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Jiménez-Cortegana C, Hontecillas-Prieto L, García-Domínguez DJ, Zapata F, Palazón-Carrión N, Sánchez-León ML, Tami M, Pérez-Pérez A, Sánchez-Jiménez F, Vilariño-García T, de la Cruz-Merino L, Sánchez-Margalet V. Obesity and Risk for Lymphoma: Possible Role of Leptin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415530. [PMID: 36555171 PMCID: PMC9779026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, which is considered a pandemic due to its high prevalence, is a risk factor for many types of cancers, including lymphoma, through a variety of mechanisms by promoting an inflammatory state. Specifically, over the last few decades, obesity has been suggested not only to increase the risk of lymphoma but also to be associated with poor clinical outcomes and worse responses to different treatments for those diseases. Within the extensive range of proinflammatory mediators that adipose tissue releases, leptin has been demonstrated to be a key adipokine due to its pleotropic effects in many physiological systems and diseases. In this sense, different studies have analyzed leptin levels and leptin/leptin receptor expressions as a probable bridge between obesity and lymphomas. Since both obesity and lymphomas are prevalent pathophysiological conditions worldwide and their incidences have increased over the last few years, here we review the possible role of leptin as a promising proinflammatory mediator promoting lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Lourdes Hontecillas-Prieto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Daniel J. García-Domínguez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Fernando Zapata
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Natalia Palazón-Carrión
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - María L. Sánchez-León
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Malika Tami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez-Pérez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Flora Sánchez-Jiménez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Teresa Vilariño-García
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Luis de la Cruz-Merino
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.d.l.C.-M.); (V.S.-M.)
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.d.l.C.-M.); (V.S.-M.)
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Mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and Hodgkin lymphoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13005-13016. [PMID: 27465553 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A solid body of knowledge indicates that overweight and obese subjects are prone to develop cancer, aggressive disease, and death more than their lean counterparts. While obesity has been causally associated with various cancers, only a limited number of studies beheld the link with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Contemporary meta-analysis and prospective studies confirmed the association of body mass index with HL. Besides epidemiological evidence, excess adiposity is known to influence tumor behavior through adipokines, adipose-derived stem cell migration, and metabolism regulation, and by modulating immunoinflammatory response. Nevertheless, the obesity paradox has been described in few cancers. Considering that adipose tissue is an immunomodulatory organ, and that inflammation is the cornerstone of HL pathophysiology, the rationale for being causally related due to endocrine/paracrine interactions cannot be negligible. In this hypothesis-generating review, we explore the biologically plausible links between excess adiposity and HL in light of recent basic and clinical data, in order to create a basis for understanding the underlying mechanisms and foster applied research. The establishment of an association of excess adiposity with HL will determine public health preventive measures to fight obesity and eventually novel therapeutic approaches in HL patients.
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Duletić-Načinović A, Gačić V, Valković T, Lučin K, Fišić E, Žuvić-Butorac M, Seili-Bekafigo I, Jonjić N. Concurrent Elevations of VEGF, Osteopontin and MCP-1 Serum Levels Are Independent Predictors of Survival in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Acta Haematol 2016; 136:52-61. [PMID: 27160311 DOI: 10.1159/000444624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) are heterogeneous diseases, and the identification of additional DLBCL risk factors is especially important. METHODS In this pilot study, we determined pretreatment serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), osteopontin (OPN) and macrophage chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in 67 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients before treatment with standard chemoimmunotherapy and in 30 healthy persons. RESULTS Serum levels of all three cytokines were significantly elevated in untreated patients compared to controls. VEGF and OPN concentrations were higher in patients with advanced Ann Arbor stage, B symptoms, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score ≥2, International Prognostic Index (IPI) ≥3 and partial/no remission. A high MCP-1 level was associated with advanced stage, increased IPI and bone marrow infiltration. In univariate analysis, elevated OPN and VEGF, and concurrent elevation of all three biomarkers, were identified as significant predictors of poor survival. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that elevated OPN combined with elevated VEGF levels was one of the best parameter subsets predicting poorest survival. CONCLUSION According to our preliminary results, serum levels of VEGF and OPN before treatment predict response to therapy and survival after chemoimmunotherapy, and may help to further stratify DLBCL patients into risk groups.
