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Vlase AM, Toiu A, Gligor O, Muntean D, Casian T, Vlase L, Filip A, Bȃldea I, Clichici S, Decea N, Moldovan R, Toma VA, Virag P, Crișan G. Investigation of Epilobium hirsutum L. Optimized Extract's Anti-Inflammatory and Antitumor Potential. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:198. [PMID: 38256751 PMCID: PMC10819739 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Epilobium hirsutum L., commonly known as hairy willowherb, is a perennial herbaceous plant native to Europe and Asia. In Romania, the Epilobium genus includes 17 species that are used in folk medicine for various purposes. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antitumor potential of the optimized extract of Epilobium hirsutum (EH) in animal models. The first study investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of EH optimized extract and the model used was carrageenan-induced paw inflammation. Wistar rats were divided into three groups: negative control, positive control treated with indomethacin, and a group treated with the extract. Oxidative stress markers, cytokine levels, and protein expressions were assessed. The extract demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties comparable to those of the control group. In the second study, the antitumor effects of the extract were assessed using the tumor model of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Swiss albino mice with Ehrlich ascites were divided into four groups: negative, positive treated with cyclophosphamide (Cph), Group 3 treated with Cph and EH optimized extract, and Group 4 treated with extract alone. Samples from the ascites fluid, liver, and heart were analyzed to evaluate oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer markers. The extract showed a reduction in tumor-associated inflammation and oxidative stress. Overall, the EH optimized extract exhibited promising anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects in the animal models studied. These findings suggest its potential as a natural adjuvant therapeutic agent for addressing inflammation and oxidative stress induced by different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-M.V.); (O.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Anca Toiu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Octavia Gligor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-M.V.); (O.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Dana Muntean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Tibor Casian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Adriana Filip
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.F.); (S.C.); (N.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Ioana Bȃldea
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.F.); (S.C.); (N.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Simona Clichici
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.F.); (S.C.); (N.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Nicoleta Decea
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.F.); (S.C.); (N.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Remus Moldovan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.F.); (S.C.); (N.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Vlad-Alexandru Toma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 44 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Institute of Biological Research, Branch of NIRDBS, 48 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Piroska Virag
- Department of Radiobiology and Tumor Biology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuță”, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Gianina Crișan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-M.V.); (O.G.); (G.C.)
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Ivanauskas L, Uminska K, Gudžinskas Z, Heinrich M, Georgiyants V, Kozurak A, Mykhailenko O. Phenological Variations in the Content of Polyphenols and Triterpenoids in Epilobium angustifolium Herb Originating from Ukraine. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:120. [PMID: 38202428 PMCID: PMC10781012 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The composition of secondary metabolites undergoes significant changes in plants depending on the growth phase and the influence of environmental factors. Therefore, it is important to determine the harvesting time of plant material for the optimum secondary metabolite profile and therapeutic activity of the primary material. The shoots of Epilobium angustifolium are used as a healing tea due to the presence of polyphenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to assess the composition of phenolic compounds and triterpenoid saponins in E. angustifolium leaves and flowers and to estimate the dynamics of their content depending on the flowering phase. Qualitative and quantitative characterisation of polyphenols and triterpenoids in E. angustifolium samples from Ukraine of three flowering phases were performed using the high-performance liquid chromatography photo diode array (HPLC-PDA) method. During the present study, 13 polyphenolic compounds and seven triterpenoids were identified in the plant material. It was noted that the largest content and the best polyphenol profile was in late flowering. The most important polyphenolic compounds in the plant material were chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, isoquercitin, and oenothein B. The triterpenoid profile was at its maximum during mass flowering, with corosolic and ursolic acids being the dominant metabolites. The results of the analysis revealed that the quantity of many of the tested metabolites in the raw material of E. angustifolium is dependent on the plant organ and flowering phase. The largest content of most metabolites in the leaves was in late flowering. In the flowers, the quantity of the metabolites studied was more variable, but decreased during mass flowering and increased significantly again in late flowering. The results show that E. angustifolium raw material is a potential source of oenothein B and triterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudas Ivanauskas
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevičiaus Str. 9, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kateryna Uminska
- Zhytomyr Basic Pharmaceutical Professional College, Chudnivska Str. 99, 10005 Zhytomyr, Ukraine;
| | - Zigmantas Gudžinskas
- Nature Research Centre, Institute of Botany, Žaliųjų Ežerų Str. 47, 12200 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Group, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (M.H.); (O.M.)
