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Liu Z, Hu Q, Hu B, Cao K, Xu T, Hou T, Cao T, Wang R, Shi H, Zhang B. Ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 promotes the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through targeting PCDH17 protein for ubiquitination and degradation. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105593. [PMID: 38145746 PMCID: PMC10826327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated 4 (NEDD4), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is commonly upregulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and functions as an oncogenic factor in the progression of HCC, but the molecular mechanism needs be further explored. In this study, we found that NEDD4 could facilitate the proliferation of HCC cells, which was associated with regulating the ERK signaling. Further investigation showed that protocadherin 17 (PCDH17) was a potential substrate of NEDD4, and restoration of PCDH17 could block the facilitation of ERK signaling and HCC cells proliferation induced by NEDD4 overexpression. Whereafter, we confirmed that NEDD4 interacted with PCDH17 and promoted the Lys33-linked polyubiquitination and degradation of it via the proteasome pathway. Finally, NEDD4 protein level was found to be inversely correlated with that of PCDH17 in human HCC tissues. In conclusion, these results suggest that NEDD4 acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase for PCDH17 ubiquitination and degradation thereby promoting the proliferation of HCC cells through regulating the ERK signaling, which may provide novel evidence for NEDD4 to be a promising therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Liu
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinghe Hu
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuan Cao
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianqi Hou
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Cao
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renhao Wang
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hengliang Shi
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Rausch T, Snajder R, Leger A, Simovic M, Giurgiu M, Villacorta L, Henssen AG, Fröhling S, Stegle O, Birney E, Bonder MJ, Ernst A, Korbel JO. Long-read sequencing of diagnosis and post-therapy medulloblastoma reveals complex rearrangement patterns and epigenetic signatures. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100281. [PMID: 37082141 PMCID: PMC10112291 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer genomes harbor a broad spectrum of structural variants (SVs) driving tumorigenesis, a relevant subset of which escape discovery using short-read sequencing. We employed Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) long-read sequencing in a paired diagnostic and post-therapy medulloblastoma to unravel the haplotype-resolved somatic genetic and epigenetic landscape. We assembled complex rearrangements, including a 1.55-Mbp chromothripsis event, and we uncover a complex SV pattern termed templated insertion (TI) thread, characterized by short (mostly <1 kb) insertions showing prevalent self-concatenation into highly amplified structures of up to 50 kbp in size. TI threads occur in 3% of cancers, with a prevalence up to 74% in liposarcoma, and frequent colocalization with chromothripsis. We also perform long-read-based methylome profiling and discover allele-specific methylation (ASM) effects, complex rearrangements exhibiting differential methylation, and differential promoter methylation in cancer-driver genes. Our study shows the advantage of long-read sequencing in the discovery and characterization of complex somatic rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Rausch
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), GeneCore, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rene Snajder
- Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty for Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- HIDSS4Health, Helmholtz Information and Data Science School for Health, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrien Leger
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Milena Simovic
- Group “Genome Instability in Tumors,” German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mădălina Giurgiu
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the Max Delbrück Center (MDC) and Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Villacorta
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), GeneCore, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anton G. Henssen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the Max Delbrück Center (MDC) and Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Stegle
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ewan Birney
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marc Jan Bonder
- Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Corresponding author
| | - Aurelie Ernst
- Group “Genome Instability in Tumors,” German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Corresponding author
| | - Jan O. Korbel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Bridging Research Division on Mechanisms of Genomic Variation and Data Science, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Corresponding author
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3
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Targeting DNA Methylation in Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndrome, and Lymphoma: A Potential Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Tool. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010633. [PMID: 36614080 PMCID: PMC9820560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation represents a crucial mechanism of epigenetic regulation in hematologic malignancies. The methylation process is controlled by specific DNA methyl transferases and other regulators, which are often affected by genetic alterations. Global hypomethylation and hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes are associated with hematologic cancer development and progression. Several epi-drugs have been successfully implicated in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, including the hypomethylating agents (HMAs) decitabine and azacytidine. However, combinations with other treatment modalities and the discovery of new molecules are still the subject of research to increase sensitivity to anti-cancer therapies and improve patient outcomes. In this review, we summarized the main functions of DNA methylation regulators and genetic events leading to changes in methylation landscapes. We provide current knowledge about target genes with aberrant methylation levels in leukemias, myelodysplastic syndromes, and malignant lymphomas. Moreover, we provide an overview of the clinical trials, focused mainly on the combined therapy of HMAs with other treatments and its impact on adverse events, treatment efficacy, and survival rates among hematologic cancer patients. In the era of precision medicine, a transition from genes to their regulation opens up the possibility of an epigenetic-based approach as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tool.