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Nataraj V, Tiwari A, Mathur N, Rani L, Gupta R, Mallick S, Sharma MC, Bakhshi S. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A prospective study. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2016; 33:168-70. [PMID: 27184774 DOI: 10.3109/08880018.2016.1166536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijayamurugan Nataraj
- a Department of Medical Oncology , Dr. B. R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - Akash Tiwari
- a Department of Medical Oncology , Dr. B. R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - Nitin Mathur
- b Laboratory Oncology Unit , Dr. B. R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - Lata Rani
- b Laboratory Oncology Unit , Dr. B. R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - Ritu Gupta
- b Laboratory Oncology Unit , Dr. B. R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - Saumayaranjan Mallick
- c Department of Pathology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - Mehar Chand Sharma
- c Department of Pathology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- a Department of Medical Oncology , Dr. B. R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
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Marinaccio C, Nico B, Maiorano E, Specchia G, Ribatti D. Insights in Hodgkin Lymphoma angiogenesis. Leuk Res 2014; 38:857-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sobol G, Mizia-Malarz A, Woś H. Serum concentrations of proangiogenic cytokines (VEGF, bFGF) depending on the histopathological types of Hodgkin lymphoma in children – preliminary report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0001-5814(12)70008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Schiavetti A, McDowell HP, Conti L, Altavista P, Antenucci A, Pizer B, Dominici C. Vascular endothelial growth factor serum levels in children with newly diagnosed rhabdomyosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59:627-30. [PMID: 22231858 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adverse prognostic impact of elevated levels of circulating Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is described in several malignancies. However, no information is available in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). In the present study, serum VEGF-A (sVEGF-A) was measured at diagnosis in a series of patients with RMS. PROCEDURE sVEGF-A was assessed retrospectively in 17 newly diagnosed RMS patients. sVEGF-A concentrations were determined by quantitative enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent ELISA kit and their possible associations with age at diagnosis, gender, histology, primary site, primary size, Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) post-surgical group, and outcome were investigated. RESULTS sVEGF-A median value in patients with RMS was significantly higher than in controls: 499.0 pg/ml, range: 2,648.0 versus 301.5 pg/ml, range: 716.0 (P = 0.013). Although not statistically significant probably due to the limited number of patients, sVEGF-A median levels resulted higher in unfavorable primary sites (277.0 vs. 539.0 pg/ml; P = 0.31), and advanced groups (390.0 vs. 715.0; P = 0.29). Patients with shorter 5-year overall survival (OS) and 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) times also had higher sVEGF-A levels, although again the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.18 and P = 0.22, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Circulating VEGF is significantly increased in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed RMS. Further studies in larger series of RMS patients are needed to understand whether measurements of circulating VEGF might have a role in assessing prognosis and modulating treatment.
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Glade Bender J, Blaney SM, Borinstein S, Reid JM, Baruchel S, Ahern C, Ingle AM, Yamashiro DJ, Chen A, Weigel B, Adamson PC, Park JR. A phase I trial and pharmacokinetic study of aflibercept (VEGF Trap) in children with refractory solid tumors: a children's oncology group phase I consortium report. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:5081-9. [PMID: 22791883 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aflibercept is a novel decoy receptor that efficiently neutralizes circulating VEGF. A pediatric phase I trial was conducted to define the dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and pharmacokinetics (PK) of aflibercept. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Cohorts of three to six children with refractory solid tumors received aflibercept intravenously over 60 minutes every 14 days, at 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0 mg/kg/dose. PK sampling and analysis of peripheral blood biomarkers were conducted with the initial dose. RESULTS Twenty-one eligible patients were enrolled; 18 were fully evaluable for toxicity. One of six patients receiving 2.0 mg/kg/dose developed dose-limiting intratumoral hemorrhage and two of six receiving 3.0 mg/kg/dose developed either dose-limiting tumor pain or tissue necrosis. None of the six patients receiving 2.5 mg/kg/dose developed DLTs, defining this as the MTD. The most common non-DLTs were hypertension and fatigue. Three patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma and clear cell sarcoma had stable disease for >13 weeks. At the MTD, the ratio of free-to-bound aflibercept serum concentration was 2.10 on day 8 but only 0.44 by day 15. A rapid decrease in VEGF (P < 0.05) and increase in placental growth factor (PlGF; P < 0.05) from baseline was observed in response to aflibercept by day 2. CONCLUSIONS The aflibercept MTD in children of 2.5 mg/kg/dose every 14 days is lower than the adult recommended dose of 4.0 mg/kg. This dose achieves, but does not sustain, free aflibercept concentrations in excess of bound. Tumor pain and hemorrhage may be evidence of antitumor activity but were dose-limiting.
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Mogili NS, Krishnaswamy VR, Jayaraman M, Rajaram R, Venkatraman A, Korrapati PS. Altered angiogenic balance in keloids: a key to therapeutic intervention. Transl Res 2012; 159:182-9. [PMID: 22340768 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Keloids are manifestations of abnormal wound repair with unresolved clinical complications. An effective therapeutic regimen has not been established for keloids, and current strategies are plagued by problems such as recurrence and side effects. Keloids, being a human-specific dermal fibroproliferative disorder are characterized by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), thickened basement membrane, unregulated expression of matrix metalloproteases, growth factors, and cytokines. The internal milieu in a keloid bears a strong resemblance to a tumor with both exhibiting striking similarities with respect to tissue environment and unregulated vasculature. Abnormal angiogenesis manifested by an imbalance between proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors has been recognized as a "common denominator" underlying many pathological conditions. However, such an imbalance has not been investigated in keloids. In this study, the angiogenic imbalance in keloids was explored with reference to circulating and tissue level expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endostatin/collagen XVIII. It was observed that VEGF levels were upregulated and endostatin levels were downregulated in keloid patients in comparison to normal controls in both sera and tissue. Hence, antiangiogenic therapeutics based on endostatin in combination with current curative strategies as in tumors would present a scope for the effective management of keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupa Shyam Mogili
- Biomaterials Division, Central Leather Research Institute, TICEL Biopark, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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