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
| | - Victoriya Georgiyants
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy, 4-Valentynivska Str., 61168 Kharkiv, Ukraine;
| | - Alla Kozurak
- Carpathian Biosphere Reserve, 90600 Rakhiv, Ukraine;
| | - Olha Mykhailenko
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Group, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (M.H.); (O.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy, 4-Valentynivska Str., 61168 Kharkiv, Ukraine;
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Dreger M, Adamczak A, Foksowicz-Flaczyk J. Antibacterial and Antimycotic Activity of Epilobium angustifolium L. Extracts: A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1419. [PMID: 37895890 PMCID: PMC10609845 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to provide an overview of available information on the antibacterial and antifungal properties of Epilobium angustifolium extracts. A literature search of Scopus, PubMed/Medline, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed articles published between January 2000 and June 2023 was undertaken. A total of 23 studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. Significant variation of antimicrobial activity depending on the tested species and strains, type of extract solvent, or plant organs utilized for the extract preparation was found. E. angustifolium extracts were active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and showed antimycotic effects against the fungi of Microsporum canis and Trichophyton tonsurans and the dermatophytes Arthroderma spp. Greater susceptibility of Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria to fireweed extracts was found. A strong antibacterial effect was recorded for Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii including multi-drug resistant strains. E. angustifolium extract might find practical application as an antimicrobial in wound healing, components of cosmetic products for human and animals, or as food preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Dreger
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants—National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland
| | - Artur Adamczak
- Department of Breeding and Botany of Useful Plants, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants—National Research Institute, Kolejowa 2, 62-064 Plewiska, Poland;
| | - Joanna Foksowicz-Flaczyk
- Department of Bioproducts Engineering, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants—National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland;
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Kyriakou S, Tragkola V, Paraskevaidis I, Plioukas M, Trafalis DT, Franco R, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. Chemical Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Epilobium parviflorum Extracts in an In Vitro Model of Human Malignant Melanoma. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1590. [PMID: 37111814 PMCID: PMC10146124 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer characterised by high metastatic capacity and mortality rate. On the other hand, Epilobium parviflorum is known for its medicinal properties, including its anticancer potency. In this context, we aimed to (i) isolate various extracts of E. parviflorum, (ii) characterize their phytochemical content, and (iii) determine their cytotoxic potential in an in vitro model of human malignant melanoma. To these ends, we utilized various spectrophotometric and chromatographic (UPLC-MS/MS) approaches to document the higher content of the methanolic extract in polyphenols, soluble sugars, proteins, condensed tannins, and chlorophylls -a and -b as opposed to those of dichloromethane and petroleum. In addition, the cytotoxicity profiling of all extracts was assessed through a colorimetric-based Alamar Blue assay in human malignant melanoma (A375 and COLO-679) as well as non-tumorigenic immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. Overall, the methanolic extract was shown to exert significant cytotoxicity, in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, as opposed to the other extracts. The observed cytotoxicity was confined only to human malignant melanoma cells, whereas non-tumorigenic keratinocyte cells remained relatively unaffected. Finally, the expression levels of various apoptotic genes were assessed by qRT-PCR, indicating the activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiris Kyriakou
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus
| | - Venetia Tragkola
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis Paraskevaidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus
| | - Mihalis Plioukas
- Department of Life & Health Sciences, School of Sciences & Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
| | - Dimitrios T. Trafalis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Centre, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- School of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus
