR, Springer TA, Bahl C, Agarwal S, Fleming MD, Williams DA. Congenital X-linked neutropenia with myelodysplasia and somatic tetraploidy due to a germline mutation in SEPT6. Am J Hematol 2022; 97:18-29. [PMID: 34677878 PMCID: PMC8671325 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Septins play key roles in mammalian cell division and cytokinesis but have not previously been implicated in a germline human disorder. A male infant with severe neutropenia and progressive dysmyelopoiesis with tetraploid myeloid precursors was identified. No known genetic etiologies for neutropenia or bone marrow failure were found. However, next-generation sequencing of germline samples from the patient revealed a novel, de novo germline stop-loss mutation in the X-linked gene SEPT6 that resulted in reduced SEPT6 staining in bone marrow granulocyte precursors and megakaryocytes. Patient skin fibroblast-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) produced reduced myeloid colonies, particularly of the granulocyte lineage. CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in of the patient's mutation or complete knock-out of SEPT6 was not tolerated in non-patient-derived iPSCs or human myeloid cell lines, but SEPT6 knock-out was successful in an erythroid cell line and resulting clones revealed a propensity to multinucleation. In silico analysis predicts that the mutated protein hinders the dimerization of SEPT6 coiled-coils in both parallel and antiparallel arrangements, which could in turn impair filament formation. These data demonstrate a critical role for SEPT6 in chromosomal segregation in myeloid progenitors that can account for the unusual predisposition to aneuploidy and dysmyelopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Renella
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Research Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Katelyn Gagne
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Ellen Beauchamp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Jonathan Fogel
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Aleksej Perlov
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Mireia Sola
- Institute for Protein Innovation, Boston, USA
| | - Thorsten Schlaeger
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Inga Hofmann
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Present address: Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, USA
| | - Akiko Shimamura
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Klaus Schmitz-Abe
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Kyriacos Markianos
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Kristi Murphy
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Liang Sun
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Shira Rockowitz
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Piotr Sliz
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA,Division of Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Dean R Campagna
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Timothy A Springer
- Program in Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA,Institute for Protein Innovation, Boston, USA
| | - Christopher Bahl
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Institute for Protein Innovation, Boston, USA
| | - Suneet Agarwal
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Mark D Fleming
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - David A Williams
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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The transcription factors GFI1 and GFI1B as modulators of the innate and acquired immune response. Adv Immunol 2021; 149:35-94. [PMID: 33993920 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
GFI1 and GFI1B are small nuclear proteins of 45 and 37kDa, respectively, that have a simple two-domain structure: The first consists of a group of six c-terminal C2H2 zinc finger motifs that are almost identical in sequence and bind to very similar, specific DNA sites. The second is an N-terminal 20 amino acid SNAG domain that can bind to the pocket of the histone demethylase KDM1A (LSD1) near its active site. When bound to DNA, both proteins act as bridging factors that bring LSD1 and associated proteins into the vicinity of methylated substrates, in particular histone H3 or TP53. GFI1 can also bring methyl transferases such as PRMT1 together with its substrates that include the DNA repair proteins MRE11 and 53BP1, thereby enabling their methylation and activation. While GFI1B is expressed almost exclusively in the erythroid and megakaryocytic lineage, GFI1 has clear biological roles in the development and differentiation of lymphoid and myeloid immune cells. GFI1 is required for lymphoid/myeloid and monocyte/granulocyte lineage decision as well as the correct nuclear interpretation of a number of important immune-signaling pathways that are initiated by NOTCH1, interleukins such as IL2, IL4, IL5 or IL7, by the pre TCR or -BCR receptors during early lymphoid differentiation or by T and B cell receptors during activation of lymphoid cells. Myeloid cells also depend on GFI1 at both stages of early differentiation as well as later stages in the process of activation of macrophages through Toll-like receptors in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The knowledge gathered on these factors over the last decades puts GFI1 and GFI1B at the center of many biological processes that are critical for both the innate and acquired immune system.
