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Shen X, Yan B. Europium chelate-anionic exchange functionalized covalent organic frameworks for the sensing of aristolochic acid a in humans and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim in surface water. Talanta 2023; 265:124869. [PMID: 37364387 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The application of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) in fluorescence detection is of great interest. Herein, we have synthesized the ionic covalent organic framework TGH+·PD: Eu(TTA)4 with the characteristic emission of lanthanides by a straightforward ion-exchange method. This is the first time that aristolochic acid A (AA), a key biomarker for absorption and metabolism in the body for early diagnosis of diseases, has been detected by using COF as a fluorescent probe, which exhibits a good linear correlation with the AA concentration over a range from 5.0 to 1000 μM with a detection limit of 0.0808 μM. In addition, the selective response to sulfamethoxazole (SMZ)/trimethoprim (TMP) is achieved by varying the excitation wavelength with detection lines of 30.2 nM and 2.898 μM, respectively. It is worth mentioning that BNPP has been developed for the accurate determination of SMZ in uncertain samples. In a word, the prepared TGH+·PD: Eu(TTA)4-based sensor can be used for the quantitative detection of AA and SMZ/TMP, separately, effectively extending the application of COFs in the field of fluorescence sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Shen
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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2
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Gu EY, Jung J, Back SM, Lim KH, Kim W, Min BS, Han KH, Kim SK, Kim YB. Evaluation of genotoxicity and 13-week subchronic toxicity of root of Asarum heterotropoides var. seoulense (Nakai) Kitag. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 305:116012. [PMID: 36567041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Asarum heterotropoides var. seoulense (Nakai) Kitag is a traditional herbal medicine used in Korea and China. It is effective in aphthous stomatitis, local anesthesia, headache, toothache, gingivitis, and inflammatory diseases. However, information on the toxicity of the root of Asarum heterotropoides var. seoulense (Nakai) Kitag (AR) is limited. Therefore, preclinical toxicity studies on AR are needed to reduce the risk of excessive intake. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to evaluate genotoxicity and the potential toxicity due to repeated administration of AR powder. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames), in vitro chromosomal aberration assay (CA), and in vivo micronucleus (MN) assay in ICR mice were conducted. As positive results were obtained in Ames and CA assays, alkaline comet assay and pig-a gene mutation test were conducted for confirmation. For evaluating the general toxicity of AR powder, a 13-week subchronic toxicity test was conducted, after determining the dose by performing a single and a 4-week dose range finding (DRF) test. A total of 152 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were orally administered AR powder at doses of 0, 150, 350, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day in the 13-week subchronic toxicity test. Hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis, organ weight, macro-, and microscopic examination were conducted after rat necropsy. RESULTS AR powder induced genotoxicity evidenced in the Ames test at 187.5, 750, 375, and 1500 μg/plate of TA100, TA98, TA1537, and E. coli WP2uvrA in the presence and absence of S9, respectively; CA test at 790 μg/mL for 6 h in the presence of S-9; 75 μg/mL for 6 h in the absence of S-9, and 70 μg/mL for 22 h in the absence of S-9 in the stomach in the comet assay but not in MN and pig-a assays. In the 13-week subchronic toxicity study, clinical signs including irregular respiration, noisy respiration, salivation, and decreased body weight or food consumption were observed in males and females in the 2000 mg/kg/day group. In hematology tests, clinical chemistry, urinalysis, organ weight, and macroscopic examination, changes were observed in the dose groups of 500 mg/kg/day and above. Microscopic examination revealed hyperplasia of the stomach as a test-related change. Hepatocellular adenoma and changes in liver-related clinical chemistry parameters were observed. The rat No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was 150 mg/kg/day in males and <150 mg/kg/day in females. CONCLUSIONS AR powder is potentially toxic to the liver and stomach and should be used with caution in humans. A long-term study on carcinogenicity is necessitated because DNA damage or changes in tissue lesions were observed in SD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Nam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea; Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jina Jung
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seng-Min Back
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hyun Lim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woojin Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38430, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kang-Hyun Han
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Nam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
