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Chen HC, You RI, Lin FM, Lin GL, Ho TJ, Chen HP. Novel therapeutic activities of dragon blood from palm tree Daemonorops draco for the treatment of chronic diabetic wounds. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2024; 65:14. [PMID: 38842634 PMCID: PMC11156816 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-024-00422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical efficacy of Jinchuang Ointment, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), in treating chronic non-healing diabetic wounds has been demonstrated over the past decades. Both in vitro and in vivo angiogenic activities have been reported for its herbal ingredients, including dragon blood from the palm tree Daemonorops draco and catechu from Uncaria gambir Roxb. Additionally, crude extracts of dragon blood have exhibited hypoglycemic effects not only in animal studies but also in cell-based in vitro assays. RESULTS Our findings indicate that crude dragon blood extract promotes the differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes. Partially purified fractions of dragon blood crude extract significantly enhance the expression of muscle cell differentiation-related genes such as myoG, myoD, and myoHC. Our results also demonstrate that crude extracts of dragon blood can inhibit platelet-derived growth factor-induced PAI-1 expression in primary rat vascular smooth muscle cells, thereby favoring changes in hemostasis towards fibrinolysis. Consistent with previous reports, reduced expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) accelerates wound healing. However, further separation resulted in a significant loss of both activities, indicating the involvement of more than one compound in these processes. Stem cells play a crucial role in muscle injury repair. Neither dragon blood nor catechu alone stimulated the proliferation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-immortalized and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Interestingly, the proliferation of both types of stem cells was observed when crude extracts of dragon blood and catechu were present together in the stem cell growth medium. CONCLUSIONS Dragon blood from D. draco offers multifaceted therapeutic benefits for treating chronic nonhealing diabetic wounds from various perspectives. Most drugs in Western medicine consist of small molecules with defined ingredients. However, this is not the case in TCM, as the activities of dragon blood reported in this study. Surprisingly, the activities documented here align with descriptions in ancient Chinese medical texts dating back to A.D. 1625.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Chi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970374, Taiwan
| | - Ren-In You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970374, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Mei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, 701, Sec 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien City, 970374, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ling Lin
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, 707, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien, 970473, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, 707, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien, 970473, Taiwan.
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970374, Taiwan.
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, 970473, Taiwan.
| | - Hao-Ping Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, 701, Sec 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien City, 970374, Taiwan.
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, 707, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien, 970473, Taiwan.
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Ching YH, Lin FM, Chen HC, Hsu CY, P'ng SY, Lin TN, Wang YC, Lin CJ, Chen YC, Ho TJ, Chen HP. Hypoglycemic effects of dracorhodin and dragon blood crude extract from Daemonorops draco. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2024; 65:8. [PMID: 38446324 PMCID: PMC10917723 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-024-00415-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dragon blood is a red fruit resin from the palm tree Daemonorops draco and is a herbal ingredient used in the traditional Chinese medicine, "Jinchuang Ointment," which is used to treat non-healing diabetic wounds. According to the Taiwan Herbal Pharmacopeia, the dracorhodin content in dragon blood should exceed 1.0%. RESULTS Our findings indicate that dracorhodin and dragon blood crude extracts can stimulate glucose uptake in mouse muscle cells (C2C12) and primary rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RSMC). Dracorhodin is not the only active compound in dragon blood crude extracts from D. draco. Next, we orally administered crude dragon blood extracts to male B6 mice. The experimental group displayed a decreasing trend in fasting blood glucose levels from the second to tenth week. In summary, crude extracts of dragon blood from D. draco demonstrated in vivo hypoglycemic effects in B6 male mice. CONCLUSIONS We provide a scientific basis "Jinchuang ointment" in treating non-healing wounds in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Hao Ching
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi Hospital, 970374, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Mei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, 701, Sec 3, Zhongyang Road, 970374, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tzu Chi University, 970374, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yun Hsu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi Hospital, 970374, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Sze Yen P'ng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi Hospital, 970374, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tai-No Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi Hospital, 970374, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi Hospital, 970374, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Jun Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi Hospital, 970374, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, 701, Sec 3, Zhongyang Road, 970374, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, 970374, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, 970374, Hualien, Taiwan
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, 970473, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ping Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, 701, Sec 3, Zhongyang Road, 970374, Hualien, Taiwan.