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3
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Schacht JP, Farnworth E, Hogue J, Rohena L. Tetraploid-diploid mosaicism in a patient with pigmentary anomalies of hair and skin: a new dermatologic feature. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:103-108. [PMID: 29375847 PMCID: PMC5771914 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraploid-diploid mosaicism in humans is exceedingly rare. We present an 11-year-old boy with tetraploid-diploid mosaicism and coexistent hair hypopigmentation with skin hypo- and hyperpigmentation. This case expands the current literature as we are not aware of previous documentation of this unique combination of pigmentary anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Paul Schacht
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Clinical Genetics Columbia University Medical Center New York City New York
| | - Elisha Farnworth
- Flight Medicine Clinic 92nd Medical Group Fairchild Air Force Base Tacoma Washington
| | - Jacob Hogue
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Medical Genetics Madigan Army Medical Center Fort Lewis Washington
| | - Luis Rohena
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Medical Genetics San Antonio Military Medical Center San Antonio Texas.,Department of Pediatrics Division of Medical Genetics University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio Texas
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4
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Botezatu L, Michel LC, Makishima H, Schroeder T, Germing U, Haas R, van der Reijden B, Marneth AE, Bergevoet SM, Jansen JH, Przychodzen B, Wlodarski M, Niemeyer C, Platzbecker U, Ehninger G, Unnikrishnan A, Beck D, Pimanda J, Hellström-Lindberg E, Malcovati L, Boultwood J, Pellagatti A, Papaemmanuil E, Le Coutre P, Kaeda J, Opalka B, Möröy T, Dührsen U, Maciejewski J, Khandanpour C. GFI1(36N) as a therapeutic and prognostic marker for myelodysplastic syndrome. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:590-595.e1. [PMID: 27080012 PMCID: PMC4917888 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Inherited gene variants play an important role in malignant diseases. The transcriptional repressor growth factor independence 1 (GFI1) regulates hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and differentiation. A single-nucleotide polymorphism of GFI1 (rs34631763) generates a protein with an asparagine (N) instead of a serine (S) at position 36 (GFI136N) and has a prevalence of 3%–5% among Caucasians. Because GFI1 regulates myeloid development, we examined the role of GFI136N on the course of MDS disease. To this end, we determined allele frequencies of GFI136N in four independent MDS cohorts from the Netherlands and Belgium, Germany, the ICGC consortium, and the United States. The GFI136N allele frequency in the 723 MDS patients genotyped ranged between 9% and 12%. GFI136N was an independent adverse prognostic factor for overall survival, acute myeloid leukemia-free survival, and event-free survival in a univariate analysis. After adjustment for age, bone marrow blast percentage, IPSS score, mutational status, and cytogenetic findings, GFI136N remained an independent adverse prognostic marker. GFI136S homozygous patients exhibited a sustained response to treatment with hypomethylating agents, whereas GFI136N patients had a poor sustained response to this therapy. Because allele status of GFI136N is readily determined using basic molecular techniques, we propose inclusion of GFI136N status in future prospective studies for MDS patients to better predict prognosis and guide therapeutic decisions. GFI136N is present in about 9%–12% of all Caucasian patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. GFI136N is an independent, adverse prognostic factor for survival. GFI136N patients with myelodysplastic syndrome respond poorly to hypomethylating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacramioara Botezatu
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars C Michel
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hideki Makishima
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas Schroeder
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Germing
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rainer Haas
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bert van der Reijden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne E Marneth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia M Bergevoet
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joop H Jansen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bartlomiej Przychodzen
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marcin Wlodarski
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Niemeyer
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Platzbecker
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerhard Ehninger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ashwin Unnikrishnan
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre and Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dominik Beck
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre and Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - John Pimanda
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre and Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Eva Hellström-Lindberg
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luca Malcovati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, and Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jacqueline Boultwood
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Pellagatti
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elli Papaemmanuil
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Le Coutre
- Medical Department with Focus on Hematology/Oncology Charite Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jaspal Kaeda
- Medical Department with Focus on Hematology/Oncology Charite Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bertram Opalka
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tarik Möröy
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Hematopoiesis and Cancer Research Unit, and Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jaroslaw Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cyrus Khandanpour