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Sobolewska D, Galanty A, Granica S, Podolak I, Olszewska MA, Owczarek A, Paulino N, Michalska K. In vitro cytotoxic activity of Cuphea ingrata Cham. & Schltdl. extracts related to the oenothein B content. Nat Prod Res 2022; 37:1693-1697. [PMID: 35876228 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2103699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Cuphea ingrata is a traditional medicinal plant species of the Lythraceae family. This work reports on the cytotoxic activity of the methanolic extract from the aerial parts of C. ingrata and the n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions against human skin and prostate cancer cells. The selectivity of action was tested in normal skin keratinocytes HaCaT and prostate epithelial cells PNT2. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest activity in all three human skin cancer cell lines: A375, HTB-140, WM793, with IC50 = 15.90; 3.40; 18.75 μg/mL, respectively. To obtain comparative information on the chemical composition, a quantitative analysis of oenothein B was performed using the UHPLC-PDA method. An analysis of its cytotoxic activity was also carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Sobolewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University of Warsaw, Microbiota Lab, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irma Podolak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Anna Olszewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Owczarek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Klaudia Michalska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Phytochemistry, Kraków, Poland
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Ahluwalia V, Pandey N, Mishra BB, Kumar J. Isolation, optimized extraction, and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array method for quantitative analysis of chiratol in Swertia paniculata. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3904-3913. [PMID: 34463429 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The global natural product-based industry is growing fast with the introduction of new phytochemicals and herbal extract products from different geographical regions. Swertia paniculata is a well-known plant with medicinal properties; however, the quality control for its major phytochemical constituents from the Himalayan geographical region is nevertheless reported. Therefore, the first objective of this investigation was to characterize and optimize the extraction process while the second objective was to validate a quantitative analytical method for chiratol from S. paniculata herbal extract. The chiratol was characterized with spectral analysis. The optimum extraction condition for the highest yield of metabolite was realized in chloroform as a solvent system under ultrasonication. The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection method for analytical quantification was validated for specificity, linearity, limits of detection, limits of quantification, precision, repeatability, recovery, and robustness using Eclipse Plus C18 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm × 3.5 μm id). The gradient elution of water/acetonitrile as mobile phase was used at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. The recovery percentage was very satisfactory with values within specification. The robustness parameters showed no substantial influence of evaluated parameters by the Youden test. The developed method was ascertained to be appropriate for the proposed purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Ahluwalia
- Bioproduct Chemistry Laboratory, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Mohali, India
- Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology (IPFT), Gurugram, India
| | - Nishant Pandey
- Bioproduct Chemistry Laboratory, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Mohali, India
| | - Bhuwan B Mishra
- Bioproduct Chemistry Laboratory, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Mohali, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology (IPFT), Gurugram, India
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Saha S, Imran IB. Isolation, detection, and quantification of hydrolyzable tannins of the biosynthetic pathway by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9005. [PMID: 33201548 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hydrolyzable tannins (HTs) are widely distributed complex secondary metabolites with potential bioactivities and health-promoting benefits. A highly sensitive compound-specific ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS) method is required for their successful detection and quantification in order to advance the study of these compounds. METHODS In this study, 36 HTs belonging to the HT biosynthetic pathway covering 13 major branches were extracted by cold extraction and fractionated by Sephadex LH-20 size-exclusion chromatography. Followed fractionation, the HTs were purified by semipreparative HPLC so that they could be used for the development of a UHPLC/QqQ-MS/MS multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method for their characterization. The cone voltage and collision