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, 970473, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Darwish SF, Elbadry AMM, Elbokhomy AS, Salama GA, Salama RM. The dual face of microglia (M1/M2) as a potential target in the protective effect of nutraceuticals against neurodegenerative diseases. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1231706. [PMID: 37744008 PMCID: PMC10513083 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1231706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of different neurodegenerative illnesses is significantly influenced by the polarization regulation of microglia and macrophages. Traditional classifications of macrophage phenotypes include the pro-inflammatory M1 and the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. Numerous studies demonstrated dynamic non-coding RNA modifications, which are catalyzed by microglia-induced neuroinflammation. Different nutraceuticals focus on the polarization of M1/M2 phenotypes of microglia and macrophages, offering a potent defense against neurodegeneration. Caeminaxin A, curcumin, aromatic-turmerone, myricetin, aurantiamide, 3,6'-disinapoylsucrose, and resveratrol reduced M1 microglial inflammatory markers while increased M2 indicators in Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid beta-induced microglial M1 activation was suppressed by andrographolide, sulforaphane, triptolide, xanthoceraside, piperlongumine, and novel plant extracts which also prevented microglia-mediated necroptosis and apoptosis. Asarone, galangin, baicalein, and a-mangostin reduced oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in M1-activated microglia in Parkinson's disease. Additionally, myrcene, icariin, and tenuigenin prevented the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome and microglial neurotoxicity, while a-cyperone, citronellol, nobiletin, and taurine prevented NADPH oxidase 2 and nuclear factor kappa B activation. Furthermore, other nutraceuticals like plantamajoside, swertiamarin, urolithin A, kurarinone, Daphne genkwa flower, and Boswellia serrata extracts showed promising neuroprotection in treating Parkinson's disease. In Huntington's disease, elderberry, curcumin, iresine celosia, Schisandra chinensis, gintonin, and pomiferin showed promising results against microglial activation and improved patient symptoms. Meanwhile, linolenic acid, resveratrol, Huperzia serrata, icariin, and baicalein protected against activated macrophages and microglia in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Additionally, emodin, esters of gallic and rosmarinic acids, Agathisflavone, and sinomenine offered promising multiple sclerosis treatments. This review highlights the therapeutic potential of using nutraceuticals to treat neurodegenerative diseases involving microglial-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar F. Darwish
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdullah M. M. Elbadry
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Egypt
| | | | - Ghidaa A. Salama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M. Salama
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wu JY, Ding HY, Wang TY, Cai CZ, Chang TS. Enzymatically Biotransformed Compounds via a Predicted Data Mining Approach: Two Novel Flavonoids, 3’-Hydroxyloureirin A and 3’-Hydroxyloureirin B, Converted from Dragon’s Blood, the Chinese Medicine Extract with Potent Antioxidant and Anti-α-Glucosidase Activities. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Ho TJ, Tsai PH, Hsieh CH, Lin JH, Lin YW, Wu JR, Chen HP. Role of Herbal Extracts of Catechu from Uncaria gambir in the Treatment of Chronic Diabetic Wounds. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010066. [PMID: 36678562 PMCID: PMC9863412 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Catechu is a dried decoction from twigs with the leaves of Uncaria gambir. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities have been previously reported because of its high catechin and epicatechin content (>21%). It is also one of the components used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine, “Jinchuang Ointment,” which has excellent efficacy in treating chronic diabetic wounds. An in vivo zebrafish embryo platform and an in vitro cell-based tube formation assay were used to measure the angiogenic activity of catechu extracts. Interestingly, for the first time, catechu extracts stimulated angiogenic activity on both platforms. The expression of the IL-8 gene was induced in HMEC1 cells after treatment with catechu extracts for 1 h only. In contrast, the upregulation of FGFR2, FGFR3, NF-κB, STAT3, and vimentin persisted for 24 h. A summary of the possible mechanisms underlying the angiogenic activity of catechu extracts in HMEC1 cells is shown. Unexpectedly, catechu extracts inhibited the migration of HaCaT cells. These results can account for the intense blood flow flux in porcine excisional wound sites in our previous studies, which provides insights into the therapeutic activity of catechu extract in chronic diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Jung Ho
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ho Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hsing Lin
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ru Wu
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-R.W.); (H.-P.C.); Tel.: +886-3-8561825 (ext. 17409) (J.-R.W.); +886-3-8565301 (ext. 2433) (H.-P.C.)