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Lebel A, Yacobovich J, Krasnov T, Koren A, Levin C, Kaplinsky C, Ravel-Vilk S, Laor R, Attias D, Ben Barak A, Shtager D, Stein J, Kuperman A, Miskin H, Dgany O, Giri N, Alter BP, Tamary H. Genetic analysis and clinical picture of severe congenital neutropenia in Israel. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 62:103-8. [PMID: 25284454 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relative frequency of mutated genes among patients with severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) may differ between various ethnic groups. To date, few population-based genetic studies have been reported. This study describes the genetic analysis of 32 Israeli patients with SCN. PROCEDURES Clinical data were retrieved from the prospective Israeli Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Registry. Recruitment included living and deceased patients who were diagnosed between 1982 and 2012, for whom molecular diagnosis was performed. ELANE, HAX1 and G6PC3 genes were sequenced in all patients, and GFI-1 and WAS genes were sequenced if other genes were wildtype. RESULTS Eleven patients (34%) had heterozygous mutations in ELANE (10 kindreds), eight (25%) had homozygous mutations in G6PC3 (5 kindreds) and 13 (41%) had no detected mutations. No patients had mutations in HAX1 or WAS. Four of the eight patients with G6PC3 mutations had congenital anomalies. The probability of survival for all patients was 50% at age of 18. Deaths were mainly due to sepsis (5 patients, 4/5 not responding to G-CSF, none with G6PC3 mutation). Two patients developed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and one myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), none with G6PC3 mutation. CONCLUSIONS We found a unique pattern of SCN mutations in Israel with homozygous G6PC3 mutations in eight (25%) patients, the highest frequency described so far. HAX1 mutations, reported mainly in Sweden and Iran, were absent. Patients with G6PC3 mutations had congenital anomalies, appeared to have a better response to G-CSF, and so far have not developed AML or MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Lebel
- Department of Pediatrics B, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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6
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Anderson AE, Karandikar UC, Pepple KL, Chen Z, Bergmann A, Mardon G. The enhancer of trithorax and polycomb gene Caf1/p55 is essential for cell survival and patterning in Drosophila development. Development 2011; 138:1957-66. [PMID: 21490066 DOI: 10.1242/dev.058461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In vitro data suggest that the human RbAp46 and RbAp48 genes encode proteins involved in multiple chromatin remodeling complexes and are likely to play important roles in development and tumor suppression. However, to date, our understanding of the role of RbAp46/RbAp48 and its homologs in metazoan development and disease has been hampered by a lack of insect and mammalian mutant models, as well as redundancy due to multiple orthologs in most organisms studied. Here, we report the first mutations in the single Drosophila RbAp46/RbAp48 homolog Caf1, identified as strong suppressors of a senseless overexpression phenotype. Reduced levels of Caf1 expression result in flies with phenotypes reminiscent of Hox gene misregulation. Additionally, analysis of Caf1 mutant tissue suggests that Caf1 plays important roles in cell survival and segment identity, and loss of Caf1 is associated with a reduction in the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2)-specific histone methylation mark H3K27me3. Taken together, our results suggest suppression of senseless overexpression by mutations in Caf1 is mediated by participation of Caf1 in PRC2-mediated silencing. More importantly, our mutant phenotypes confirm that Caf1-mediated silencing is vital to Drosophila development. These studies underscore the importance of Caf1 and its mammalian homologs in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée E Anderson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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7
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Gfi1-cells and circuits: unraveling transcriptional networks of development and disease. Curr Opin Hematol 2010; 17:300-7. [PMID: 20571393 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0b013e32833a06f8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The review will integrate current knowledge of transcriptional circuits whose dysregulation leads to autoimmunity, neutropenia and leukemia. RECENT FINDINGS Growth factor independent-1 (Gfi1) is a transcriptional repressor with essential roles in controlling hematopoietic stem cell biology, myeloid and lymphoid differentiation and lymphocyte effector functions. Recent work has suggested that Gfi1 competes or collaborates with other transcription factors to modulate transcription programs and lineage decisions. SUMMARY Gfi1 is central to several transcriptional circuits whose dysregulation leads to abnormal or malignant hematopoiesis. These functional relationships are conserved from Drosophila development. Such conserved pathways represent central oncogenic or 'gatekeeper' pathways that are pivotal to understanding the process of cellular transformation, and illustrate key targets for clinical intervention.
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Severe congenital neutropenia in a multigenerational family with a novel neutrophil elastase (ELANE) mutation. Ann Hematol 2010; 90:151-8. [PMID: 20803142 PMCID: PMC3018258 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-010-1056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We have analysed a family with nine congenital neutropenia patients in four generations, several of which we have studied in a long-term follow-up of over 25 years. The patients were mild to severe neutropenic and suffered from various recurrent bacterial infections. Mutations in the genes ELANE, CSF3R and GFI1 have been reported in patients with autosomal dominant congenital neutropenias. Using a small-scale linkage analysis with markers around the ELANE, CSF3R, CSF3 and GFI1 genes, we were able to determine that the disease segregated with markers around the ELANE gene. We identified a novel mutation in the ELANE gene in all of the affected family members that was not present in any of the healthy family members. The mutation leads to an A28S missense mutation in the mature protein. None of these patients developed leukaemia. This is the first truly multigenerational family with mutations in ELANE as unambiguous cause of severe congenital neutropenia SCN.
