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Guo DD, Huang HY, Liu HE, Liu K, Luo XJ. Orientin Reduces the Effects of Repeated Procedural Neonatal Pain in Adulthood: Network Pharmacology Analysis, Molecular Docking Analysis, and Experimental Validation. Pain Res Manag 2023; 2023:8893932. [PMID: 38047157 PMCID: PMC10691896 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8893932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Premature infants often undergo painful procedures and consequently experience repeated procedural neonatal pain. This can elicit hyperalgesia and cognitive impairment in adulthood. Treatments for neonatal pain are limited. Orientin is a flavonoid C-glycoside that has repeatedly been shown to have pharmacological effects in the past decades. The aim of this study was to systematically explore the effect of orientin on repeated procedural neonatal pain using network pharmacology, molecular docking analysis, and experimental validation. Methods Several compound-protein databases and disease-protein databases were employed to identify proteins that were both predicted targets of orientin and involved in neonatal pain. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to explore the potential mechanism of action. Molecular docking analysis was employed to calculate the binding energy and visualize the interactions between orientin and potential target proteins. Finally, a mouse model of repeated procedural neonatal pain was established and orientin was administered for 6 days. The mechanical and thermal pain thresholds were assessed in neonates and adult mice. A Morris water maze was employed to investigate cognitive impairment in adult mice. Results A total of 286 proteins that were both predicted targets of orientin and involved in neonatal pain were identified. The hub proteins were SRC, HSP90AA1, MAPK1, RHOA, EGFR, AKT1, PTPN11, ESR1, RXRA, and HRAS. GO analysis indicated that the primary biological process (BP), molecular function (MF), and cellular component (CC) were protein phosphorylation, protein kinase activity, and vesicle lumen, respectively. KEGG analysis revealed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway may be the key to the mechanism of action. Molecular docking analysis showed the high binding affinities of orientin for MAPK1, MAPK8, and MAPK14. In mice, orientin inhibited the hyperalgesia in the pain threshold tests in neonates and adult mice and cognitive impairment in adult mice. Immunofluorescence showed that phosphorylated MAPK1 (p-ERK) protein levels in the hippocampus and spinal dorsal horn were downregulated by orientin. Conclusion The findings suggested that orientin alleviates neonatal pain, and the MAPK signaling pathway is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Hai-Yan Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Hai-E. Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Xing-Jing Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
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Ibrahim TA, Hassen A, Apostolides Z. The Antimethanogenic Potentials of Plant Extracts: Their Yields and Phytochemical Compositions as Affected by Extractive Solvents. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3296. [PMID: 36501339 PMCID: PMC9737672 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant phytochemicals are an important area of study in ruminant nutrition, primarily due to their antimethanogenic potentials. Plant extract yields, their bioactive compounds and antimethanogenic properties are largely dependent on the nature of the extractive solvents. This study evaluated the yields and phytochemical constituents of four plant extracts, as affected by the aqueous-methanolic (H2O-CH3OH) extraction and their antimethanogenic properties on the in vitro methane production. The plant extracts included Aloe vera, Jatropha curcas, Moringa oleifera, and Piper betle leaves with three levels of extractions (70, 85, and 100% CH3OH). The crude plant extract yields increased with the increasing amount of water. M. oleifera crude extracts yields (g/10 g) increased from 3.24 to 3.92, A. vera, (2.35 to 3.11) J. curcas (1.77 to 2.26), and P. betle (2.42 to 3.53). However, the identified and quantified metabolites showed differing degrees of solubility unique to their plant leaves in which they exist, while some of the metabolites were unaffected by the extraction solvents. The methane mitigating potentials of these extracts were evaluated as additives on Eragrostis curvula hay at a recommended rate of 50 mg kg−1 DM. The plant extracts exhibited antimethanogenic properties to various degrees, reducing (p < 0.05) in vitro methane production in the tested hay, A. vera, J. curcas, M. oleifera and P. betle reduced methane emission by 6.37−7.55%, 