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Xu Z, Shao J, Li L, Peng X, Chen M, Li G, Yan H, Yang B, Luo P, He Q. All-trans retinoic acid synergizes with topotecan to suppress AML cells via promoting RARα-mediated DNA damage. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:2. [PMID: 26728137 PMCID: PMC4700651 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-2010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy is the only therapy option for the majority of AML patients, however, there are several limitations for this treatment. Our aim was to find a new chemotherapy strategy that is more effective and less toxic. Methods MTT assays and a xenograft mouse model were employed to evaluate the synergistic activity of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) combined with topotecan (TPT). Drug-induced DNA damage and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry analysis with PI and DAPI staining, the comet assay and Western blots. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and a RARα plasmid were used to determine whether RARα expression influenced DNA damage and apoptosis. Results We found that ATRA exhibited synergistic activity in combination with Topotecan in AML cells, and the enhanced apoptosis induced by Topotecan plus ATRA resulted from caspase pathway activation. Mechanistically, ATRA dramatically down regulated RARα protein levels and led to more DNA damage and ultimately resulted in the synergism of these two agents. In addition, the increased antitumor efficacy of Topotecan combined with ATRA was further validated in the HL60 xenograft mouse model. Conclusions Our data demonstrated, for the first time, that the combination of TPT and ATRA showed potential benefits in AML, providing a novel insight into clinical treatment strategies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-2010-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Xu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - JinJin Shao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueming Peng
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanqun Li
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yan
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peihua Luo
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Chen J, Ding L, Meng W, Yang J, Yan C, Xie J, Jing L, Li X, Fu Z. Vincristine-cyclophosphamide combination therapy positively affects T-cell subset distribution in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:505-10. [PMID: 25683262 PMCID: PMC4335592 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to analyze the T-cell subset distribution in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and determine whether vincristine-cyclophosphamide combination therapy can positively affect their T-cell subset distribution to keep the disease in remission. Material/Methods Thirteen SLE patients with ‘low activity’ (SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)≤9), 17 SLE patients with ‘high activity’ (SLEDAI>9), and 15 healthy controls were recruited. SLE patients were treated with vincristine-cyclophosphamide combination therapy. CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T-cell percentages were analyzed by flow cytometry at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12–24 months, and >24 months. Results Significantly negative correlations were observed between the CD3+ and CD4+ T-cell percentages and SLEDAI scores at baseline (r=−0.471, P=0.015; r=−0.473, P=0.015, respectively). A significantly positive correlation was observed between CD4+ T-cell percentage and the complement component C3 at baseline (r=0.612, P=0.002). After 3 months of combination therapy, the CD3+ and CD4+ T-cell percentages were significantly higher than the high activity baseline (P<0.01, P<0.05, respectively). After 6 months, the CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T-cell percentages were all significantly higher than the high activity baseline (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.05, respectively). Conclusions T-cell subset distributions vary across different levels of SLE disease activity with higher CD3+ T-cell and CD4+ Th cell percentages favoring lower SLE activity. As CD3+ T-cell and CD4+ Th cell percentages negatively correlate with SLEDAI, vincristine-cyclophosphamide combination therapy appears to positively affect the T-cell subset distribution in SLE patients to keep the disease in remission by increasing their CD3+ T-cell and CD4+ Th cell percentages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Lijuan Ding
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Wu Meng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jinhua Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Chenglan Yan
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jianfang Xie
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Luo Jing
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zili Fu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
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