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Wang X, Lu Q, Dou L, Liu M, Li P, Yu W, Yu X, Wang Z, Wen K. Broad-specificity indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for aristolochic acids: Computer-aided hapten design and molecular mechanism of antibody recognition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:159941. [PMID: 36347294 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Long-term dietary exposure of aristolochic acids (AAs)-contaminated food proved to be one of the main culprits of Endemic Nephropathy, renal failure; and urothelial cancer. The antibodies utilized in immunoassays for AAs suffer from low affinity and failure of recognition to the family of AAs. This study, we prepared a broad-specificity monoclonal antibody (mAb) 5H5 with highly and uniform affinity for AAs by help of computational chemistry fully exposing the AAs common structures of methoxy and hydroxyl groups. The mAb 5H5 exhibited half inhibitory concentrations of AAA, AAB, AAC, AAD were 0.03, 0.06, 0.05, 0.03 ng/mL. To explain the broad-specificity profile of mAb 5H5, molecular docking was performed. Results shown that multiple conformations of AAs can be flexibly oriented in the spacious cavity of single-chain variable fragment antibody (scFv) 5H5 and the specific hydron bonds were formed by ASN62 and GLY64 of scFV 5H5 to the nitro group of AAs which gave an explanation of the high cross-reactivity of mAb 5H5. The ELISA based on the broad-specificity mAb 5H5with detection limits of 0.04-0.11 μg/kg and 0.02-0.06 μg/kg for four AAs in flour and soil samples, respectively. The study provided a promising method for the family of AAs in environmental and food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingpeng Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Leina Dou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Minggang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezhi Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Immunological Separation of Bioactive Natural Compounds from Crude Drug Extract and Its Application for Cell-Based Studies. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:antib10040048. [PMID: 34940000 PMCID: PMC8698370 DOI: 10.3390/antib10040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present a review on a useful approach, namely, immunoaffinity column coupled with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), to separate natural compounds and its application for cell-based studies. The immunoaffinity column aids in separating the specific target compound from the crude extract. The column capacity was stable even after more than 10 purification cycles of use under the same conditions. After applying the crude extract to the column, the column was washed with washing buffer and eluted with elution buffer. The elution fraction contained the target compound bound to MAb, whereas the washing fraction was the crude extract, which contained all compounds except a group of target compounds; therefore, the washing fraction was referred to as a knockout (KO) crude extract. Cell-based studies using the KO extract revealed the actual effects of the natural compounds in the crude extract. One-step separation of natural compounds using the immunoaffinity column coupled with MAbs may help in determining the potential functions of natural compounds in crude extracts.
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5
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Shoyama Y. Studies on Natural Products Using Monoclonal Antibodies: A Review. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:43. [PMID: 34842627 PMCID: PMC8628510 DOI: 10.3390/antib10040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An immunoblotting system ("eastern blotting") was developed for small-molecule herbal medicines like glycosides, with no conjugation function to the membrane. Briefly, the crude extracts of herb medicines were developed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The small-molecule herbal medicines on TLC plates were transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or polyethersulfone (PES) membranes by heating. Antigen components were divided into two categories based on their function, i.e., their membrane recognizing (aglycone part) and fixing (sugar moiety) abilities. This procedure allows for the staining of only target glycosides. Double eastern blotting was developed as a further staining system for two herb medicines using a set of MAbs and substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Shoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
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Yoo MJ, Jin DP, Lee HO, Lim CE. Complete Plastome of Three Korean Asarum (Aristolochiaceae): Confirmation Tripartite Structure within Korean Asarum and Comparative Analyses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2056. [PMID: 34685866 PMCID: PMC8540983 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The genus Asarum (Aristolochiaceae) is a well-known resource of medicinal and ornamental plants. However, the taxonomy of Korean Asarum is ambiguous due to their considerable morphological variations. Previously, a unique plastome structure has been reported from this genus. Therefore, we investigated the structural change in the plastomes within three Korean Asarum species and inferred their phylogenetic relationships. The plastome sizes of Asarum species assembled here range from 190,168 to 193,356 bp, which are longer than a typical plastome size (160 kb). This is due to the incorporation and duplication of the small single copy into the inverted repeat, which resulted in a unique tripartite structure. We first verified this unique structure using the Illumina Miseq and Oxford Nanopore MinION platforms. We also investigated the phylogeny of 26 Aristolochiaceae species based on 79 plastid protein-coding genes, which supports the monophyly of Korean Asarum species. Although the 79 plastid protein-coding gene data set showed some limitations in supporting the previous classification, it exhibits its effectiveness in delineating some sections and species. Thus, it can serve as an effective tool for resolving species-level phylogeny in Aristolochiaceae. Last, we evaluated variable sites and simple sequence repeats in the plastome as potential molecular markers for species delimitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jeong Yoo