8.02−11.56%, 12.26−12.97, and 5.66−7.78 respectively compared to the control treatment. However, the antimethanogenic efficacy, gas production and organic matter digestibility of the plant extracts were unaffected by the extraction solvents. Metabolites, such as aloin A, aloin B and kaempferol (in A. vera), apigenin, catechin, epicatechin, kaempferol, tryptophan, procyanidins, vitexin-7-olate and isovitexin-7-olate (in J. curcas), alkaloid, kaempferol, quercetin, rutin and neochlorogenic acid (in M. oleifera) and apigenin-7,4′-diglucoside, 3-p-coumaroylquinic acid, rutin, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, dihydrocaffeic acid, and dihydrocoumaric acid (in P. betle) exhibited a methane reducing potential and hence, additional studies may be conducted to test the methane reducing properties of the individual metabolites as well as their combined forms. Plant extracts could be more promising, and hence, further study is necessary to explore other extraction methods, as well as the encapsulation of extracts for the improved delivery of core materials to the target sites and to enhance methane reducing properties. Furthermore, the use of 70% aqueous extraction on M. oleifera leaf is recommended for practical use due to the reduced cost of extractive solvents, the lower cost and availability of Moringa plants in South Africa, especially in Gauteng Province. Furthermore, 70% aqueous-methanolic extractions of A. vera, J. curcas, and P. betle are recommended for practical use in regions where they exist in abundance and are cost effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taofik Adam Ibrahim
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Abubeker Hassen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Zeno Apostolides
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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de Brito JAG, Pinto LDS, Chaves CF, Ribeiro da Silva AJ, da Silva MFDGF, Cotinguiba F. Chemophenetic Significance of Anomalocalyx uleanus Metabolites are Revealed by Dereplication Using Molecular Networking Tools. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040925. [PMID: 33572445 PMCID: PMC7916253 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anomalocalyx uleanus (Pax & K. Hoffm.) Ducke (Euphorbiaceae) is a singular species in the genus and is restricted and exclusive to the Brazilian Amazon. A phytochemical study of A. uleanus leaves was performed, yielding the isolation of five major compounds: catechin/epicatechin, afzelin, quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, and astilbin. The phytochemical compositions of the methanolic extracts of leaves, roots, bark, and stem bark were determined using a dereplication approach. Forty-six compounds were annotated from the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) data, while four lipids were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, fifty compounds were detected, and they belonged to the primary metabolism and several classes of natural products such as flavonoids, flavonoids O-glycosides, flavonoids C-glycosides, biflavonoids, procyanidin, triterpene, triterpenes esterified with phenylpropanoids, phenylpropanoid derivatives, flavonolignans, coumarins, quinic acid derivatives, and benzoic acid derivatives. This is the first report on the phytochemical data of the genus Anomalocalyx, and the results of this study will contribute to the chemosystematic knowledge of the Euphorbiaceae family and justify the need for investigation of the pharmacological potential of the species A. uleanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Assis Gomes de Brito
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais “Walter Mors”, Centro de Ciencas da Saude, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco H, Cidade Universitaria, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (J.A.G.d.B.); (C.F.C.); (A.J.R.d.S.)
- Instituto Federal de Rondônia, Campus de Ji-Parana, Rua Rio Amazonas, 151, Jardim dos Migrantes, CEP 78960-000 Ji-Paraná-RO, Brazil
| | - Luciano da Silva Pinto
- Departamento de Quimica, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos-SP, Brazil; (L.d.S.P.); (M.F.d.G.F.d.S.)
| | - Cintia Folly Chaves
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais “Walter Mors”, Centro de Ciencas da Saude, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco H, Cidade Universitaria, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (J.A.G.d.B.); (C.F.C.); (A.J.R.d.S.)
| | - Antônio Jorge Ribeiro da Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais “Walter Mors”, Centro de Ciencas da Saude, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco H, Cidade Universitaria, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (J.A.G.d.B.); (C.F.C.); (A.J.R.d.S.)
