1
|
Murayama A, Kugo H, Senoo Y. Cross-sectional analysis of pharmaceutical industry payments to authors of clinical practice guidelines for bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder in Japan. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e086396. [PMID: 38908845 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-086396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are essential for standardising patient care based on evidence-based medicine. However, the presence of financial conflicts of interest (COIs) among CPG authors can undermine their credibility. This study aimed to examine the extent and size of COIs among authors of psychiatry CPGs in Japan. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis of disclosed payments from pharmaceutical companies assesses the prevalence and magnitude of personal payments for lecturing, consulting and writing to CPGs for bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder in Japan between 2016 and 2020. RESULTS This study found that 93.3% of authors received payments over a 5-year period, with total payments exceeding US$4 million. The median payment per author was US$51 403 (IQR: US$9982-US$111 567), with a notable concentration of payments among a small number of authors, including the CPG chairperson. Despite these extensive financial relationships, only a fraction of authors disclosed their COIs in the CPGs. These large amounts of personal payments were made by pharmaceutical companies manufacturing new antidepressants and sleeping aids listed in the CPGs. CONCLUSIONS This study found that more than 93% of authors of CPGs for major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder in Japan received considerable amounts of personal payments from the pharmaceutical industry. The findings highlight deviations from international COI management standards and suggest a need for more stringent COI policies for psychiatry CPGs in Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anju Murayama
- Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hinari Kugo
- Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuki Senoo
- Higashi Totsuka Kinen Byoin, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Murayama A, Kugo H, Kamamoto S. Evaluation of non-research and research industry payments to pediatric hematologist/oncologists in the United States between 2013 and 2021. Leuk Lymphoma 2024; 65:774-782. [PMID: 38349842 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2024.2317344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Financial interactions between healthcare industry and pediatric hematologist/oncologists (PHOs) could be conflicts of interest. Nevertheless, little is known about financial relationships between healthcare industry and PHOs. This cross-sectional analysis of the Open Payments Database examined general and research payments to PHOs from healthcare industry in the United States between 2013 and 2021. Payments to the PHOs were analyzed descriptively. Trends in payments were assessed using generalized estimating equation models. Of 2784 PHOs, 2142 (76.9%) PHOs received payments totaling $187.3 million from the healthcare industry between 2013 and 2021. Approximately, $46.3 million (24.8%) were general payments and $137.7 million (73.5%) were funding for research where PHOs served as principal investigators (associated research funding). Both general payments and associated research funding considerably increased between 2014 and 2019. The number of PHOs receiving general payments and associated research funding annually increased by 2.2% (95% CI: 1.2-3.3%, p < .001) and 5.0% (95% CI: 3.3-6.8%, p < .001) between 2014 and 2019, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anju Murayama
- School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai City, Japan
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Hinari Kugo
- School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai City, Japan
| | - Sae Kamamoto
- Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schnog JB, Samson MJ, Gersenbluth I, Duits AJ. Pharmaceutical Industry Payments to Medical Oncologists in the Netherlands: Trends and Patterns Provided by an Open-Access Transparency Data Set. JCO Oncol Pract 2024; 20:843-851. [PMID: 38354335 DOI: 10.1200/op.23.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Health care expenditure related to oncologic treatments is skyrocketing although many treatments offer marginal, if any, clinical benefit. Financial conflicts of interest (fCOI) resulting from pharmaceutical industry (pharma) payments to physicians is increasingly recognized as a predictive factor for regulatory board approval and guideline incorporation of low-value treatments. We sought to study the extent to which pharma payments to medical oncologists occur in the Netherlands, the amount of money involved, and whether these occur more frequently and are higher for key opinion leaders (KOLs). METHODS In our cross-sectional retrospective database study, we used several Dutch open-access databases and extracted data registered between 2019 and 2021. RESULTS A cumulative amount of €899,863 was paid to 48.8% of the 408 registered medical oncologists. Over time, there was a marked decline in both the proportion of medical oncologists receiving payments (from 40.4% in 2019 to 19.1% in 2021) and the mean annual value of payments (from €2,962 in 2019 to €2,188 in 2021) with the latter mainly resulting from a decline in hospitality-related transactions. KOLs were more likely to receive industry payments and received a higher median payment value. DISCUSSION Our findings should contribute to the increasing awareness in the Netherlands of the potential effects of fCOI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J B Schnog