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4
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Chu S, Avery A, Yoshimoto J, Bryan JN. Genome wide exploration of the methylome in aggressive B-cell lymphoma in Golden Retrievers reveals a conserved hypermethylome. Epigenetics 2022; 17:2022-2038. [PMID: 35912844 PMCID: PMC9665123 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2105033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Few recurrent DNA mutations are seen in aggressive canine B cell lymphomas (cBCL), suggesting other frequent drivers. The methylated island recovery assay (MIRA-seq) or methylated CpG-binding domain sequencing (MBD-seq) was used to define the genome-wide methylation profiles in aggressive cBCL in Golden Retrievers to determine if cBCL can be better defined by epigenetic changes than by DNA mutations. DNA hypermethylation patterns were relatively homogenous within cBCL samples in Golden Retrievers, in different breeds and in geographical regions. Aberrant hypermethylation is thus suspected to be a central and early event in cBCL lymphomagenesis. Distinct subgroups within cBCL in Golden Retrievers were not identified with DNA methylation profiles. In comparison, the methylome profile of human DLBCL (hDLBCL) is relatively heterogeneous. Only moderate similarity between hDLBCL and cBCL was seen and cBCL likely cannot be accurately classified into the subtypes seen in hDLBCL. Genes with hypermethylated regions in the promoter-TSS-first exon of cBCL compared to normal B cells often also had additional hyper- and hypomethylated regions distributed throughout the gene suggesting non-randomized repeat targeting of key genes by epigenetic mechanisms. The prevalence of hypermethylation in transcription factor families in aggressive cBCL may represent a fundamental step in lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Chu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, 900 E. Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Anne Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Janna Yoshimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bryan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, 900 E. Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
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5
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Lin Y, Yin P, Zhu Z, Peng Y, Li M, Li J, Liang L, Yu X. Epigenome-wide association study and network analysis for IgA Nephropathy from CD19 + B-cell in Chinese Population. Epigenetics 2021; 16:1283-1294. [PMID: 33319642 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1861171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular disease in China and worldwide. The proliferation of B cells is known to be associated with both risk and prognosis of IgAN, but the epigenetic mechanism underlying this association is unknown. In this study we carried out the first Epigenome-wide Association Study (EWAS) by using the latest Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip on 184 B cell-specific samples (92 case/control pairs) for Chinese IgAN population. After rigorous data normalization and residual batch effect correction, linear mixed effect model was used to detect methylation CpG sites associated with IgAN adjusting for age, gender and smoking. False discovery rate (FDR) less than 10% was used to account for multiple testing. Weighted gene co-methylation networks were generated to identify gene modules highly correlated with IgAN. A permutation test was performed to account for the potential effect of overfitting. After adjusting clinical covariates and potential technical batch effects, three CpGs corresponding to PCDH17, TERT, WDR82 genes and three in the intergenic regions passed the genome-wide significant threshold. Methylation network analysis identified an additional IgAN associated gene module, containing 72 significant CpGs including GALNT6, IQSEC1, CDC16 and SYS1, involved in the pathway related to tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis of IgAN. These results suggested important DNA methylation and gene targets in CD19+ B cells for the pathogenesis of IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Lin
- Precision Medicine Center, Department of Urology, Medical Device Regulatory Research and Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peiran Yin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaozhong Zhu
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liming Liang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Pancho A, Aerts T, Mitsogiannis MD, Seuntjens E. Protocadherins at the Crossroad of Signaling Pathways. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:117. [PMID: 32694982 PMCID: PMC7339444 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protocadherins (Pcdhs) are cell adhesion molecules that belong to the cadherin superfamily, and are subdivided into clustered (cPcdhs) and non-clustered Pcdhs (ncPcdhs) in vertebrates. In this review, we summarize their discovery, expression mechanisms, and roles in neuronal development and cancer, thereby highlighting the context-dependent nature of their actions. We furthermore provide an extensive overview of current structural knowledge, and its implications concerning extracellular interactions between cPcdhs, ncPcdhs, and classical cadherins. Next, we survey the known molecular action mechanisms of Pcdhs, emphasizing the regulatory functions of proteolytic processing and domain shedding. In addition, we outline the importance of Pcdh intracellular domains in the regulation of downstream signaling cascades, and we describe putative Pcdh interactions with intracellular molecules including components of the WAVE complex, the Wnt pathway, and apoptotic cascades. Our overview combines molecular interaction data from different contexts, such as neural development and cancer. This comprehensive approach reveals potential common Pcdh signaling hubs, and points out future directions for research. Functional studies of such key factors within the context of neural development might yield innovative insights into the molecular etiology of Pcdh-related neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pancho