energy for each HT were extensively optimized during the development of the MRM method. RESULTS The developed method was very useful for the detection and quantification of marker tannins with a low limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), depending on the size and complexity of the structures of the HTs. Each isolated compound was successfully identified and characterized by UHPLC/ESI-Orbitrap-MS/MS analysis. In addition, a new methodology for cold extraction and fractionation by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography has been developed for the targeted extraction of HTs. CONCLUSIONS This study has provided a compound-specific MRM method for the detection and quantification of representative HTs from diverse phytochemical samples that can thus be used in large-scale screening tests to pinpoint the major biosynthetic branches of HTs utilized by plants to accumulate specific types of HTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Saha
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Iqbal Bin Imran
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
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Fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium L.): botany, phytochemistry and traditional uses. A review. HERBA POLONICA 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2019-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium L., Onagraceae) is one of important medicinal plants used especially in the treatment of urogenital disorders, including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatitis. The therapeutic effects of E. angustifolium extracts comprise antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and also antimicrobial activities. The aim of the present review was to provide the information on the botany, phytochemistry and traditional uses of E. angustifolium. This plant is a widespread circumboreal species of North America and Eurasia, tolerant in terms of habitat conditions, and often occupying man-made open habitats. Phytochemical studies on E. angustifolium resulted in the identification of about 250 different metabolites, including about 170 substances found for the first time in this plant in the last six years (2014–2019). Fireweed has an abundance of polyphenolic compounds, particularly ellagitannins. Oenothein B and quercetin-3-O-glucuronide are proposed as markers for the identification and standardization of the plant raw material. E. angustifolium exhibits significant phytochemical variability in relation to the geographical origin, plant part and time of harvest/vegetation phase. Survey of the ethnobotanical literature showed that the above-mentioned species has been widely used not only as a medicinal, but also as an edible, honey and decorative plant.
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Vitalone A, Allkanjari O. Epilobium spp: Pharmacology and Phytochemistry. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1229-1240. [PMID: 29575111 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Epilobium species and their extracts are very popular in folk medicine, for a wide range of applications. The purpose of this review is the analysis of the pharmacological properties of Epilobium spp, considering whether their effects (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, analgesic, and antiandrogenic) could rationally justify the use of Epilobium as a treatment of numerous diseases. Even if numerous preclinical studies have been reported, randomized controlled clinical trials (for the evaluation of safety and efficacy), and eventually cost-effectiveness studies (to estimate the long-term cumulative costs), are still needed to confirm the usefulness of these medicinal plants in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabella Vitalone
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Olta Allkanjari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Munir R, Semmar N, Farman M, Ahmad NS. An updated review on pharmacological activities and phytochemical constituents of evening primrose (genus Oenothera ). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Singh S, Dubey V, Singh DK, Fatima K, Ahmad A, Luqman S. Antiproliferative and antimicrobial efficacy of the compounds isolated from the roots of Oenothera biennis L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:1230-1243. [PMID: 28555835 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oenothera biennis L., commonly known as evening primrose, harbours the flavonoids, steroids, tannins, fatty acids and terpenoids responsible for a diverse range of biological activity, such as antitumour, anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition to the previous reports from aerial parts of this plant, studies related to antiproliferative or antimicrobial activity from the roots are warranted. OBJECTIVE To investigate antiproliferative and antimicrobial activity of compounds/mixture (1-8) isolated and characterized from the roots of O. biennis L. A possible mechanism of antiproliferative activity was also studied by targeting ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and