- Department of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Curaçao Medical Center, Willemstad, Curaçao
- Curaçao Biomedical & Health Research Institute, Willemstad, Curaçao
| | - M J Samson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Curaçao Medical Center, Willemstad, Curaçao
| | - I Gersenbluth
- Curaçao Biomedical & Health Research Institute, Willemstad, Curaçao
| | - A J Duits
- Curaçao Biomedical & Health Research Institute, Willemstad, Curaçao
- Department of Medical Education, Curaçao Medical Center, Willemstad, Curaçao
- Institute for Medical Education, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Red Cross Blood Bank Foundation, Willemstad, Curaçao
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Murayama A, Senoo Y. Cross-sectional analysis of financial relationships between board certified allergists and the pharmaceutical industry in Japan. BMC Med Ethics 2024; 25:22. [PMID: 38378633 PMCID: PMC10880373 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-024-01014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Financial interactions between pharmaceutical companies and physicians lead to conflicts of interest. This study examines the extent and trends of non-research payments made by pharmaceutical companies to board-certified allergists in Japan between 2016 and 2020. METHODS A retrospective analysis of disclosed payment data from pharmaceutical companies affiliated with the Japanese Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association was conducted. The study focused on non-research payments for lecturing, consulting, and manuscript drafting made to board-certified allergists from 2016 to 2020. We performed descriptive analyses on payment data. Trends were analyzed using generalized estimating equation models. RESULTS Of the 3,943 board-certified allergists, 2,398 (60.8%) received non-research payments totaling $43.4 million over five years. Lecturing fees comprised 85.7% ($37.2 million) of the total payment amounts. For allergists who received at least one payment, the median amount per allergist was $3,106 (interquartile range: $966 - $12,124), in contrast to a mean of $18,092 (standard deviation: $49,233) over the five-year span. The top 1% and 10% of these allergists accounted for 20.8% and 68.8% of all non-research payments, respectively. The annual payment amounts significantly increased by 7.2% annual increase (95% CI: 4.4 - 10.0%, p < 0.001) each year until 2019, but saw a significant decrease in 2020 amid the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION The majority of allergists received non-research payments, with a notable concentration among a small group. Payments increased annually until the pandemic's onset, which coincided with a substantial decrease. Further research is needed to explore the implications of these financial interactions on clinical practice and patient care in Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anju Murayama
- School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba ward, Sendai City, Miyagi, 980-0872, Japan.
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA.
| | - Yuki Senoo
- Higashi Totsuka Memorial Hospital, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shrestha R, Saito H, Yamashita E, Shrestha S, Tanimoto T, Ozaki A. Nature and Trend of Pharmaceutical Payments to Japanese Board-Certified Neurologists Between 2016 and 2019: A Pre-emergence Analysis Amidst the Development of Next-Generation Alzheimer's Disease Drugs. Cureus 2024; 16:e53848. [PMID: 38465045 PMCID: PMC10924646 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is insufficient data on the financial relationships between Japanese neurologists and pharmaceutical companies prior to the advent of new-generation Alzheimer's disease drugs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the magnitude, prevalence, and trend of the financial relationship between Japanese neurologists and pharmaceutical companies between 2016 and 2019. METHODS A cross-sectional study was undertaken to evaluate the financial relationships between all board-certified neurology specialists and pharmaceutical companies in Japan from 2016 and 2019. Descriptive statistics were applied to measure the magnitude and prevalence of payments among specialists, as well as their trends during the study periods. RESULTS In a four-year analysis, 77 pharmaceutical companies disbursed a total of USD 36,869,204 across 50,050 payments to 2,696 neurologists in Japan, revealing a mean payment of USD 10,809 per specialist. Notably, the Gini index of 0.997 indicated a high inequality in payment distribution, with a minority of specialists receiving a substantial proportion of payments. Trends displayed irregularities, but an overall increase in total payments from 2016 to 2019, with a significant contribution from the top 10 pharmaceutical companies accounting for 74.2% of total payments, with Takeda Pharmaceutical and Eisai Company notably increasing payments in 2019. There were notable geographical variations in neurologist and payment distribution across 47 prefectures. CONCLUSION Our analysis of neurologist payments from pharmaceutical companies in Japan showed a substantial financial relationship with overall increases, yearly varied increments, and payment inequality. Caution is warranted as financial ties may intensify with the continued development of next-generation Alzheimer's disease drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Shrestha
- Palliative Care and Chronic Disease, Green Pastures Hospital, Pokhara, NPL
| | | | - Erika Yamashita
- Heart Care, Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, JPN
| | | | | | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Surgery, Graduate School of Public Health, Teikyo University, Tokyo, JPN
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Murayama A, Hirota S. Industry payments to pathologists in the USA between 2013 and 2021. J Clin Pathol 2023; 76:566-570. [PMID: 37085323 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2023-208901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Although proper physician-industry financial relationships are essential for improving patient care, they can also cause potential conflicts of interest. However, little is known about the pathologist-industry financial relationships. Using the 2013-2021 Open Payments Database, this cross-sectional study investigated both research and non-research payments to all pathologists in the USA. Payment data were analyzed descriptively. Of 21,664 pathologists, 49.5% of all pathologists have received payments totaling $356.7 million from the healthcare industry, of which 68.2% were research payments. Median per-physician general and associated research payments (IQR) were $145($49-$575) and $70,926 ($17,450-$299,285) over the nine years. The top 1% of pathologists receiving general payments received 68.0% of all general payments. Male pathologists specializing in blood banking and transfusion medicine and hematopathology are significantly more likely than those not to receive research and non-research payments. This first study provides valuable insights into the financial relationships between pathologists and the healthcare industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anju Murayama
- School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shuto Hirota
- School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kamamoto S, Ozaki A, Murayama A. Assessment of Financial Relationships Between Otorhinolaryngologists and Pharmaceutical Companies in Japan Between 2016 and 2019. Cureus 2023; 15:e43633. [PMID: 37719565 PMCID: PMC10503947 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are prevalent financial relationships between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry in medical specialties, including otorhinolaryngology. Although these relationships might cause conflicts of interest, no studies have assessed the size and contents of the financial relationships between otorhinolaryngologists and pharmaceutical companies in Japan. This study aims to evaluate the magnitude, prevalence, and trend of the financial relationship between Japanese otolaryngologists and pharmaceutical companies. METHODS Using payment data publicly disclosed by 92 pharmaceutical companies, we examined the size, prevalence, and trend in personal payments made to the otorhinolaryngologist board certified by the Japanese Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (JSO-HNS) between 2016 and 2019 in Japan. Furthermore, differences in payments were evaluated by whether otolaryngologists were clinical practice guideline authors, society board members, and academic journal editors or not. Trends in payments were evaluated by generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Of 8,190 otorhinolaryngologists, 3,667 (44.8%) were paid a total of $13,873,562, in payments for lecturing, consulting, and writing by 72 pharmaceutical companies between 2016 and 2019. The median four-year combined payment per physician was $1,022 (interquartile range: $473-$2,526). Top 1%, 5%, and 10% of otorhinolaryngologists received 42.3% (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 37.2%-47.4%), 69.3% (95% CI: 65.9%-72.8%), and 80.6% (95% CI: 78.3%-82.9%) of overall payments, respectively. The median payments per physician were significantly higher among otorhinolaryngologists authoring clinical practice guidelines ($11,522), society board members ($22,261), and journal editors ($35,143) than those without. The payments and number of otorhinolaryngologists receiving payments remained stable between 2016 and 2019. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that a minority but a large number of otorhinolaryngologists received personal payments from pharmaceutical companies for the reimbursement of lecturing, consulting, and writing in Japan. Large amounts of these personal payments were significantly concentrated on a small number of leading otorhinolaryngologists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sae Kamamoto
- School of Medicine, Hamamatsu University, Hamamatsu, JPN
| | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Surgery, Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, JPN
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Murayama A, Kamamoto S, Saito H, Ozaki A. Pharmaceutical payments to Japanese board-certified dermatologists: a 4-year retrospective analysis of personal payments from pharmaceutical companies between 2016 and 2019. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7425. [PMID: 37156855 PMCID: PMC10167352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34705-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There are prevalent financial relationships between dermatologists and pharmaceutical companies in Japan. However, little was known about the extent of whole picture of the personal payments made to dermatologists by pharmaceutical companies. This study aimed to examine the personal payments to the board-certified dermatologists by the Japanese Dermatological Association from the pharmaceutical companies between 2016 and 2019. Using the publicly disclosed payments data by the pharmaceutical companies between 2016 and 2019, we evaluated the magnitude, prevalence, and trends in the personal payments made to all board-certified dermatologists for the lecturing, writing, and consulting compensations. The payments were descriptively analyzed overall and by dermatologist demographics. Additionally, the payment trends were assessed by generalized estimating equation models. Of 6883 active board-certified dermatologists, 3121 (45.3%) received a total of $33,223,806 personal payments between 2016 and 2019. The median per-physician payments and number of payments (interquartile range) were $1737 ($613-$5287) and 4.0 (2.0-10.0) over the 4 years, respectively. Only top 1%, 5%, 10% of dermatologists received 41.