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA;
| | - Dong-Pil Jin
- National Institute of Biological Resources, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Korea;
| | - Hyun-Oh Lee
- Phyzen Inc., 13 Seongnam-daero, 331 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13558, Korea;
| | - Chae Eun Lim
- National Institute of Biological Resources, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Korea;
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7
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Zhang M, Liu H, Han Y, Bai L, Yan H. On-line enrichment and determination of aristolochic acid in medicinal plants using a MOF-based composite monolith as adsorbent. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1159:122343. [PMID: 32905990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, modified UiO-66-NH2 and N-methylolacrylamide (NMA) were used as common monomers to prepare a metal organic framework (MOF)-based composite monolith through in-situ polymerization, which was used as a new adsorbent to purify and enrich aristolochic acid-I (AA-I) in medicinal plants. The MOF-based composite monolithic column was characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm, mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption ability of MOF-based composite monolith for AA-I was compared with that of the polymer monolith without MOF added. The results proved that the addition of UiO-66-NH2 can increase both the specific surface area and the permeability of the monolith. Moreover, the adsorption amount of AA-I on the monolith improved. This proposed on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) method showed good linear relationship in the range 0.044 ~ 400 μg/mL with r = 0.9994; the limit of detection (LOD) was 13.08 ng/mL and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 44.00 ng/mL; the intra-day and inter-day accuracies were less than 0.97%; the inter-column accuracies was less than 6.11%; the recovery was in the range of 91.11%~106.48%. The method was found to be easy, accurate and convenient for on-line enrichment and purification of AA-I in medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Yamei Han
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Ligai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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8
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Zhang M, Liu H, Han Y, Bai L, Yan H. A review on the pharmacological properties, toxicological characteristics, pathogenic mechanism and analytical methods of aristolochic acids. TOXIN REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1811344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yamei Han
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Ligai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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9
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Cao S, Han L, Li Y, Yao S, Hou S, Ma SS, Dai W, Li J, Zhou Z, Wang Q, Huang F. Integrative transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses provide hepatotoxicity mechanisms of asarum. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:1359-1370. [PMID: 32742371 PMCID: PMC7388312 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Asarum is frequently applied in combination with other agents for prescriptions in practices of Traditional Chinese Medicine. A number of studies have previously indicated that asarum treatment induces lung toxicity by triggering inflammation. However, the potential effects of asarum in the liver and the underlying mechanisms have remained largely elusive. Therefore, transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches were used in the present study to examine the mechanisms of the hepatotoxicity of asarum. Specifically, mRNA and metabolites were obtained from rat liver samples following intragastric administration of asarum powder. RNA sequencing analysis was subsequently performed to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and a total of 434 DEGs were identified in liver tissue samples, 214 of which were upregulated and 220 were downregulated. Pathway enrichment analysis found that these genes were particularly enriched in processes including the regulation of p53 signaling, metabolic pathways and bile secretion. To investigate potential changes to the metabolic profile as a result of asarum treatment, a metabolomics analysis was performed, which detected 14 significantly altered metabolites in rat liver samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These metabolites were predominantly members of the taurine, hypotaurine and amino acid metabolic pathways. Metscape network analyses were subsequently performed to integrate the transcriptomics and metabolomics data. Integrative analyis revealed that the DEGs and metabolites were primarily associated with bile acid biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism and the p53 signaling pathway. Taken together, these results provide novel insight into the mechanism of asarum-mediated hepatotoxicity, which may potentially aid the clinical diagnosis and future therapeutic intervention of asarum poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Cao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Lintao Han