| | - Hao-Ping Chen
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-R.W.); (H.-P.C.); Tel.: +886-3-8561825 (ext. 17409) (J.-R.W.); +886-3-8565301 (ext. 2433) (H.-P.C.)
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Raslan MA, Afifi AH. In vitro wound healing properties, antioxidant activities, HPLC-ESI-MS/MS profile and phytoconstituents of the stem aqueous methanolic extract of Dracaena reflexa Lam. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5352. [PMID: 35122279 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Column chromatography of the stem aqueous methanolic extract of Dracaena reflexa Lam. (DRSE) led to the isolation of five flavonoids, one phenolic glycoside, one triterpenoid, and two steroidal saponins. Furthermore, forty-four compounds were tentatively identified in the phytoconstituents profile of DRSE using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The antioxidant activity of DRSE was evaluated. In DPPH radical scavenging assay, DRSE exhibited IC50 value 311.6 ± 10.10 μg/mL compared to IC50 value of the standard Trolox (24.42 ± 0.87 μg/mL). The antioxidant activities of DRSE using ABTS assay and FRAP assay were 326.63 μM TE/mg extract and 208.67 μM TE/mg extract, respectively. The wound healing activity of DRSE was studied by the scratch assay using HSF (Human Skin Fibroblast) cells. After 24 hrs. DRSE (at 10 and 20 μg/mL) decreased the wound width to 0.55 ± 0.37 and 0.47 ± 0.55 mm, respectively, compared to the wound width in the control cells (0.77 ± 0.17 mm). This result suggested that DRSE improved the wound healing process by inducing the migration of fibroblasts. Moreover, a docking study was performed to evaluate the binding affinity of the identified phytoconstituents toward GSK-3β relative to the co-crystalized inhibitor and curcumin with the possible involvement of this pathway in the wound healing activity of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A Raslan
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Afifi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Dracaena cinnabari Resin. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8561696. [PMID: 34337055 PMCID: PMC8324360 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8561696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dracaena cinnabari (D. cinnabari) is an endemic plant located in Socotra Island, Yemen. Deep red resin attained from different plant species including D. cinnabari is commonly known as dragon's blood. In folk medicine, it is prescribed for the treatment of traumatic dermal, dental, and eye injuries as well as blood stasis, pain, and gastrointestinal diseases in humans. Numerous studies have investigated that this resinous medicine has antidiarrheal, antiulcer, antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, wound healing, and antioxidant activity. Several phytochemicals have been isolated from D. cinnabari, including the biflavonoid cinnabarone, triflavonoids, metacyclophanes, chalcones, chalcanes, dihydrochalcones, sterols, and terpenoids. The present review highlights the structures and bioactivities of main phytochemicals isolated from D. cinnabari regarding the botany and pharmacological effects of the resin derived from this plant.