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 38.2-45.1%), 76.9% (95% CI 74.7-79.1%), and 87.6% (95% CI 86.2-88.9%) of overall payments. The number of dermatologists receiving payments and per-dermatologist payments increased by 4.3% (95% CI 3.1‒5.5%, p < 0.001) and 16.4% (95% CI 13.5‒19.4%, p < 0.001) each year. The board-certification in dermatology-oncology, in cosmetic dermatology, and male sex were significantly associated with higher personal payments with relative monetary values of 2.29 (95% CI 1.65-3.19, p < 0.001), 3.16 (95% CI 1.89-5.26, p < 0.001), and 5.38 (95% CI 4.12-7.04, p < 0.001). Less than half of Japanese board-certified dermatologists received lower personal payments from the pharmaceutical companies than those to other specialists. However, these personal payments were increasingly more prevalent and greater over the 4 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anju Murayama
- Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Sae Kamamoto
- Faculty of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soma Central Hospital, Soma, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Faculty of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Murayama A, Kamamoto S, Kawashima M, Saito H, Yamashita E, Tanimoto T, Ozaki A. Cross-sectional analysis of pharmaceutical payments to Japanese board-certified gastroenterologists between 2016 and 2019. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068237. [PMID: 37072354 PMCID: PMC10124293 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Limited evidence is available regarding the financial relationships between gastroenterologists and pharmaceutical companies in Japan. This study analysed the magnitude, prevalence and trends of personal payments made by major pharmaceutical companies to board-certified gastroenterologists in Japan in recent years. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Using payment data publicly disclosed by 92 major pharmaceutical companies, this study examined the non-research payments made to all board-certified gastroenterologists by the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcomes were payment amounts, the prevalence of gastroenterologists receiving payments, yearly trends in per-gastroenterologist payment values and the number of gastroenterologists with payments. Additionally, we evaluated the differences in payments among influential gastroenterologists, including clinical practice guideline authors, society board member gastroenterologists and other general gastroenterologists. RESULTS Approximately 52.8% of all board-certified gastroenterologists received a total of US$89 151 253, entailing 134 249 payment contracts as the reimbursement for lecturing, consulting and writing, from 84 pharmaceutical companies between 2016 and 2019. The average and median payments per gastroenterologist were US$7670 (SD: US$26 842) and US$1533 (IQR: US$582-US$4781), respectively. The payment value per gastroenterologist did not significantly change during the study period, while the number of gastroenterologists with payments decreased by -1.01% (95% CI: -1.61% to -0.40%, p<0.001) annually. Board member gastroenterologists (median: US$132 777) and the guideline authoring gastroenterologists (median: US$106 069) received 29.9 times and 17.3 times higher payments, respectively, than general gastroenterologists (median: US$284). CONCLUSION Most gastroenterologists received personal payments from pharmaceutical companies, but only very few influential gastroenterologists with authority accepted substantial amounts in Japan. There should be transparent and rigorous management strategies for financial conflicts of interest among gastroenterologists working in influential positions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anju Murayama
- School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Sae Kamamoto
- School of Medicine, Hamamatsu University, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Moe Kawashima
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soma Central Hospital, Soma, Japan
| | - Erika Yamashita
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanimoto
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Internal Medicine, Jyoban Hospital, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Joban Hospital, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Murayama A, Saito H, Kamamoto S, Shigeta H, Yamashita E, Tanimoto T, Ozaki A. Evaluation of non-research payments from pharmaceutical companies to urologists in Japan between 2016 and 2019. Int Urogynecol J 2023:10.1007/s00192-023-05463-y. [PMID: 36723634 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-023-05463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the magnitude and trends in personal payments from pharmaceutical companies to urologists in Japan. METHODS This cross-sectional study examined the personal payments made to urologists by the major pharmaceutical companies in Japan between 2016 and 2019. Descriptive analyses were performed on the payment data. All urologists board-certified by the Japanese Urological Association as of March 2022 were included in this study. Trends in personal payments were assessed using the population-averaged generalized estimating equations