- Department of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Yamin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P.R. China
| | - Shiqi Yao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Shuaihong Hou
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Shi Ma
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Wangqiang Dai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxiang Zhou
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
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10
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Liu JL, Xu CL, Yang T, Hu ZR, Zhang ZQ, Feng GD. Developed a novel sensor based on fluorescent graft conjugated polymer for the determination of aristolochic acid in traditional Chinese medicine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 222:117239. [PMID: 31202031 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel fluorescent graft conjugated polymer (poly (2, 5-bis (Polyethylene glycol oxybutyrate)-1, 4-phenylethynylene-alt-1, 4-phenyleneethynylene, PPE-OB-PEG) has been designed and synthesized for the determination of aristolochic acid (AA). The detection conditions and detection characters of PPE-OB-PEG were systematically explored in this work. The fluorescence intensity of PPE-OB-PEG changes with the different concentration of AA. PPE-OB-PEG has a good linear range towards AA from 1.00 × 10-7 to 8.00 × 10-5 mol L-1 and the limit of detection (LOD) is 3.00 × 10-8 mol L-1 (S/N = 3). PPE-OB-PEG have been applied to detect AA in traditional Chinese medicine samples and the results are satisfactory. The experimental results show that PPE-OB-PEG can be used as a fluorescence probe for rapid and sensitive detection of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Lin Liu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chun-Ling Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhi-Ru Hu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhi-Quan Zhang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Guo-Dong Feng
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Fang L, Tian M, Row KH, Yan X, Xiao W. Isolation of aristolochic acid I from herbal plant using molecular imprinted polymer composited ionic liquid‐based zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3047-3053. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luwei Fang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringYangtze University Jingzhou Hubei P. R. China
| | - Minglei Tian
- College of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringYangtze University Jingzhou Hubei P. R. China
| | - Kyung Ho Row
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringInha University Incheon Korea
| | - Xuemin Yan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringYangtze University Jingzhou Hubei P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringYangtze University Jingzhou Hubei P. R. China
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12
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Dual ionic liquid-immobilized silicas for multi-phase extraction of aristolochic acid from plants and herbal medicines. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1592:31-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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13
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18β-glycyrrhetyl-3-O-sulfate would be a causative agent of licorice-induced pseudoaldosteronism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1587. [PMID: 30733510 PMCID: PMC6367500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Licorice-induced pseudoaldosteronism is a common adverse effect in traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, and 3-monoglucuronyl glycyrrhetinic acid (3MGA) was considered as a causative agent of it. Previously, we found 22α-hydroxy-18β-glycyrrhetyl-3-O-sulfate-30-glucuronide (1), one of the metabolites of glycyrrhizin (GL) in the urine of Eisai hyperbilirubinuria rats (EHBRs) treated with glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), and suggested that it is also a possible causative agent of pseudoaldosteronism. The discovery of 1 also suggested that there might be other metabolites of GA as causal candidates. In this study, we found 22α-hydroxy-18β-glycyrrhetyl-3-O-sulfate (2) and 18β-glycyrrhetyl-3-O-sulfate (3) in EHBRs’ urine. 2 and 3 more strongly inhibited rat type 2 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase than 1 did in vitro. When EHBRs were orally treated with GA, GA and 1–3 in plasma and 1–3 in urine were detected; the levels of 3MGA were quite low. 2 and 3 were shown to be the substrates of organic anion transporter (OAT) 1 and OAT3. In the plasma of a patient suffering from pseudoaldosteronism with rhabdomyolysis due to licorice, we found 8.6 µM of 3, 1.3 µM of GA, and 87 nM of 2, but 1, GL, and 3MGA were not detected. These findings suggest that 18β-glycyrrhetyl-3-O-sulfate (3) is an alternative causative agent of pseudoaldosteronism, rather than 3MGA and 1.
