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Manrique-Hernández EF, Rojas Díaz MP, Rodriguez-Villamizar LA. Clustering of non-leukemia childhood cancer in Colombia: a nationwide study. F1000Res 2021; 10:86. [PMID: 34249334 PMCID: PMC8261763 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27766.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Childhood cancer is considered one the most important causes of death in children and adolescents, despite having a low incidence in this population. Spatial analysis has been previously used for the study of childhood cancer to study the geographical distribution of leukemias. This study aimed to identify the presence of space-time clusters of childhood of cancer excluding leukemia in Colombia between 2014 and 2017. Methods: All incident cancer cases (excluding leukemia) in children under the age of 15 years that had been confirmed by the National Surveillance System of Childhood Cancer between 2014 and 2017 were included. Kulldorf's circular scan test was used to identify clusters using the municipality of residence as the spatial unit of analysis and the year of diagnosis as the temporal unit of analysis. A sensitivity analysis was conducted with different upper limit parameters for the at-risk population in the clusters. Results: A total of 2006 cases of non-leukemia childhood cancer were analyzed, distributed in 432 out of 1,122 municipalities with a mean annual incidence rate of 44 cases per million children under the age of 15. Central nervous system (CNS) tumors were the most frequent type. Two space-time clusters were identified in the central and southwest regions of the country. In the analysis for CNS tumors, a spatial cluster was identified in the central region of the country. Conclusions: The distribution of non-leukemia childhood cancer seems to have a clustered distribution in some Colombian regions that may suggest infectious or environmental factors associated with its incidence although heterogeneity in access to diagnosis cannot be discarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar F. Manrique-Hernández
- Public Health Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Industrial de Santander. Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
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Simkin J, Erickson AC, Otterstatter MC, Dummer TJB, Ogilvie G. Current State of Geospatial Methodologic Approaches in Canadian Population Oncology Research. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1294-1303. [PMID: 32299848 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Geospatial analyses are increasingly used in population oncology. We provide a first review of geospatial analysis in Canadian population oncology research, compare to international peers, and identify future directions. Geospatial-focused peer-reviewed publications from 1992-2020 were compiled using PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Abstracts were screened for data derived from a Canadian cancer registry and use of geographic information systems. Studies were classified by geospatial methodology, geospatial unit, location, cancer site, and study year. Common limitations were documented from article discussion sections. Our search identified 71 publications using data from all provincial and national cancer registries. Thirty-nine percent (N = 28) were published in the most recent 5-year period (2016-2020). Geospatial methodologies included exposure assessment (32.4%), identifying spatial associations (21.1%), proximity analysis (16.9%), cluster detection (15.5%), and descriptive mapping (14.1%). Common limitations included confounding, ecologic fallacy, not accounting for residential mobility, and small case/population sizes. Geospatial analyses are increasingly used in Canadian population oncology; however, efforts are concentrated among a few provinces and common cancer sites, and data are over a decade old. Limitations were similar to those documented internationally, and more work is needed to address them. Organized efforts are needed to identify common challenges, develop leading practices, and identify shared priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Simkin
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. .,BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anders C Erickson
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Office of the Provincial Health Officer, Government of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael C Otterstatter
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Trevor J B Dummer
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gina Ogilvie
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Konstantinoudis G, Kreis C, Ammann RA, Niggli F, Kuehni CE, Spycher BD. Spatial clustering of childhood cancers in Switzerland: a nationwide study. Cancer Causes Control 2018; 29:353-362. [PMID: 29442212 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-018-1011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood cancers are rare and little is known about their etiology. Potential risk factors include environmental exposures that might implicate spatial variation of cancer risk. Previous studies of spatial clustering have mainly focused on childhood leukemia. We investigated spatial clustering of different childhood cancers in Switzerland using exact geocodes of place of residence. METHODS We included 6,034 cancer cases diagnosed at age 0-15 years during 1985-2015 from the Swiss Childhood Cancer Registry. Age and sex-matched controls (10 per case) were randomly sampled from the national censuses (1990, 2000, 2010). Geocodes of place of residence were available at birth and diagnosis for both cases and controls. We used the difference in k-functions and Cuzick-Edwards test to assess global clustering and Kulldorff's circular scan to detect individual clusters. We also carefully adjusted for multiple testing. RESULTS After adjusting for multiple testing, we found no evidence of spatial clustering of childhood cancers neither at birth (p = 0.43) nor diagnosis (p = 0.13). Disregarding multiple testing, results of individual tests indicated spatial clustering of all childhood cancers combined (p < 0.01), childhood lymphoma (p = 0.01), due to Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) (p = 0.02) at diagnosis, and embryonal tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) at birth and diagnosis, respectively (p = 0.05 and p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS This study provides weak evidence of spatial clustering of childhood cancers. Evidence was strongest for HL and embryonal CNS tumors, adding to the current literature that these cancers cluster in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garyfallos Konstantinoudis
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Kreis
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland A Ammann
- Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Felix Niggli
- Department of Oncology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia E Kuehni
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ben D Spycher
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, 3012, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Rosychuk RJ, Witol A, Wilson B, Stobart K. Central nervous system (CNS) tumor trends in children in a western Canadian province: a population-based 22-year retrospective study. J Neurol 2011; 259:1131-6. [PMID: 22109636 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-011-6314-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In Canada, CNS tumors accounted for nearly 22% of the new childhood cancer diagnoses during 1995-2000 in the ≤ 15 year age group. The study's objective was to describe children and youth (age <20 years) diagnosed with CNS tumors in Alberta, Canada during a 22-year period using population-based data. The Alberta Cancer registry was used to extract information, including sex, age and geography, on all CNS (ICCC-3 III) tumor diagnoses during April 1, 1982, and March 31, 2004. Analyses included population summaries and rates. During 22 fiscal years, 568 Alberta children were diagnosed with CNS tumors and nearly 82% of the cases were malignant (461). The majority of cases were male (322, 57%) and the median age at diagnosis was 8 years. The crude rate per 100,000 children increased over the study period from 2.1 in 1983/1984 to 4.2 in 2003/2004. Astrocytoma was the most common diagnosis (257, 45%), followed by medulloblastoma (12%), mixed and unspecified glioma (9%) and ependymoma (9%). There were 86 diagnoses of juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (55% male) and the crude rates per 100,000 increased during the study (<0.5 in the early years to 1.15 in 2003/2004). Our data suggests an emerging trend with the latter few years having a seemingly higher standardized incidence rate than earlier years. Further study is required to determine if the trend persists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda J Rosychuk
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 3rd Floor, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 87 Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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