| | | | - Fernando Cotinguiba
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais “Walter Mors”, Centro de Ciencas da Saude, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco H, Cidade Universitaria, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (J.A.G.d.B.); (C.F.C.); (A.J.R.d.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-3938-6791
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Leal AEBP, de Oliveira AP, Santos RFD, Soares JMD, Lavor EMD, Pontes MC, Lima JTD, Santos ADDC, Tomaz JC, Oliveira GGD, Neto FC, Lopes NP, Rolim LA, Almeida JRGDS. Determination of phenolic compounds, in vitro antioxidant activity and characterization of secondary metabolites in different parts of Passiflora cincinnata by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS analysis. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:995-1001. [PMID: 30584781 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1548445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol extracts of different parts of Passiflora cincinnata were obtained by maceration. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were evaluated. The antioxidant activities were determined by β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching test, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH), and 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging. The crude ethanol stem extract showed the highest amount of total polyphenols (45.53 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) while the highest total flavonoid contents (1.42 mg of quercetin equivalent/g) were observed in the leaf extract. The lowest IC50 (25.65 μg/ml) by the DPPH method was observed for the stem extract. The ABTS method showed a significant antioxidant activity for all investigated extracts. The secondary metabolite composition of ethanol extracts was assessed by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS analysis, leading to the identification of fourteen secondary metabolites in P. cincinnata extracts. These results showed the potentiality of this species as a source of phenolic compounds and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ediléia Barbosa Pereira Leal
- Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants (NEPLAME), Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Oliveira
- Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants (NEPLAME), Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Raira Feitosa Dos Santos
- Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants (NEPLAME), Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mikaelly Dias Soares
- Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants (NEPLAME), Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Erica Martins de Lavor
- Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants (NEPLAME), Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Michelle Cruz Pontes
- Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants (NEPLAME), Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Julianeli Tolentino de Lima
- Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants (NEPLAME), Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Alan Diego da Conceição Santos
- Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants (NEPLAME), Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Larissa Araújo Rolim
- Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants (NEPLAME), Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil.,University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Xavier-Santos JB, Félix-Silva J, Passos JGR, Gomes JAS, Fernandes JM, Garcia VB, de Araujo-Junior RF, Zucolotto SM, Silva-Junior AA, Fernandes-Pedrosa MF. Development of an effective and safe topical anti-inflammatory gel containing Jatropha gossypiifolia leaf extract: Results from a pre-clinical trial in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 227:268-278. [PMID: 30195567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory remedy. The topical use of the leaves and/or aerial parts of this plant as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, wound healing and anti-infective in several skin diseases is a common practice in many countries. The use of baths or dressings with this vegetal species is frequently reported in folk medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the topical anti-inflammatory of aqueous extract from leaves of J. gossypiifolia and to develop a safe and effective herbal gel with anti-inflammatory potential. MATERIAL AND METHODS First, the topical acute anti-inflammatory activity of J. gossypiifolia extract was evaluated in ear edema induced by single application of croton oil in mice. Then, a polaxamer-based gel containing J. gossypiifolia extract was developed, physicochemically characterized and evaluated in the same model of inflammation to assess whether the extract incorporation in gel would affect its anti-inflammatory potential. The best formulation was then assayed in ear edema induced by multiple applications of croton oil in mice, to evaluate its chronic anti-inflammatory potential. Inflammatory parameters evaluated included edema, nitrite concentration, mieloperoxidase (MPO) activity and oxidative damage in lipids and proteins. Finally, dermal irritation/corrosion test in mice was performed to access the safeness of the developed gel. Phytochemical characterization of J. gossypiifolia extract was performed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis. RESULTS J. gossypiifolia showed significant acute anti-inflammatory activity in ear edema model, and this activity was significantly increased when equivalent amounts of extract was applied incorporated in the developed polaxamer gels. The gels containing different amounts of extract reduced significantly the levels of edema, nitrite and MPO enzyme in mice ears, with intensity similar to the anti-inflammatory standard drug dexamethasone. The gel containing 1.0% of extract was further evaluated and also showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in chronic inflammation test, reducing significantly ear edema, lipid peroxidation and depletion of reduced glutathione, similarly to dexamethasone. Placebo formulation as well as gel containing extract showed pH compatible to that of human skin and exhibited absence of signs of toxicity in mice, indicating the safeness of the developed product for topical use. HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of C-glycosylflavonoids (orientin, isoorientin, vitexin and isovitexin) as the major compounds of J. gossypiifolia aqueous leaf extract. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the potentiality of J. gossypiifolia gel as a promising safe and effective topical anti-inflammatory agent for treatment of cutaneous inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinthia B Xavier-Santos
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Félix-Silva
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Júlia G R Passos
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Jacyra A S Gomes
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Júlia M Fernandes
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais Bioativos (PNBio), Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Vinícius Barreto Garcia
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | | | - Silvana M Zucolotto
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais Bioativos (PNBio), Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Arnóbio A Silva-Junior
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Matheus F Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Nikpour H, Mousavi M, Asadollahzadeh H. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Teucrium polium essential oil components by GC-MS coupled with MCR and PARAFAC methods. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2018; 29:590-600. [PMID: 29882286 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Teucrium polium is a herbal plant which has curative potential and pharmacological characteristics. Therefore, establishment of accurate analytical methods for characterising its active components is of prime importance. OBJECTIVE Because of the complex nature of essential oil samples, some results of direct gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis maybe unreliable. Therefore, GC-MS is coupled with chemometric methods to resolve experimental information taken from chromatographic peaks, and assign compounds to them more correctly. METHODS Essential oil of T. Polium of Koohbanan suburb (Kerman, Iran) was extracted by hydro-distillation. Then the T. polium essential oil was qualitatively analysed using GC-MS coupled with multivariate curve resolution (MCR), to resolve experimental information taken from chromatographic peaks, and assign compounds to them more correctly. After that, the method of parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) was implemented to quantify the concentrations of five major components of the T. polium essential oil. RESULTS The number of identified components increases from 74 using the direct method of analysis to 106 using the MCR method. It is shown that α-pinene (8.93 μg/L), cis-verbenol (3.98 μg/L) and myrtenal (1.02 μg/L) are the most abundant components in the T. polium essential oil. CONCLUSION By coupling GC-MS and chemometric resolution methods such as MCR-alternating least squares (ALS) and PARAFAC more information with higher precision and accuracy can be obtained from raw experimental data. Also, it is shown that by implementing the PARAFAC method on the GC-MS data, it is possible to measure the concentration of the constituents of co-eluted, overlapped or embedded chromatographic peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Nikpour
- Department of Chemistry, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mousavi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Félix-Silva J, Gomes JAS, Fernandes JM, Moura AKC, Menezes YAS, Santos ECG, Tambourgi DV, Silva-Junior AA, Zucolotto SM, Fernandes-Pedrosa MF. Comparison of two Jatropha species (Euphorbiaceae) used popularly to treat snakebites in Northeastern Brazil: Chemical profile, inhibitory activity against Bothrops erythromelas venom and antibacterial activity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 213:12-20. [PMID: 29113958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jatropha species (Euphorbiaceae) are largely used in traditional medicine to treat different pathologies in Africa, Asia and Latin America. In Northeastern Brazilian folk medicine, several Jatropha species, such as Jatropha gossypiifolia L. and Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill., are indistinctly used to treat snakebites. AIM OF THE STUDY To compare two of the Brazilian most used Jatropha species for snakebites (J. gossypiifolia and J. mollissima), in relation to their ability to inhibit local edematogenic activity of Bothrops erythromelas snake venom in mice, their in vitro antibacterial activity and phytochemical profile. MATERIAL AND METHODS Aqueous leaf extracts of J. gossypiifolia (AEJg) and J. mollissima (AEJm) were prepared by decoction. AEJg and AEJm were compared chemically, by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis. They were also pharmacologically compared, using the mouse model of paw edema induced by Bothrops erythromelas snake venom (BeV), and in vitro by broth microdilution and agar dilution antimicrobial tests. RESULTS Flavonoids were detected as the major compounds in both extracts. However, AEJg and AEJm showed quantitatively different chemical profiles by HPLC-DAD. AEJg presented fewer peaks of flavonoids than AEJm, however, when the intensity of peaks were analyzed, these compounds were at high concentration in AEJg, even using the same concentration of both extracts. Differences were also observed in the biological activity