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Isolation of a novel glycyrrhizin metabolite as a causal candidate compound for pseudoaldosteronism. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15568. [PMID: 30348944 PMCID: PMC6197257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudoaldosteronism is a common adverse effect associated with traditional Japanese Kampo medicines. The pathogenesis is mainly caused by 3-monoglucuronyl glycyrrhetinic acid (3MGA), one of the metabolites of glycyrrhizin (GL) contained in licorice. We developed an anti-3MGA monoclonal antibody (MAb) and an ELISA system to easily detect 3MGA in the plasma and urine of the patients. However, we found that some metabolites of GL cross-reacted with this MAb. Mrp2-deficient Eisai Hyperbilirubinemia rats (EHBRs) were administered glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), and we isolated 22α-hydroxy-18β-glycyrrhetyl-3-O-sulfate-30-glucuronide (1) from the pooled urine with the guidance of positive immunostaining of eastern blot as the new metabolite of GL. The IC50 of 1 for type 2 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD2) was 2.0 µM. Similar plasma concentrations of 1 and GA were observed 12 h after oral administration of GA to EHBR. Compound 1 was eliminated via urine, whereas GA was not. In Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats orally treated with GA, compound 1 was absent from both the plasma and the urine. Compound 1 was actively transported into cells via OAT1 and OAT3, whereas GA was not. Compound 1, when produced in Mrp2-deficiency, represents a potential causative agent of pseudoaldosteronism, and might be used as a biomarker to prevent the adverse effect.
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New Contributions to Asarum Powder on Immunology Related Toxicity Effects in Lung. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:1054032. [PMID: 30245729 PMCID: PMC6139235 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1054032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Asarum is widely used in clinical practice of Chinese medicine in the treatment of respiratory diseases. Many toxic ingredients (safrole, etc.) had been found in Asarum that show multiple visceral toxicities. In this study, we performed systematic investigation of expression profiles of genes to take a new insight into unclear mechanism of Asarum toxicities in lung. Methods. mRNAs were extracted from lungs of rats after intragastric administration with/without Asarum powders, and microarray assays were applied to investigate gene expression profiles. Differentially expressed genes with significance were selected to carry out GO analysis. Subsequently, quantitative PCRs were performed to verify the differential expression of Tmprss6, Prkag3, Nptx2, Antxr11, Klk11, Rag2, Olr77, Cd7, Il20, LOC69, C6, Ccl20, LOC68, and Cd163 in lung. Changes of Ampk, Bcl2, Caspase 3, Il1, Il20, Matriptase2, Nfκb, Nptx2, and Rag2 in the lung on protein level were verified by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results. Compared with control group, the estimated organ coefficients were relatively increased in Asarum group. Results of GO analysis showed that a group of immune related genes in lung were expressed abnormally. The result of PCRs showed that Ccl20 was downregulated rather than other upregulated genes in the Asarum group. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry images showed that Asarum can upregulate the expression of Ampk, Caspase 3, Il1, Il20, Matriptase2, Nfκb, and Rag2 and downregulate the expression of Bcl2 in lung. Conclusion. Our data suggest that expressions of immune related genes in lung were selectively altered by Asarum. Therefore, inflammatory response was active, by regulating Caspase 3, Il1, Il20, Matriptase2, Nfκb, Rag2, Tmprss6, Prkag3, Nptx2, Antxr1, Klk11, Olr77, Cd7, LOC69, C6, LOC68, Cd163, Ampk, Bcl2, and Ccl20. Our study indicated that inflammatory factors take effect in lung toxicity caused by Asarum, which provides a new insight into molecular mechanism of Asarum toxicities in lung.