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tania Aerts
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manuela D Mitsogiannis
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eve Seuntjens
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Yang F, Liu D, Deng Y, Wang J, Mei S, Ge S, Li H, Zhang C, Zhang T. Frequent promoter methylation of HOXD10 in endometrial carcinoma and its pathological significance. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3602-3608. [PMID: 32269635 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeobox D 10 (HOXD10) is important in cell differentiation and morphogenesis and serves as a tumor suppressor gene (TSG) in a number of malignancies. The present study investigated its promoter methylation status and association with the clinicopathological features of endometrial cancer (EC), and measured HOXD10 protein expression levels. EC samples (n=62), including 50 endometroid adenocarcinoma (EA) and 12 mucinous endometrial carcinoma samples (EC) and 70 non-cancerous samples were collected. All samples were evaluated for the methylation status of several TSGs, including HOXD10, using methylation-specific PCR. HOXD10 expression level was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment was performed in the EC cell line Ishikawa to observe the change in HOXD10 expression levels. HOXD10 promoter methylation was more frequent in cancer samples (P<0.001). Downregulation of HOXD10 in EC samples was confirmed at the protein level using immunohistochemistry (P<0.001) and immunohistochemical staining was negatively associated with methylation status (P<0.05). Less HOXD10 protein was expressed in MEC compared with EA samples (P<0.001). The HOXD10 promoter was hypermethylated in both EA and MEC, causing decreased HOXD10 protein expression levels in EC cells. HOXD10 expression levels were partially reversed by 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment. The results of the present study demonstrated that epigenetic silencing of HOXD10 putatively contributed to the tumorigenesis of EA. Although there was no significant difference in HOXD10 methylation between EA and MEC, HOXD10 protein expression levels differed between these two diseases, indicating that it may be a useful protein biomarker for distinguishing between these two lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Dongchen Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yupeng Deng
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shuyu Mei
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Ge
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Hailing Li
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Cuijuan Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Tingguo Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Thanh Nha Uyen L, Amano Y, Al-Kzayer LFY, Kubota N, Kobayashi J, Nakazawa Y, Koike K, Sakashita K. PCDH17 functions as a common tumor suppressor gene in acute leukemia and its transcriptional downregulation is mediated primarily by aberrant histone acetylation, not DNA methylation. Int J Hematol 2019; 111:451-462. [PMID: 31865541 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-019-02799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that methylation of PCDH17 gene is found in 30% of children with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and is significantly correlated to event-free or overall survival. We here evaluated PCDH17 mRNA expression in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and ALL. PCDH17 mRNA expression levels in children with ALL/AML were lower than those in healthy counterparts. We next elucidated the mechanism underlying down-regulation of PCDH17 mRNA, using myeloid and lymphoid leukemic cell lines. Treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) resulted in restoration of PCDH17 mRNA expression and growth inhibition in K562, HL60, REH, and RCH-ACV cell lines. Upregulation of PCDH17 mRNA expression resulted from histone H3 acetylation. Knockdown of the PCDH17 gene, caused by transduction of PCDH17-targeted shRNA, significantly enhanced the proliferation of KU812 cells. Meanwhile, overexpression of PCDH17 via retroviral-particle transfection substantially inhibited the growth of Kasumi1 cells. The fold-increase in PCDH17 mRNA expression mediated by 5-azacytidine, an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase, was fundamentally lower than that produced by TSA. In conclusion, our results suggest that PCDH17 gene functions as a common tumor suppressor gene in leukemic cells, and that histone deacetylase inhibitors re-express PCDH17 mRNA to a greater extent than demethylation reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thanh Nha Uyen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam.,Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto,, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yuji Amano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Noriko Kubota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
| | - Jun Kobayashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
| | - Yozo Nakazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto,, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kenichi Koike
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto,, Nagano, Japan.,Shinonoi General Hospital, Minami Nagano Center, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakashita
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto,, Nagano, Japan. .,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagano Children's Hospital, 3100 Toyoshina, Azumino, Nagano, Japan.