of the two extracts. While no difference was observed when the extracts were administered by oral route (P > 0.05), by the intraperitoneal route AEJg presented anti-edematogenic activity significantly (P < 0.001) higher than AEJm. In antimicrobial assays, only AEJg presented antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. CONCLUSIONS Although used indistinctly by folk medicine, our results suggested that AEJg is more active than AEJm in relation to its antiedematogenic and antibacterial activities. Significant differences were observed in their phytochemical profiles, especially a higher content of C-glycosylated flavonoids in the most active species, which could justify the different biological effects observed. These findings strengthen the potentiality of J. gossypiifolia species for use as complementary treatment for local effects induced by Bothrops venoms and could be helpful for distinction of the species and control quality assessment of future herbal medicines based on Jatropha plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Félix-Silva
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil; Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Jacyra A S Gomes
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil; Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Júlia M Fernandes
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais Bioativos (PNBio), Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Angela K C Moura
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil; Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Yamara A S Menezes
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil; Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Elizabeth C G Santos
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | | | - Arnóbio A Silva-Junior
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Silvana M Zucolotto
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais Bioativos (PNBio), Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Matheus F Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil; Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Papalia T, Barreca D, Panuccio MR. Assessment of Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Potential of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) Grown in Southern Italy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030660. [PMID: 28335473 PMCID: PMC5372672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is a plant native of Central and South America, but widely distributed in the wild or semi-cultivated areas in Africa, India, and South East Asia. Although studies are available in literature on the polyphenolic content and bioactivity of Jatropha curcas L., no information is currently available on plants grown in pedoclimatic and soil conditions different from the autochthon regions. The aim of the present work was to characterize the antioxidant system developed by the plant under a new growing condition and to evaluate the polyphenol amount in a methanolic extract of leaves. Along with these analyses we have also tested the antioxidant and cytoprotective activities on lymphocytes. RP-HPLC-DAD analysis of flavonoids revealed a chromatographic profile dominated by the presence of flavone C-glucosydes. Vitexin is the most abundant identified compound followed by vicenin-2, stellarin-2, rhoifolin, and traces of isovitexin and isorhoifolin. Methanolic extract had high scavenging activity in all antioxidant assays tested and cytoprotective activity on lymphocytes exposed to tertz-buthylhydroperoxide. The results highlighted a well-defined mechanism of adaptation of the plant and a significant content of secondary metabolites with antioxidant properties, which are of interest for their potential uses, especially as a rich source of biologically active products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Papalia
- Department of Agricultural Science, "Mediterranea" University, Feo di Vito, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria Panuccio
- Department of Agricultural Science, "Mediterranea" University, Feo di Vito, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
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Aqueous Leaf Extract of Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Bail Decreases Local Effects Induced by Bothropic Venom. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:6101742. [PMID: 27847818 PMCID: PMC5101363 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Snakebites are a serious worldwide public health problem. In Brazil, about 90% of accidents are attributed to snakes from the Bothrops genus. The specific treatment consists of antivenom serum therapy, which has some limitations such as inability to neutralize local effects, difficult access in some regions, risk of immunological reactions, and high cost. Thus, the search for alternative therapies to treat snakebites is relevant. Jatropha mollissima (Euphorbiaceae) is a medicinal plant popularly used in folk medicine as an antiophidic remedy. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of the aqueous leaf extract from J. mollissima on local effects induced by Bothrops venoms. High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection analysis and Mass Spectrometry analysis of aqueous leaf extract confirmed the presence of the flavonoids isoschaftoside, schaftoside, isoorientin, orientin, vitexin, and isovitexin. This extract, at 50–200 mg/kg doses administered by intraperitoneal route, showed significant inhibitory potential against local effects induced by Bothrops erythromelas and Bothrops jararaca snake venoms. Local skin hemorrhage, local edema, leukocyte migration, and myotoxicity were significantly inhibited by the extract. These results demonstrate that J. mollissima extract possesses inhibitory potential, especially against bothropic venoms, suggesting its potential as an adjuvant in treatment of snakebites.