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Fujii S, Uto T, Nomura S, Shoyama Y. Preparation of Anti-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Monoclonal Antibody for Application in an Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1370598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Fujii
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Management, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Takuhiro Uto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nomura
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Management, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan
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Wu TK, Pan YR, Wang HF, Wei CW, Yu YL. Vitamin E (α‑tocopherol) ameliorates aristolochic acid‑induced renal tubular epithelial cell death by attenuating oxidative stress and caspase‑3 activation. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:31-36. [PMID: 29115579 PMCID: PMC5780138 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acid (AA) is a component identified in traditional Chinese remedies for the treatment of arthritic pain, coughs and gastrointestinal symptoms. However, previous studies have indicated that AA can induce oxidative stress in renal cells leading to nephropathy. α-tocopherol exists in numerous types of food, such as nuts, and belongs to the vitamin E isoform family. It possesses antioxidant activities and has been used previously for clinical applications. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine whether α-tocopherol could reduce AA-induced oxidative stress and renal cell cytotoxicity, determined by cell survival rate, reactive oxygen species detection and apoptotic features. The results indicated that AA markedly induced H2O2 levels and caspase-3 activity in renal tubular epithelial cells. Notably, the presence of α-tocopherol inhibited AA-induced H2O2 and caspase-3 activity. The present study demonstrated that antioxidant mechanisms of α-tocopherol may be involved in the increased survival rates from AA-induced cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Kun Wu
- China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ying-Ru Pan
- Division of Renal Medicine, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsueh-Fang Wang
- Deparment of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chyou-Wei Wei
- Deparment of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Luen Yu
- China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Wang D, Li XW, Wang X, Tan HR, Jia Y, Yang L, Li XM, Shang MY, Xu F, Yang XX, Shoyama Y, Cai SQ. Alpha-Actinin-4 is a Possible Target Protein for Aristolochic Acid I in Human Kidney Cells In Vitro. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:291-304. [PMID: 27080942 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aristolochic acid I (AA-I) is a strong nephrotoxin, carcinogen, and mutagen found in plants such as the Aristolochia species. The mechanisms underlying AA-I toxicity in the kidneys are poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to gain insight into the mechanism of AA-I nephrotoxicity by analyzing the uptake, subcellular distribution, and intracellular targets of AA-I in the human kidney cell line HK-2 using immunocytochemistry, immunoprecipitation, and LC-MS/MS. In HK-2 cells incubated with 20[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL AA-I for different periods of time (up to 12[Formula: see text]h), AA-I was detected by a specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) against AA-I, both in the cytoplasm and nuclei. Nuclear localization depended on the exposure time. A protein with the molecular weight of 100 kDa was immunoprecipitated with the anti-AA-I MAb from the AA-I-treated cell lysates and was identified by LC-MS/MS as [Formula: see text]-actinin-4 after digestion of the protein, and was confirmed by immunoblotting with a specific anti-[Formula: see text]-actinin-4 MAb. This evidence shows, for the first time, that [Formula: see text]-actinin-4 is a protein targeted by AA-I in kidney cells. Our findings strongly suggest an association between [Formula: see text]-actinin-4 and AA-I nephrotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- * State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs.,† Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Wei Li
- * State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs.,† Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Wang
- † Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Huan-Ran Tan
- ‡ Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jia
- § Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- § Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- § Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | | | - Feng Xu
- * State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
| | - Xing-Xin Yang
- * State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- ¶ Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
| | - Shao-Qing Cai
- * State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
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Generation of an anti-Dabigatran Monoclonal Antibody and Its Use in a Highly Sensitive and Specific Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Serum Dabigatran. Ther Drug Monit 2016; 37:594-9. [PMID: 25565675 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dabigatran (DT) is a direct thrombin inhibitor used to prevent venous and arterial thromboembolism due to atrial fibrillation. DT is the active form of the commercially available prodrug DT etexilate. Although DT has many clinical advantages over warfarin, it increases the incidence of bleeding in patients with renal dysfunction. Circulating levels of DT are increased in such patients because it is mainly eliminated by renal excretion. Therapeutic drug monitoring may therefore help to prevent adverse DT effects, but no method for measuring circulating DT levels has been reported, except for an analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. This study sought to develop a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure DT concentrations. METHODS Mice were immunized with a DT-keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate to generate an anti-DT antibody. Immunized mouse splenocytes and myeloma cells (SP2/0) were fused to obtain an anti-DT monoclonal antibody (DT-mAb). DT-mAb and DT solutions were added to microplate wells coated with a DT-human serum albumin conjugate. DT concentrations were determined based on the principles of ELISA. RESULTS DT-mAb was successfully purified from a hybridoma, and the competitive ELISA developed using this DT-mAb could evaluate DT concentrations ranging from 7.8 to 125 ng/mL. The ELISA signal was not linear using DT-spiked serum; however, it was linear when serum ultrafiltrate was used. Weak cross-reactivity with DT etexilate was detected, but no cross-reactivity was observed with other structurally related drugs or drugs commonly used for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSIONS The developed competitive ELISA is a valuable and specific tool to analyze free DT in serum ultrafiltrate for therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies.