with panel data of per-physician personal payments. RESULTS Among 7016 active board-certified urologists, 4962 (70.7%) accepted 53,070 payments totaling $36,424,239 for reimbursement of lecturing, writing, and consulting compensations from 66 pharmaceutical companies between 2016 and 2019. The median payments per urologist receiving payments were $1714 [interquartile range(IQR): $700-$4583] in payment amounts and 4.0 (IQR: 2.0-10.0) in the number of payments. Only 1%, 5%, 10%, and 25% of top-paid urologists accepted 36.2%, 64.8%, 75.8%, and 90.1% of overall payments respectively. The payments per urologist and the number of payment contracts had annually increased over this period by 4.1% (95% CI: 2.3%-6.0%, p < 0.001) and 2.4% (95% CI: 1.2%-3.7%, p < 0.001), but there was no significant change in the number of urologists receiving payments, with a relative average annual change of 0.7% (95% CI: -0.15%-1.6%, p = 0.10) between 2016 and 2019. CONCLUSION Most urologists received personal payments for lecturing, consulting, and writing compensations from pharmaceutical companies in Japan. The payments from pharmaceutical companies had been increasing over the 4-year period. These payments were substantially concentrated on a small number of urologists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anju Murayama
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. .,Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Soma Central Hospital, Soma City , Fukushima, Japan
| | - Sae Kamamoto
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Haruki Shigeta
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Erika Yamashita
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanimoto
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Navitas Clinic Kawasaki, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa,, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki City, Fukushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Murayama A, Shigeta H, Kamamoto S, Yamashita E, Saito H, Sawano T, Bhandari D, Shrestha S, Kusumi E, Tanimoto T, Ozaki A. Pharmaceutical Payments to Japanese Board‐Certified Head and Neck Surgeons Between 2016 and 2019. OTO Open 2023; 7:e31. [PMID: 36998569 PMCID: PMC10046701 DOI: 10.1002/oto2.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the magnitude, prevalence, and trend of the financial relationship between Japanese head and neck surgeons and pharmaceutical companies between 2016 and 2019. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis. Setting Japan. Methods This study evaluated personal payments concerning lecturing, consulting, and writing paid by 92 major pharmaceutical companies to all Japanese head and neck surgeons board-certified by the Japan Society for Head and Neck Surgery between 2016 and 2019. The payments were descriptively analyzed and payment trend were assessed using population-averaged generalized estimating equations. Further, the payments to board executive board members with specialist certification were also evaluated separately. Results Of all 443 board-certified head and neck surgeons in Japan, 365 (82.4%) received an average of $6443 (standard deviation: $12,875), while median payments were $2002 (interquartile ranges [IQR] $792-$4802). Executive board specialists with a voting right received much higher personal payments (median $26,013, IQR $12,747-$35,750) than the non-executive specialists (median $1926, IQR $765‒$4134, p < .001) and the executive board specialists without a voting right (median $4411, IQR $963-$5623, p = .015). The payments per specialist and prevalence of specialists with payments annually increased by 11.4% (95% CI: 5.8%-17.2%; p < .001) and 7.3% (95% CI: 3.8%-11.0%; p < .001), respectively. Conclusion There were increasingly widespread and growing financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies among head and neck surgeons in Japan, alongside of introduction of novel drugs. The leading head and neck surgeons received much higher personal payments from pharmaceutical companies, and no sufficient regulation was implemented by the society in Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anju Murayama
- Medical Governance Research Institute Minato‐ku Tokyo Japan
- School of Medicine Tohoku University Sendai city Miyagi Japan
| | - Haruki Shigeta
- Medical Governance Research Institute Minato‐ku Tokyo Japan
- School of Medicine Tohoku University Sendai city Miyagi Japan
| | - Sae Kamamoto
- Medical Governance Research Institute Minato‐ku Tokyo Japan
- Faculty of Medicine Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hamamatsu Shizuoka Japan
| | | | - Hiroaki Saito
- Medical Governance Research Institute Minato‐ku Tokyo Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine Soma Central Hospital Soma City Fukushima Japan
| | - Toyoaki Sawano
- Department of Surgery Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation Iwaki City Fukushima Japan
| | - Divya Bhandari
- Medical Governance Research Institute Minato‐ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Sunil Shrestha
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway Jalan Lagoon Selatan Malaysia
| | - Eiji Kusumi
- Medical Governance Research Institute Minato‐ku Tokyo Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine Navitas Clinic Shinjuku Shinjuku‐ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanimoto
- Medical Governance Research Institute Minato‐ku Tokyo Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine Navitas Clinic Tachikawa Tachikawa City Tokyo Japan
| | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Medical Governance Research Institute Minato‐ku Tokyo Japan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation Iwaki City Fukushima Japan
| |
Collapse
|