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Carnevale Neto F, Pilon AC, Selegato DM, Freire RT, Gu H, Raftery D, Lopes NP, Castro-Gamboa I. Dereplication of Natural Products Using GC-TOF Mass Spectrometry: Improved Metabolite Identification by Spectral Deconvolution Ratio Analysis. Front Mol Biosci 2016; 3:59. [PMID: 27747213 PMCID: PMC5044510 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2016.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dereplication based on hyphenated techniques has been extensively applied in plant metabolomics, thereby avoiding re-isolation of known natural products. However, due to the complex nature of biological samples and their large concentration range, dereplication requires the use of chemometric tools to comprehensively extract information from the acquired data. In this work we developed a reliable GC-MS-based method for the identification of non-targeted plant metabolites by combining the Ratio Analysis of Mass Spectrometry deconvolution tool (RAMSY) with Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System software (AMDIS). Plants species from Solanaceae, Chrysobalanaceae and Euphorbiaceae were selected as model systems due to their molecular diversity, ethnopharmacological potential, and economical value. The samples were analyzed by GC-MS after methoximation and silylation reactions. Dereplication was initiated with the use of a factorial design of experiments to determine the best AMDIS configuration for each sample, considering linear retention indices and mass spectral data. A heuristic factor (CDF, compound detection factor) was developed and applied to the AMDIS results in order to decrease the false-positive rates. Despite the enhancement in deconvolution and peak identification, the empirical AMDIS method was not able to fully deconvolute all GC-peaks, leading to low MF values and/or missing metabolites. RAMSY was applied as a complementary deconvolution method to AMDIS to peaks exhibiting substantial overlap, resulting in recovery of low-intensity co-eluted ions. The results from this combination of optimized AMDIS with RAMSY attested to the ability of this approach as an improved dereplication method for complex biological samples such as plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Carnevale Neto
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil; Núcleo de Bioensaios, Biossíntese e Ecofisiologia de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESPAraraquara, Brazil
| | - Alan C Pilon
- Núcleo de Bioensaios, Biossíntese e Ecofisiologia de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Denise M Selegato
- Núcleo de Bioensaios, Biossíntese e Ecofisiologia de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Rafael T Freire
- Núcleo de Bioensaios, Biossíntese e Ecofisiologia de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESPAraraquara, Brazil; Centro de Imagens e Espectroscopia in vivo por Ressonância Magnética, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São PauloSão Carlos, Brazil
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, USA; Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China Institute of TechnologyNanchang, China
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, USA; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, WA, USA
| | - Norberto P Lopes
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ian Castro-Gamboa
- Núcleo de Bioensaios, Biossíntese e Ecofisiologia de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP Araraquara, Brazil
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A Review on Medicinal Properties of Orientin. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2016; 2016:4104595. [PMID: 27298620 PMCID: PMC4889806 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4104595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants continue to play an important role in modern medications and healthcare as consumers generally believe that most of them cause fewer or milder adverse effects than the conventional modern medicines. In order to use the plants as a source of medicinal agents, the bioactive compounds are usually extracted from plants. Therefore, the extraction of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants is a crucial step in producing plant-derived drugs. One of the bioactive compounds isolable from medicinal plants, orientin, is often used in various bioactivity studies due to its extensive beneficial properties. The extraction of orientin in different medicinal plants and its medicinal properties, which include antioxidant, antiaging, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammation, vasodilatation and cardioprotective, radiation protective, neuroprotective, antidepressant-like, antiadipogenesis, and antinociceptive effects, are discussed in detail in this review.