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Fujii S, Morinaga O, Uto T, Nomura S, Shoyama Y. Development of Double Eastern Blotting for Major Licorice Components, Glycyrrhizin and Liquiritin for Chemical Quality Control of Licorice Using anti-Glycyrrhizin and anti-Liquiritin Monoclonal Antibodies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1087-1093. [PMID: 26765784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Licorice is utilized in various food industries around the world for seasoning agents, confectioneries, drinks, and functional foods. Glycyrrhizin (GL) and liquiritin (Liq) are major quality control chemical markers of licorice that have multifunctional bioactivities. Chemical quality control of licorice is important because its component profiles change depending environmental factors (climate, soil condition, and water deficit) and differences between species. Double eastern blotting using anti-GL and anti-Liq monoclonal antibodies was developed for more convenient, rapid, and specific quality control analysis of GL and Liq, respectively. Moreover, double eastern blotting was applied to investigate the immunohistochemical distributions of GL and Liq in the root of fresh licorice; the localization of both components was then clarified visually. This double eastern blotting technique for GL and Liq may serve as a powerful approach for visually determining the chemical quality of licorice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Fujii
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Management, Nagasaki International University , 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, 859-3298 Japan
| | - Osamu Morinaga
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University , 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, 859-3298 Japan
| | - Takuhiro Uto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University , 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, 859-3298 Japan
| | - Shuichi Nomura
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Management, Nagasaki International University , 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, 859-3298 Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University , 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, 859-3298 Japan
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Wu TK, Wei CW, Pan YR, Cherng SH, Chang WJ, Wang HF, Yu YL. Vitamin C attenuates the toxic effect of aristolochic acid on renal tubular cells via decreasing oxidative stress‑mediated cell death pathways. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6086-92. [PMID: 26239057 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acid (AA) is a component of Chinese medicinal herbs, including asarum and aristolochia and has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for a long time. Recent studies found that AA has a cytotoxic effect resulting in nephropathy. These studies indicated that AA‑induced cytotoxicity is associated with increases in oxidative stress and caspase‑3 activation. The present study further demonstrated that AA mainly elevates the H2O2 ratio, leading to increases in oxidative stress. Furthermore, the results indicated that AA induces cell death can via caspase‑dependent and ‑independent pathways. It is desirable to identify means of inhibiting AA‑induced renal damage; therefore, the present study applied an anti‑oxidative nutrient, vitamin C, to test whether it can be employed to reduce AA‑induced cell cytotoxicity. The results showed that vitamin C decreased AA‑induced H2O2 levels, caspase‑3 activity and cytotoxicity in renal tubular cells. In conclusion, the present study was the first to demonstrate that AA‑induced increases of the H2O2 ratio resulted in renal tubular cell death via caspase‑dependent and ‑independent pathways, and that vitamin C can decrease AA‑induced increases in H2O2 levels and caspase‑3 activity to attenuate AA‑induced cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Kun Wu
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chyou-Wei Wei
- Deparment of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ying-Ru Pan
- Deparment of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shur-Hueih Cherng
- Deparment of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Jung Chang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsueh-Fang Wang
- Deparment of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Luen Yu
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Sinn BT, Kelly LM, Freudenstein JV. Phylogenetic relationships in Asarum: Effect of data partitioning and a revised classification. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2015; 102:765-79. [PMID: 26022490 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Generic boundaries and infrageneric relationships among the charismatic temperate magnoliid Asarum sensu lato (Aristolochiaceae) have long been uncertain. Previous molecular phylogenetic analyses used either plastid or nuclear loci alone and varied greatly in their taxonomic implications for the genus. We analyzed additional molecular markers from the nuclear and plastid genomes, reevaluated the possibility of a derived loss of autonomous self-pollination, and investigated the topological effects of matrix-partitioning-scheme choice. METHODS We sequenced seven plastid regions and the nuclear ITS1-ITS2 region of 58 individuals representing all previously recognized Asarum s.l. segregate genera and the monotypic genus Saruma. Matrices were partitioned using common a priori partitioning schemes and PartitionFinder. KEY RESULTS Topologies that were recovered using a priori partitioning of matrices differed from those recovered using a PartitionFinder-selected scheme, and by analysis method. We recovered six monophyletic groups that we circumscribed into three subgenera and six sections. Putative fungal mimic characters served as synapomorphies only for subgenus Heterotropa. Subgenus Geotaenium, a new subgenus, was recovered as sister to the remainder of Asarum by ML analyses of highly partitioned datasets. Section Longistylis, also newly named, is sister to section Hexastylis. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses do not unambiguously support a single origin for all fungal-mimicry characters. Topologies recovered through the analysis of PartitionFinder-optimized matrices can differ drastically from those inferred from a priori partitioned matrices, and by analytical method. We recommend that investigators evaluate the topological effects of matrix partitioning using multiple methods of phylogenetic reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon T Sinn
- The Ohio State University Museum of Biological Diversity, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, Ohio 43212 USA
| | - Lawrence M Kelly
- The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York 10458-5126 USA
| | - John V Freudenstein
- The Ohio State University Museum of Biological Diversity, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, Ohio 43212 USA
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Li XW, Yokota S, Wang D, Wang X, Shoyama Y, Cai SQ. Localization of Aristolochic Acid in Mouse Kidney Tissues by Immunohistochemistry Using an Anti-AA-I and AA-II Monoclonal Antibody. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:1453-69. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aristolochic acids (AAs) are found in herbal medicines of Aristolochiaceae plants, including Aristolochia and Asarum species. AAs are associated with a rapidly progressive interstitial nephritis, which is called aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). However, the in-situ localization of AAs in the target organ, the kidney, has not been investigated yet. In the present study, the accumulation of aristolochic acid I (AA-I) in mouse kidney was revealed by immunoperoxidase light microscopy as well as colloidal gold immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) based on an anti-AA-I and AA-II monoclonal antibody (mAb). Male BALB/c mice were treated with 1.25 or 2.50 mg kg-1 of AA-I per day for 5 days. Paraffin sections and ultra-thin sections of kidney tissue were respectively prepared. Under light microscopy, the apical surface of proximal tubules was strongly stained for AA-I, whereas no obvious immunostaining was found in the distal tubules and glomerulus, which remained relatively intact. Under electron microscopy, epithelial cells of the proximal tubules, distal tubules and collecting tubules were broken to various degrees. Gold labeling in the proximal and distal tubules was stronger than that in the collecting tubules. In renal tubules, immunogold signals of AA-I tended to accumulate in the mitochondria and peroxisomes, though the signals could be observed all over the cell. Gold signals were also found in the erythrocytes of glomeruli. The MAb against AA-I and AA-II provides a clue for the identification of proteins or factors which might interact with AA-I and thus induce targeted damage of kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Sadaki Yokota
- Section of Functional Morphology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
| | - Shao-Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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Screening of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC. containing high concentrations of glycyrrhizin by Eastern blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using anti-glycyrrhizin monoclonal antibody for selective breeding of licorice. J Nat Med 2014; 68:717-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-014-0847-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Standardization of Licorice and TCM Formulations Using Eastern Blot Fingerprinting Analysis. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/573070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To prepare the antiglycyrrhizin (GC) monoclonal antibody (MAb), GC was treated with NaIO4resulting in aldehyde which can be combined with carrier protein. An antigen conjugate was performed by a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization TOF mass spectrometry to determine the hapten numbers in the conjugate. Anti-GC MAb was prepared from a hybridoma which was fixed from the spleen cells producing anti-GC MAb and the myeloma cells after immunization. The TCM and licorice extract were developed by TLC and blotted to a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane. The membrane was treated by NaIO4and protein, enzyme labeled secondary MAb, and finally substrate was added. Clear spot appeared on PVDF membrane identifying GC against a background containing large amount of impurities. In eastern blotting, the GC molecule was divided into two functions. The aglycone part is recognized as an epitope and the sugar moiety can be combined to membrane. The specific reactivity of sugar moiety in the GC molecule against anti-GC MAb might be modified by the NaIO4treatment on the membrane because glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-glucuronide can be stained although the cross-reactivity is only 4.3%. Eastern blotting for GC can not only apply for the standardization of licorice and TCM, but also it can open for the other bioactive products.
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