cathepsin D (CATD). STUDY DESIGN Antiproliferative efficacy of the compounds/mixture was examined in selected cancer cell lines along with their probable mechanism of action. The antimicrobial activity was also studied against selected microbes (bacteria and fungi). METHODS Antiproliferative potential was evaluated by MTT assay against selected cell lines. The mechanism of action was studied spectrophotometrically by targeting ODC and CATD using both an in-vitro and an in-silico approach. The antimicrobial efficiency was analysed using the disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. KEY FINDINGS Oenotheralanosterol B (3) and the mixture of oenotheralanosterol A and oenotheralanosterol B (4) exhibited antiproliferative activity against breast, hepatic, prostate and leukaemia cancer cell lines as well as in mouse macrophages (IC50 8.35-49.69 μg/ml). Oenotheralanosterol B (3) and the mixture of oenotheralanosterol A and oenotheralanosterol B (4) displayed a strong molecular interaction with succinate dehydrogenase (binding energy -6.23 and -6.84 kcal/mol and Ki 27.03 and 9.6 μm, respectively). Oenotheralanosterol A (1), oenotheralanosterol B (3) and mixture of oenotheralanosterol A and oenotheralanosterol B (4) potently inhibited the ODC activity with IC50 ranging from 4.65 ± 0.35 to 19.06 ± 4.16 μg/ml and also showed a strong interaction with ODC (BE -4.17 to -4.46 kcal/mol). Oenotheralanosterol A (1), cetoleilyl diglucoside (2), oenotheralanosterol B (3), dihydroxyprenylxanthone acetylated (6) and dihydroxyprenylxanthone (7) inhibited CATD activity (IC50 3.95 ± 0.49 to 24.35 ± 2.89 μg/ml). The in-silico molecular interaction analysis of compounds with CATD revealed the non-specific interaction. A moderate antimicrobial activity was observed against selected microbes with a growth inhibition ranging from 6 to 14 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration between 125 and 500 μg/ml. Oenotheralanosterol B (3) and dihydroxyprenylxanthone acetylated (6) exhibited better antimicrobial activity with an MIC range from 62.50 to 500 μg/ml. CONCLUSION Oenotheralanosterol B (3) exhibited stronger antiproliferative and antimicrobial potential with respect to the other compounds tested, whereas oenotheralanosterol A (1) was a potent inhibitor of ODC and CATD. Hence, it is suggested that these in-vitro findings could be studied further in vivo for biological activity, safety evaluation and derivatization to enhance potency and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Singh
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijaya Dubey
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhananjay Kumar Singh
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kaneez Fatima
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ateeque Ahmad
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Process Chemistry and Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Baert N, Kim J, Karonen M, Salminen JP. Inter-population and inter-organ distribution of the main polyphenolic compounds of Epilobium angustifolium. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 134:54-63. [PMID: 27866749 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rosebay willowherb (Epilobium angustifolium) contains large amounts of polyphenolic compounds, including tellimagrandin I-based oligomeric ellagitannins (ETs). The aim of this study was to assess the interpopulational and inter-organ variability of the polyphenol fingerprint of E. angustifolium. Seven ETs, 11 flavonol glycosides and neochlorogenic acid were quantified by UHPLC-DAD-ESI-QqQ-MS in the leaves, flowers and stem parts of plants from 10 populations. Total polyphenol content of leaves and flowers ranged from 150 to 200 mg/g dry wt, of which 90% was constituted by dimeric to heptameric ETs. Flowers contained, on average, 10% more oenothein B (dimeric ET) and 2 times less oenothein A (trimeric ET) than leaves. Tetrameric and pentameric ETs exhibited rather similar levels in leaves and flowers whereas hexameric and heptameric were 3-4 times more abundant in flowers than in leaves. Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside and kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside were specific to flower tissue and were absent from leaves. The inflorescence stem showed the highest content in total polyphenols with an average of 250 mg/g dry wt and contained remarkably large amounts of oenothein B and A. Polyphenol content steadily decreased along the inflorescence stem and reached its lowest level in the vegetative part of the stem. The interpopulational variability of most polyphenols was within a two- to threefold range across the 10 sampled populations. Myricetin-3-O-glucoside and myricetin-3-O-glucuronide, however, showed a more population-specific distribution with concentrations varying from 0 to 2.3 mg/g dry wt. Finally, this study showed that the levels of oenothein B and A in the plant are not interdependent but that their relative abundance is constant within a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Baert
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland.