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9
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5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Signatures Underlying Pediatric Cancers. EPIGENOMES 2019; 3:epigenomes3020009. [PMID: 34968232 PMCID: PMC8594703 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes3020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the genetic variations, recent evidence has shown that DNA methylation of both 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) underlies the pathogenesis of pediatric cancer. Given the high mortality rate, there is an urgent need to study the mechanisms contributing to the pathogenicity of pediatric cancer. Over the past decades, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled us to perform genome-wide screening to study the complex regulatory mechanisms of 5mC and 5hmC underlying pediatric tumorigenesis. To shed light on recent developments on pediatric cancer predisposition and tumor progression, here we discuss the role of both genome-wide and locus-specific dysregulation of 5mC and 5hmC in hematopoiesis malignancy and neuroblastoma, the most common types of pediatric cancer, together with their therapeutic potential.
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10
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Xu ZJ, Ma JC, Zhou JD, Wen XM, Yao DM, Zhang W, Ji RB, Wu DH, Tang LJ, Deng ZQ, Qian J, Lin J. Reduced protocadherin17 expression in leukemia stem cells: the clinical and biological effect in acute myeloid leukemia. J Transl Med 2019; 17:102. [PMID: 30922328 PMCID: PMC6440111 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1851-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leukemia stem cell (LSC)-enriched genes have been shown to be highly prognostic in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the prognostic value of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) that are repressed early in LSC remains largely unknown. Methods We compared the public available expression/methylation profiling data of LSCs with that of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), in order to identify potential tumor suppressor genes in LSC. The prognostic relevance of PCDH17 was analyzed on a cohort of 173 AML patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and further validated in three independent cohorts (n = 339). Results We identified protocadherin17 (PCDH17) and demonstrated that it was significantly down-regulated and hypermethylated in LSCs compared with HSCs. Our analyses of primary AML patient samples also confirmed these deregulations. Clinically, low PCDH17 expression was associated with female sex (P = 0.01), higher WBC (P < 0.0001), higher percentages of blasts in bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) (P = 0.04 and < 0.001, respectively), presence of FLT3-internal tandem duplications (P = 0.002), mutated NPM1 (P = 0.02), and wild-type TP53 (P = 0.005). Moreover, low PCDH17 expression predicted worse overall survival (OS) in four independent cohorts as well as in the molecularly defined subgroups of AML patients. In multivariable analyses, low PCDH17 expression retained independent prognostic value for OS. Biologically, PCDH17 expression-associated gene signatures were characterized by deregulations of EMT- and Wnt pathway-related genes. Conclusions PCDH17 gene was silenced by DNA methylation in AML. Low PCDH17 expression is associated with distinct clinical and biological features and improves risk stratification in patients with AML. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-1851-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jun Xu
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Chun Ma
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Dong Zhou
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Mei Wen
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Ming Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Run-Bi Ji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Hong Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Third People's Hospital of Kunshan City, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Juan Tang
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Qun Deng
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Qian
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiang Lin
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Yang S, Dai Z, Li W, Wang R, Huang D. Aberrant promoter methylation reduced the expression of protocadherin 17 in nasopharyngeal cancer. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 97:364-368. [PMID: 30165032 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of protocadherin 17 (PCDH17) downregulated in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). NPC tumor and adjacent tissue samples were collected from NPC patients who received therapy in the Chinese PLA General Hospital. Meanwhile, a normal epithelial cell lines NP96 and 6 NPC and cell lines C666-1, CEN1, CEN2, HNE1, HEN2, and HONE1 were prepared. Then, the expression level of PCDH17 and the methylation level of PCDH17 promoter in both tissues samples and cell lines were determined using the PCR method. Moreover, PCDH17 was overexpressed in CNE2 and HONE1 using Lipo2000. Following this, the proliferation and apoptosis of CNE2 and HONE1 were assessed using MTT and flow cytometry. The expression of PCDH17 was significantly downregulated in NPC tissues compared with the adjacent tissues as well as in the NPC cell lines compared with the normal NP96 cells. Overexpressed PCDH17 could significantly inhibit the proliferation of CNE2 and HONE1 cells but obviously promote the apoptosis of these two cell lines. Aberrant hypermethylation in the promoter might be the explanation of PCDH17 downregulated in PCDH17 and promoted the development of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, 100853.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, 100853