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Lu CC, Yang JS, Chiu YJ, Tsai FJ, Hsu YM, Yin MC, Juan YN, Ho TJ, Chen HP. Dracorhodin perchlorate enhances wound healing via β-catenin, ERK/p38, and AKT signaling in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:822. [PMID: 34131445 PMCID: PMC8193218 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dracorhodin can be isolated from the exudates of the fruit of Daemonorops draco. Previous studies suggested that dracorhodin perchlorate can promote fibroblast proliferation and enhance angiogenesis during wound healing. In the present study, the potential bioactivity of dracorhodin perchlorate in human HaCaT keratinocytes, were investigated in vitro, with specific focus on HaCaT wound healing. The results of in vitro scratch assay demonstrated the progressive closure of the wound after treatment with dracorhodin perchlorate in a time-dependent manner. An MTT assay and propidium iodide exclusion detected using flow cytometry were used to detect cell viability of HaCaT cells. Potential signaling pathways underlying the effects mediated by dracorhodin perchlorate in HaCaT cells were clarified by western blot analysis and kinase activity assays. Dracorhodin perchlorate significantly increased the protein expression levels of β-catenin and activation of AKT, ERK and p38 in HaCaT cells. In addition, dracorhodin perchlorate did not induce HaCaT cell proliferation but promoted cell migration. Other mechanisms may yet be involved in the dracorhodin perchlorate-induced wound healing process of human keratinocytes. In summary, dracorhodin perchlorate may serve to be a potential molecularly-targeted phytochemical that can improve skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Sport Performance, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 40404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Jen Chiu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei-Chin Yin
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ning Juan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yulin 65152, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hao-Ping Chen
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Lai SC, You RI, Chen TT, Chang Y, Liu CZ, Chen HP, Wu C. Rapid Identification of Commercial Frankincense Products by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:895-905. [PMID: 33645476 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210301092111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frankincense is a resin secreted by the Boswellia tree. It is used in perfumery, aromatherapy, skincare, and traditional Chinese medicine. However, all Boswellia species are under threat owing to habitat loss and overexploitation. As a result, the market is getting flooded with counterfeit frankincense products. OBJECTIVE This study aims to establish a high-throughput method to screen and identify the authenticity of commercial frankincense products. We report, for the first time, a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based method for rapid and high-throughput screening of frankincense samples. METHODS MALDI-TOF MS, HPLC, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity assay were used to examine the frankincense samples. RESULTS Well-resolved peaks of frankincense triterpenoids in the spectra were observed in the crude extract of commercial samples, including α-boswellic acids (αBAs), β-boswellic acids (βBAs), 11-keto-β-boswellic acids (KBAs), acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acids (AKBAs), and their esters. These compounds can be used as indicators for determining the authenticity of frankincense. CONCLUSION Unlike LC-MS, which is a time-consuming and expensive method, and TLC, which requires a reference sample, our inexpensive, rapid high-throughput identification method based on MALDI-TOF MS is ideal for large-scale screening of frankincense samples sold in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Chih Lai
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine,Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004. Taiwan
| | - Ren-In You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004. Taiwan
| | - Tz-Ting Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui, New Taipei City 25137. Taiwan
| | - Yu Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004. Taiwan
| | - Chao-Zong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004. Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ping Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004. Taiwan
| | - Chunhung Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui, New Taipei City 25137. Taiwan
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Thu ZM, Myo KK, Aung HT, Armijos C, Vidari G. Flavonoids and Stilbenoids of the Genera Dracaena and Sansevieria: Structures and Bioactivities. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112608. [PMID: 32503357 PMCID: PMC7321247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genera Dracaena and Sansevieria (Asparagaceae, Nolinoideae) are still poorly resolved phylogenetically. Plants of these genera are commonly distributed in Africa, China, Southeast Asia, and America. Most of them are cultivated for ornamental and medicinal purposes and are used in various traditional medicines due to the wide range of ethnopharmacological properties. Extensive in vivo and in vitro tests have been carried out to prove the ethnopharmacological claims and other bioactivities. These investigations have been accompanied by the isolation and identification of hundreds of phytochemical constituents. The most characteristic metabolites are steroids, flavonoids, stilbenes, and saponins; many of them exhibit potent analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and cytotoxic activities. This review highlights the structures and bioactivities of flavonoids and stilbenoids isolated from Dracaena and Sansevieria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaw Min Thu
- Department of Chemistry, Kalay University, Kalay 03044, Sagaing Region, Myanmar;
- Correspondence: (Z.M.T.); (C.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Ko Ko Myo
- Department of Chemistry, Kalay University, Kalay 03044, Sagaing Region, Myanmar;
| | - Hnin Thanda Aung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mandalay, Mandalay 100103, Myanmar;
| | - Chabaco Armijos
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
- Correspondence: (Z.M.T.); (C.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Giovanni Vidari
- Medical Analysis Department, Faculty of Science, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq
- Correspondence: (Z.M.T.); (C.A.); (G.V.)