| | - Jorma Kim
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Maarit Karonen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
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13
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Schepetkin IA, Ramstead AG, Kirpotina LN, Voyich JM, Jutila MA, Quinn MT. Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols from Epilobium Angustifolium (Fireweed). Phytother Res 2016; 30:1287-97. [PMID: 27215200 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Epilobium angustifolium is a medicinal plant used around the world in traditional medicine for the treatment of many disorders and ailments. Experimental studies have demonstrated that Epilobium extracts possess a broad range of pharmacological and therapeutic effects, including antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-aging properties. Flavonoids and ellagitannins, such as oenothein B, are among the compounds considered to be the primary biologically active components in Epilobium extracts. In this review, we focus on the biological properties and the potential clinical usefulness of oenothein B, flavonoids, and other polyphenols derived from E. angustifolium. Understanding the biochemical properties and therapeutic effects of polyphenols present in E. angustifolium extracts will benefit further development of therapeutic treatments from this plant. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Andrew G Ramstead
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Liliya N Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Jovanka M Voyich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Mark A Jutila
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
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14
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Baert N, Karonen M, Salminen JP. Isolation, characterisation and quantification of the main oligomeric macrocyclic ellagitannins in Epilobium angustifolium by ultra-high performance chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1419:26-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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He Y, Xiao X, Cheng Y, Li G. Progress in field-assisted extraction and its application to solid sample analysis. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:177-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; SunYat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaohua Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; SunYat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Yingyi Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; SunYat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; SunYat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
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16
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Moilanen J, Koskinen P, Salminen JP. Distribution and content of ellagitannins in Finnish plant species. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 116:188-197. [PMID: 25819000 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The results of a screening study, in which a total of 82 Finnish plant species were studied for their ellagitannin composition and content, are presented. The total ellagitannin content was determined by HPLC-DAD, the detected ellagitannins were further characterized by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and divided into four structurally different sub-groups. Thirty plant species were found to contain ellagitannins and the ellagitannin content in the crude extracts varied from few mgg(-1) to over a hundred mgg(-1). Plant families that were rich in ellagitannins (>90mgg(-1) of the crude extract) were Onagraceae, Lyhtraceae, Geraniaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Fagaceae and some species from Rosaceae. Plant species that contained moderate amounts of ellagitannins (31-89mgg(-1) of the crude extract) were representatives of the family Rosaceae. Plant species that contained low amounts of ellagitannins (1-30mgg(-1) of the crude extract) were representatives of the families Betulaceae and Myricaceae. The specific ellagitannin composition of the species allowed their chemotaxonomic classification and the comparison between the older Cronquist's classification and the nowadays preferred Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Moilanen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Piia Koskinen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Monschein M, Jaindl K, Buzimkić S, Bucar F. Content of phenolic compounds in wild populations of Epilobium angustifolium growing at different altitudes. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1576-1582. [PMID: 25856698 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.993039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Flavonoids are regarded as essential ingredients for the anti-inflammatory activity of Epilobium angustifolium L. (Onagraceae). The metabolic profiles of medicinal plants vary aside from genetic determination due to the influence by external factors. OBJECTIVES This study evaluates the influence of altitudinal variation on the content of flavonoids in E. angustifolium in two consecutive growing periods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aerial and herbaceous plant materials were collected at three different altitudes (800, 1000, and 1500 m) during two collection periods. Plant samples (11-13 samples per altitude and year) were extracted with methanol using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). Identification and quantification of the constituents were achieved by chromatographic means of HPLC-PDA and LC-PDA-MS analyses. RESULTS Rising concentrations of flavonol 3-O-glycosides could be detected with increasing altitude. The content of the major compound, quercetin 3-O-glucuronide, ranged from 4.4 ± 2.05 (800 m) to 4.9 ± 1.03 (1000 m) and up to 6.6 ± 1.14 mg/g (1500 m). The total amount of flavonol 3-O-glycosides in 73 analyzed samples ranged from 10.7 ± 1.37 up to 17.3 ± 1.99 mg/g. DISCUSSION Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide can be considered as a potential marker for the increased production of flavonols in herbal parts of E. angustifolium at higher altitudinal levels. CONCLUSION The study confirms that environmental factors at higher altitude result in elevated levels of flavonols in aerial plant tissues of E. angustifolium. Specific factors for influencing the flavonoid content have to be clarified in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Monschein