| | - Zhirao Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, 100853.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, 100853
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, 100853.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, 100853
| | - Rongguan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, 100853.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, 100853
| | - Dongyan Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, 100853.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, 100853
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12
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Liu Y, Peng K, Xie R, Zheng J, Guo J, Wei R, Yang H, Cai C, Wei Q. Protocadherin γ-A7 is down-regulated in colorectal cancer and associated with the prognosis in patients with wild-type KRAS. Hum Pathol 2018; 83:14-21. [PMID: 30121367 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many clustered protocadherin genes (PCDHs) within chromosome 5q31 are frequently down-regulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) due to the hypermethylation of this region, and some of them have been identified as tumor suppressors. However, the association between the expression of the clustered PCDHs and prognosis of CRC patients is still unclear. Here, we identified multiple PCDHs that were significantly down-regulated in CRC by analyzing the RNA-seq data of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. Among them, one γ-PCDH subfamily member, PCDHGA7, was found to be associated with overall survival in the patients with wild-type KRAS. Next, we experimentally validated the decrease of PCDHGA7 mRNA and protein levels in tumor tissues of 20 CRC patients by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry assay (IHC). To further investigate whether the expression of PCDHGA7 could predict clinical outcomes, an independent cohort of 138 patients, whose tumors carried wild-type KRAS, was enrolled. In-house tissue microarrays (TMAs) were developed to facilitate the protein detection, and prognostic significance was analyzed. The result showed low PCDHGA7 expression was associated with advanced TNM stage, high risk of tumor recurrence and short overall survival. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that PCDHGA7 is down-regulated in CRC, and its expression level is correlated with clinical outcomes in patients with wild-type KRAS. Our finding indicates PCDHGA7 could serve as a potential novel biomarker to predict prognosis by combining certain tumor genotypes in patients of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai clinical college Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Kangsheng Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ruting Xie
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jiayi Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Rong Wei
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Huiqiong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chunmiao Cai
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Qing Wei
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai clinical college Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
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13
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Liu W, Wu J, Shi G, Yue X, Liu D, Zhang Q. Aberrant promoter methylation of PCDH10 as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for patients with breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4462-4470. [PMID: 30214581 PMCID: PMC6126325 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protocadherin-10 (PCDH10) is a tumor suppressor gene. Its expression level is downregulated by promoter methylation in certain types of human tumors. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression level and promoter methylation status of PCDH10 in breast cancer cells and to evaluate the association of PCDH10 methylation and tumor progression and prognosis. MethyLight was used to detect the methylation status of PCDH10 in breast cancer tissues and healthy breast tissues. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the mRNA expression level of PCDH10, as well as to evaluate the association between PCDH10 methylation and clinicopathological features, along with patients' overall survival (OS). PCDH10 5'-C-phosphate-G-3' (CpG) methylated sites were identified in tumor tissues and matched healthy tissues (n=392). Tumor tissues and matched healthy tissues exhibited identifiable PCR results, with PCDH10 gene promoter methylation identified in ductal carcinoma in situ (66%), invasive ductal carcinoma (82%), invasive ductal carcinoma with lymph node metastasis (85.32%) and hereditary breast cancer tissues (72.37%). PCDH10 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in breast cancer tissues compared with healthy breast tissues (P=0.032). PCDH10 methylation was associated with tumor size (P=0.004), but not associated with other clinical factors. Survival analysis revealed that the patients exhibiting methylated-PCDH10 had significantly poorer OS times than patients exhibiting unmethylated-PCDH10 (P<0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated a sensitivity of 75%, a specificity of 62.5%, and an area under the curve of 0.682 for PCDH10. Additionally, the results of the present study indicated that PCDH10 methylation status may be a useful diagnostic and prognostic evaluation biomarker for breast cancer. The results suggested that PCDH10 methylation is a common occurrence in primary breast cancer and is associated with poor survival rates among patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Guangyue Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Yue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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14
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Weng J, Xiao J, Mi Y, Fang X, Sun Y, Li S, Qin Z, Li X, Liu T, Zhao S, Zhou L, Wen Y. PCDHGA9 acts as a tumor suppressor to induce tumor cell apoptosis and autophagy and inhibit the EMT process in human gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:27. [PMID: 29348665 PMCID: PMC5833845 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The results of a cDNA array revealed that protocadherin gamma subfamily A, 9 (PCDHGA9) was significantly decreased in SGC-7901 gastric cancer (GC) cells compared with GES-1 normal gastric cells and was strongly associated with the Wnt/β-catenin and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. As a member of the cadherin family, PCDHGA9 functions in both cell-cell adhesion and nuclear signaling. However, its role in tumorigenicity or metastasis has not been reported. In the present study, we found that PCDHGA9 was decreased in GC tissues compared with corresponding normal mucosae and its expression was correlated with the GC TNM stage, the UICC stage, differentiation, relapse, and metastasis (p < 0.01). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that PCDHGA9 was an independent prognostic indicator for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) (p < 0.01). The effects of PCDHGA9 on GC tumor growth and metastasis were examined both in vivo and in vitro. PCDHGA9 knockdown promoted GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas PCDHGA9 overexpression inhibited GC tumor growth and metastasis but induced apoptosis, autophagy, and G1 cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, PCDHGA9 suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by TGF-β, decreased the phosphorylation of Smad2/3, and inhibited the nuclear translocation of pSmad2/3. Our results suggest that PCDHGA9 might interact with β-catenin to prevent β-catenin from dissociating in the cytoplasm and translocating to the nucleus. Moreover, PCDHGA9 overexpression restrained cell proliferation and reduced the nuclear β-catenin, an indicator of Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation, suggesting that PCDHGA9 negatively regulates Wnt signaling. Together, these data indicate that PCDHGA9 acts as a tumor suppressor with anti-proliferative activity and anti-invasive ability, and the reduction of PCDHGA9 could serve as an independent prognostic biomarker in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyong Weng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingbo Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases & Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Yushuai Mi
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Xu Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Yahuang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanbao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Senlin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisheng Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200080, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yugang Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200080, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Epigenetic dysregulation of protocadherins in human disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 69:172-182. [PMID: 28694114 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protocadherins (Pcdhs) are a group of cell-cell adhesion molecules that are highly expressed in the nervous system and have a major function in dendrite development and neural circuit formation. However, the role protocadherins play in human health and disease remains unclear. Several recent studies have associated epigenetic dysregulation of protocadherins with possible implications for disease pathogenesis. In this review, we briefly recap the various epigenetic mechanisms regulating protocadherin genes, particularly the clustered Pcdhs. We further outline research describing altered epigenetic regulation of protocadherins in neurological and psychiatric disorders, as well as in cancer and during aging. We additionally present preliminary data on DNA methylation dynamics of clustered protocadherins during fetal brain development, as well as the epigenetic differences distinguishing adult neuronal and glial cells. A deeper understanding of the role of protocadherins in disease is crucial for designing novel diagnostic tools and therapies targeting brain disorders.
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