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9
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Newburger PE, Pindyck TN, Zhu Z, Bolyard AA, Aprikyan AAG, Dale DC, Smith GD, Boxer LA. Cyclic neutropenia and severe congenital neutropenia in patients with a shared ELANE mutation and paternal haplotype: evidence for phenotype determination by modifying genes. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 55:314-7. [PMID: 20582973 PMCID: PMC2913300 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclic neutropenia (CN) and severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) are disorders of neutrophil production that differ markedly in disease severity. Mutations of the ELANE gene (the symbol recently replacing ELA2) are considered largely responsible for most cases of CN and SCN, but specific mutations are typically associated with one or the other. PROCEDURE We performed ELANE genotyping on all individuals and paternal sperm in an SCN kindred with eight SCN progeny of a sperm donor and six different mothers. RESULTS One patient with CN had the same S97L ELANE mutation as seven patients with the SCN phenotype. The mutant allele was detected in the donor's spermatozoa, representing 18% of the ELANE gene pool, but not in DNA from his lymphocytes, neutrophils, or buccal mucosa, indicating gonadal mosaicism. CONCLUSIONS The coexistence of CN and SCN phenotypes in this kindred with a shared paternal haplotype strongly suggests both a role for modifying genes in determination of congenital neutropenia disease phenotypes, and the classification of CN and SCN within a spectrum of phenotypes expressing varying degrees of the same disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E. Newburger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Talia N. Pindyck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Zhiqing Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Audrey Anna Bolyard
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - David C. Dale
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gary D. Smith
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laurence A. Boxer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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10
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A variant allele of Growth Factor Independence 1 (GFI1) is associated with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2010; 115:2462-72. [PMID: 20075157 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-08-239822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The GFI1 gene encodes a transcriptional repressor, which regulates myeloid differentiation. In the mouse, Gfi1 deficiency causes neutropenia and an accumulation of granulomonocytic precursor cells that is reminiscent of a myelodysplastic syndrome. We report here that a variant allele of GFI1 (GFI1(36N)) is associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in white subjects with an odds ratio of 1.6 (P < 8 x 10(-5)). The GFI1(36N) variant occurred in 1806 AML patients with an allele frequency of 0.055 compared with 0.035 in 1691 healthy control patients in 2 independent cohorts. We observed that both GFI1 variants maintain the same activity as transcriptional repressors but differ in their regulation by the AML1/ETO (RUNX1/RUNX1T1) fusion protein produced in AML patients with a t(8;21) translocation. AML1/ETO interacts and colocalizes with the more common GFI1(36S) form in the nucleus and inhibits its repressor activity. However, the variant GFI1(36N) protein has a different subnuclear localization than GFI1(36S). As a consequence, AML1/ETO does not colocalize with GFI1(36N) and is unable to inhibit its repressor activity. We conclude that both variants of GFI1 differ in their ability to be regulated by interacting proteins and that the GFI1(36N) variant form exhibits distinct biochemical features that may confer a predisposition to AML.
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11
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Genetic heterogeneity in severe congenital neutropenia: how many aberrant pathways can kill a neutrophil? Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 7:481-94. [PMID: 17989524 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e3282f1d690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Severe congenital neutropenia is a primary immunodeficiency in which lack of neutrophils causes inadequate innate immune host response to bacterial infections. Severe congenital neutropenia occurs with sporadic, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive and X-linked recessive inheritance, as well as in a variety of multisystem syndromes. A principal stimulus for this review is the identification of novel genetic defects and pathophysiological insights into the role of neutrophil apoptosis. RECENT FINDINGS The recent findings include identification of mutations in HAX1 in autosomal recessive severe congenital neutropenia (Kostmann disease), a large epidemiological study estimating the risk of progression from severe congenital neutropenia to leukemia, a better understanding of how heterozygous mutations in neutrophil elastase (ELA2) cause severe congenital neutropenia, molecular characterization of a novel syndromic form of severe congenital neutropenia called p14 deficiency and new animal models for several syndromic forms of severe congenital neutropenia. SUMMARY We consider the numerous genes mutated in severe congenital neutropenia, the many attempts to make animal models of severe congenital neutropenia, and the results from both human and mouse studies investigating the molecular mechanisms of neutrophil apoptosis. Investigations of how severe congenital neutropenia genes and apoptosis pathways are connected should lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of neutropenia and apoptosis pathways relevant to many cell types.
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