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz , Graz , Austria
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Granica S, Piwowarski JP, Czerwińska ME, Kiss AK. Phytochemistry, pharmacology and traditional uses of different Epilobium species (Onagraceae): a review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 156:316-346. [PMID: 25196824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Epilobium genus (willowherb) comprises of ca. 200 species of herbaceous plants distributed around the world. Infusions prepared form willowherbs have been traditionally used externally in skin and mucosa infections and in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia. Nowadays extracts from different Epilobium species are widely used by patients, however the lack of clinical studies does not allow to fully establish their efficacy. The present review summarizes published data on phytochemistry, ethnopharmacological use and pharmacological studies concerning willowherb species investigated throughout past few decades. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature survey was performed using Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Reaxys databases looking for papers and patents focused on chemical composition and bioactivity of Epilobium species. Systematic research in ethnopharmacological literature in digitalized sources of academic libraries was also carried out. RESULT The chemical composition of different Epilobium species and their bioactivities are described. The detailed information on constituents isolated and detected by chromatographic methods is given. The studies show that polyphenols are main compounds occurring in Epilobium herb among which flavonoids, phenolic acids and tannins (oenothein B and oenothein A) are dominating constituents. The extracts and some isolated compounds from Epilobium sp. were shown to possess antimicrobial, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidative activities. Because many studies suggest that oenothein B as dominating constituent may be responsible for Epilobium sp. pharmacological effects, its documented bioactivities were also described. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacological studies performed on Epilobium justify the traditional use of this species in external and in gastrointestinal inflammations. As far as the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is considered, in the literature, there are some reports indicating that Epilobium extracts have a beneficial effect for this disorder, but the number of in vitro studies is not sufficient and the in vivo studies are not conclusive or too preliminary to draw a final conclusion about the efficacy of Epilobium preparations. More in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies to confirm this mode of action are strongly needed. Epilobium's extracts have also documented antioxidative and potential anti-inflammatory properties. Oenothein B can be considered as responsible for some of Epilobium pharmacological properties. Because of the lack of clinical data further studies are needed to provide an evidence base for traditional uses of plant materials belonging to the Epilobium genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub P Piwowarski
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika E Czerwińska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna K Kiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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Granica S, Piwowarski JP, Kiss AK. Determination of C-glucosidic ellagitannins in Lythri salicariaeherba by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector: method development and validation. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2014; 25:201-6. [PMID: 24375649 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lythri salicariaeherba is a pharmacopoeial plant material used by patients in the form of infusions in the treatment of acute diarrhoea. According to its pharmacopoeial monograph it is standardised for total tannin content, which should be not less than 5.0% using pyrogallol as a standard. Previous studies have shown that aqueous extracts from Lythri herba contain mainly ellagitannins among which vescalagin, castalagin and salicarinins A and B are dominating constituents. OBJECTIVE To develop and validate an efficient UHPLC coupled with a charged aerosol detector (CAD) method for quantification of four major ellagitannins in Lythri salicariaeherba and in one commercial preparation. METHODS Extraction conditions of ellagitannins from plant material were optimised. The relative response factors for vescalagin, castalagin and salicarinins A and B using gallic acid as an external standard were determined for the CAD detector. Then, a UHPLC method for quantification of ellagitannins was developed and validated. RESULTS Four major ellagitannins were quantified in four samples of Lythri herba and in one commercial preparation. The sum of ellagitannins for each sample was determined, which varied from 30.66 to 48.80 mg/g of raw material and 16.57 mg per capsule for the preparation investigated. CONCLUSION The first validated UHPLC/CAD UHPLC-CAD method for quantification of four major ellagitannins was developed. The universality of the CAD response was evaluated and it is shown that although all compounds analysed have similar structures their CAD response differs significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Current initiatives for the validation of analytical methods for botanicals. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 25:124-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Stolarczyk M, Naruszewicz M, Kiss AK. Extracts from Epilobium sp. herbs induce apoptosis in human hormone-dependent prostate cancer cells by activating the mitochondrial pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:1044-54. [PMID: 23738732 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to determine the effect of standardized aqueous extracts from Epilobium angustifolium L., E. parviflorum Schreb. and E. hirsutum L. herbs on the apoptosis of hormone-dependent prostate cancer cells (LNCaP). METHODS The extracts were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS). Apoptosis in the cells was analysed using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate, and mitochondrial potential, Δψm , using JC-1 by flow cytometry. Caspase-3 activity was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. KEY FINDINGS Using the HPLC-DAD-MS/MS method, 38 constituents were characterized. Extracts contained significant amounts of oenothein B as well as flavonoids and phenolic acids. Exposure of LNCaP cells to the extracts (20, 50 and 70 μg/ml) resulted in a significant increase in the level apoptotic cells, from 2.86 ± 0.5% (for untreated cells) up to 86.6 ± 1.0%. All extracts significantly decreased the mitochondrial potential, Δψm , resulting in an increase in the activity of caspase-3 from 0.3 ± 0.07 ng/mg of protein (for untreated cells) up to 1.26 ± 0.32 ng/mg of protein. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that Epilobium extracts are active against LNCaP prostate cancer cells and that their apoptotic activity is related to activation of the mitochondrial pathway. The high oenothein B content may influence the biological activity of these plant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Stolarczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Stolarczyk M, Piwowarski JP, Granica S, Stefańska J, Naruszewicz M, Kiss AK. Extracts fromEpilobiumsp. Herbs, Their Components and Gut Microbiota Metabolites ofEpilobiumEllagitannins, Urolithins, Inhibit Hormone-Dependent Prostate Cancer Cells-(LNCaP) Proliferation and PSA Secretion. Phytother Res 2013; 27:1842-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Stolarczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy; Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Pharmacy; Banacha 1 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Jakub P. Piwowarski
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy; Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Pharmacy; Banacha 1 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy; Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Pharmacy; Banacha 1 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Joanna Stefańska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology; Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Pharmacy; Banacha 1 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Marek Naruszewicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy; Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Pharmacy; Banacha 1 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anna K. Kiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy; Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Pharmacy; Banacha 1 02-097 Warsaw Poland
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Granica S, Czerwińska ME, Piwowarski JP, Ziaja M, Kiss AK. Chemical composition, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity of extracts prepared from aerial parts of Oenothera biennis L. and Oenothera paradoxa Hudziok obtained after seeds cultivation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:801-810. [PMID: 23311638 DOI: 10.1021/jf304002h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the chemical composition of extracts prepared from aerial parts of Oenothera paradoxa Hudziok and Oenothera biennis L. and their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Ultra high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-DAD-MS/MS studies showed that both extracts contain a wide variety of polyphenols (39 identified constituents) among which macrocyclic ellagitannin turned out to be the main constituent. During the in vitro studies, using noncellular models, both extracts scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a concentration-dependent manner, and the lowest SC(50) values were obtained for O(2)(-) and H(2)O(2). Both extracts inhibited ROS production by stimulated human neutrophils. The stronger activity in the case of formyl-met-leu-phenylalanine stimulation suggests that both extracts may act through the receptor-dependent pathway. O. paradoxa extract and O. biennis extract exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by the inhibition of hyaluronidase and lipoxygenase in a concentration-dependent manner. The stronger activity of O.biennis extract toward lipoxygenase may be explained by its higher oenothein B content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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