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Ho TJ, Chen JK, Li TS, Lin JH, Hsu YH, Wu JR, Tsai WT, Chen HP. The curative effects of the traditional Chinese herbal medicine "Jinchuang ointment" on excisional wounds. Chin Med 2020; 15:41. [PMID: 32377230 PMCID: PMC7195791 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND "Jinchuang ointment" is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for external incised wounds. This herbal medicine has been successfully used to treat patients with diabetic foot ulcers and pressure sores in Taiwan for several decades. We previously examined its biological activities on cell-based in vitro assay platforms. Because some patients refused to use animal-derived ingredients ointment during our clinical practice, the efficacy of plant oil-based reconstituted "Jinchuang ointment" was also investigated. METHODS A porcine excisional wound model was established and used to evaluate its efficacy in vivo in this study. Besides, an unusual clinical case is also present. RESULTS As judged from the wound appearance of animal studies on day 14 and the results of blood flow flux at the wound sites on day 28, "Jinchuang ointment" accelerated wound closure significantly better than the control group. CONCLUSIONS The results from clinical treatment, histopathological evaluation, and the animal study showed that "Jinchung ointment" promotes wound healing significantly better than the control group. Also, sesame oil-reconstituted ointment can be a choice for patients who refuse to use lard-containing ointment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Jung Ho
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, 97002 Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, 97002 Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004 Taiwan
| | - Jhong-Kuei Chen
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, 97002 Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, 97002 Taiwan
| | - Tzong Shiun Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua County, 50008 Taiwan
- Innovation Research Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua County, 50008 Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hsing Lin
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, 97002 Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, 701, Sec 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien, 97004 Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Hsu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004 Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, 97002 Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ru Wu
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, 97002 Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Tsai
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, 97002 Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ping Chen
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, 97002 Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, 701, Sec 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien, 97004 Taiwan
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Wang YY, Dai YW, Cao J, Chen YT, Zhao CX, Jiang L. Eight new flavonoids from the fruits of Daemonorops draco. Fitoterapia 2020; 143:104549. [PMID: 32173420 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Eight new flavonoids daemoflavans A-H, including two dimeric proanthocyanidins (1 and 2), four flavans (3-6), two 2-arylbenzofurans (7 and 8), along with nine known compounds (9-17), were isolated from the fruit of Daemonorops draco. Their structures, including the absolute configurations, were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data, ECD analysis, and X-ray crystal diffraction. Besides, the X-ray crystal data of a known compound dracoflavan B1 (9) was firstly reported. Daemoflavan G (7) represents a rare example of C-5 methylated 2-arylbenzofuran in natural products. Among the known compounds, 15, 16, 17 were reported from this species for the first time. All the compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against HepG2 cell line. Among them, compounds 1, 9 and 10 exhibited modest cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 12.4, 12.0 and 13.2 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ye Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu-Wei Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jie Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu-Ting Chen
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chu-Xing Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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