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de Villiers A, Venter P, Pasch H. Recent advances and trends in the liquid-chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of flavonoids. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1430:16-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Ahmad A, Kaleem M, Ahmed Z, Shafiq H. Therapeutic potential of flavonoids and their mechanism of action against microbial and viral infections—A review. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ardila JA, Funari CS, Andrade AM, Cavalheiro AJ, Carneiro RL. Cluster analysis of commercial samples of Bauhinia spp. using HPLC-UV/PDA and MCR-ALS/PCA without peak alignment procedure. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2015; 26:367-373. [PMID: 26047147 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bauhinia forficata Link. is recognised by the Brazilian Health Ministry as a treatment of hypoglycemia and diabetes. Analytical methods are useful to assess the plant identity due the similarities found in plants from Bauhinia spp. HPLC-UV/PDA in combination with chemometric tools is an alternative widely used and suitable for authentication of plant material, however, the shifts of retention times for similar compounds in different samples is a problem. OBJECTIVE To perform comparisons between the authentic medicinal plant (Bauhinia forficata Link.) and samples commercially available in drugstores claiming to be "Bauhinia spp. to treat diabetes" and to evaluate the performance of multivariate curve resolution - alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) associated to principal component analysis (PCA) when compared to pure PCA. METHODOLOGY HPLC-UV/PDA data obtained from extracts of leaves were evaluated employing a combination of MCR-ALS and PCA, which allowed the use of the full chromatographic and spectrometric information without the need of peak alignment procedures. RESULTS The use of MCR-ALS/PCA showed better results than the conventional PCA using only one wavelength. Only two of nine commercial samples presented characteristics similar to the authentic Bauhinia forficata spp., considering the full HPLC-UV/PDA data. CONCLUSION The combination of MCR-ALS and PCA is very useful when applied to a group of samples where a general alignment procedure could not be applied due to the different chromatographic profiles. This work also demonstrates the need of more strict control from the health authorities regarding herbal products available on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Armando Ardila
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Soleo Funari
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 14800-900, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 18610-307, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Marques Andrade
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 14800-900, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto José Cavalheiro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 14800-900, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Lajarim Carneiro
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Oliveira TB, Gobbo-Neto L, Schmidt TJ, Da Costa FB. Study of Chromatographic Retention of Natural Terpenoids by Chemoinformatic Tools. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 55:26-38. [DOI: 10.1021/ci500581q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago B. Oliveira
- AsterBioChem
Research Team, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry (IPBP), University of Münster, Correnstr. 48, 48159 Münster, Germany
| | - Leonardo Gobbo-Neto
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thomas J. Schmidt
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry (IPBP), University of Münster, Correnstr. 48, 48159 Münster, Germany
| | - Fernando B. Da Costa
- AsterBioChem
Research Team, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Félix-Silva J, Souza T, Camara RBBG, Cabral B, Silva-Júnior AA, Rebecchi IMM, Zucolotto SM, Rocha HAO, Fernandes-Pedrosa MDF. In vitro anticoagulant and antioxidant activities of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) leaves aiming therapeutical applications. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:405. [PMID: 25328027 PMCID: PMC4210492 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) is a medicinal plant largely used in folk medicine. Teas from the leaves are popularly used as an antithrombotic agent and the branches are frequently employed as a "thick blood" agent. Considering that the anticoagulant activity associated with antioxidant properties could be beneficial for various cardiovascular diseases, this study's aim is the evaluation of anticoagulant and antioxidant activities of J. gossypiifolia leaves, seeking new therapeutic purposes for this plant. METHODS The aqueous leaf crude extract (CE) was prepared by decoction and was fractionated by liquid-liquid partition with solvents of increasing polarity. The phytochemical analysis was performed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and by the spectrophotometric quantification of sugars, proteins and phenolic compounds. The anticoagulant activity was evaluated by prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) tests. The capacity to act in the fibrinolytic system (fibrinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activities) was also assessed. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by total antioxidant capacity, reducing power, copper chelating activity, iron chelating activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and superoxide radical scavenging assays. The potential toxicity was evaluated using hemolytic assay and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay on HEK-293 cells. RESULTS CE showed significant anticoagulant activity in aPTT test, while no action was observed in PT test, suggesting a preferential action toward the intrinsic and/or common pathway of coagulation. No effect was observed in the fibrinolytic system. Using the aPTT test, it was observed that the residual aqueous (RA) fraction was the most active, being two times more active than CE. RA presented very significant antioxidant activity in all models tested comparable to or even higher than CE. Regarding the safety, CE and RA did not produce significant cytotoxicity in both tests employed. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, proteins, tannins, steroids and/or terpenoids and sugars. CONCLUSIONS CE and RA possessed significant anticoagulant and antioxidant activity and absence of cytotoxic effect in vitro, thus showing the potential of the plant, especially RA fraction, as a new source of bioactive molecules for therapeutic purposes, with particular emphasis on the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Félix-Silva J, Souza T, Menezes YAS, Cabral B, Câmara RBG, Silva-Junior AA, Rocha HAO, Rebecchi IMM, Zucolotto SM, Fernandes-Pedrosa MF. Aqueous leaf extract of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) inhibits enzymatic and biological actions of Bothrops jararaca snake venom. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104952. [PMID: 25126759 PMCID: PMC4134247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Snakebites are a serious public health problem due their high morbi-mortality. The main available specific treatment is the antivenom serum therapy, which has some disadvantages, such as poor neutralization of local effects, risk of immunological reactions, high cost and difficult access in some regions. In this context, the search for alternative therapies is relevant. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antiophidic properties of Jatropha gossypiifolia, a medicinal plant used in folk medicine to treat snakebites. The aqueous leaf extract of the plant was prepared by decoction and phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of sugars, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes and/or steroids and proteins. The extract was able to inhibit enzymatic and biologic activities induced by Bothrops jararaca snake venom in vitro and in vivo. The blood incoagulability was efficiently inhibited by the extract by oral route. The hemorrhagic and edematogenic local effects were also inhibited, the former by up to 56% and the latter by 100%, in animals treated with extract by oral and intraperitoneal routes, respectively. The inhibition of myotoxic action of B. jararaca reached almost 100%. According to enzymatic tests performed, it is possible to suggest that the antiophidic activity may be due an inhibitory action upon snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) and/or serine proteinases (SVSPs), including fibrinogenolytic enzymes, clotting factors activators and thrombin like enzymes (SVTLEs), as well upon catalytically inactive phospholipases A2 (Lys49 PLA2). Anti-inflammatory activity, at least partially, could also be related to the inhibition of local effects. Additionally, protein precipitating and antioxidant activities may also be important features contributing to the activity presented. In conclusion, the results demonstrate the potential antiophidic activity of J. gossypiifolia extract, including its significant action upon local effects, suggesting that it may be used as a new source of bioactive molecules against bothropic venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Félix-Silva
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPgCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Thiago Souza
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPgCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Yamara A. S. Menezes
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPgCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Cabral
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Rafael B. G. Câmara
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Arnóbio A. Silva-Junior
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPgCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Hugo A. O. Rocha
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ivanise M. M. Rebecchi
- Laboratório de Hematologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Silvana M. Zucolotto
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Matheus F. Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPgCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae): A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of This Medicinal Plant. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:369204. [PMID: 25002902 PMCID: PMC4070477 DOI: 10.1155/2014/369204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae), widely known as “bellyache bush,” is a medicinal plant largely used throughout Africa and America. Several human and veterinary uses in traditional medicine are described for different parts and preparations based on this plant. However, critical reviews discussing emphatically its medicinal value are missing. This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the traditional uses, as well as the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity data of J. gossypiifolia species, in view of discussing its medicinal value and potential application in complementary and alternative medicine. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated significant action of different extracts and/or isolated compounds as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal, antihypertensive, and anticancer agents, among others, supporting some of its popular uses. No clinical trial has been detected to date. Further studies are necessary to assay important folk uses, as well as to find new bioactive molecules with pharmacological relevance based on the popular claims. Toxicological studies associated with phytochemical analysis are important to understand the eventual toxic effects that could reduce its medicinal value. The present review provides insights for future research aiming for both ethnopharmacological validation of its popular use and its exploration as a new source of herbal drugs and/or bioactive natural products.
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