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Huang H, Huang S, Li C, Zhang C, Wang R, Wei L, Wu J, Mo P, Li Z, Li S, Chen J. Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen formula ameliorates renal fibrosis-induced anemia in rats with chronic kidney disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024:118607. [PMID: 39069029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen (JPYS) formula is an effective herbal therapy against renal injury, and JPYS has been clinically applied to ameliorate chronic kidney disease (CKD) and CKD-associated anemia. Increasing evidence supports the link between renal fibrosis and anemia in CKD. JPYS possessed anti-fibrosis effects in experimental CKD. Nevertheless, research on the mechanisms of JPYS in ameliorating renal anemia (RA) through suppressing renal fibrosis remains to be clarified. AIM OF THE STUDY Our study here was carried out to investigate the mechanisms of JPYS in protecting against RA. MATERIALS AND METHODS An adenine-induced anemia model in rats with CKD at three different time points was established, and bio-samples taken from each group were analyzed. Biochemical analysis was employed to detect kidney function and hematological parameters. Masson staining was used to evaluate renal fibrosis of rats. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were utilized to evaluate the expressions of fibrotic markers, erythropoietin (EPO) and hypoxia inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) in the kidneys of rats. Subsequently, transcriptomic analysis was conducted to disclose the possible mechanisms of JPYS in treating RA. Finally, the expression levels of key targets were analyzed and validated by using western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS JPYS treatment improved kidney function, suppressed renal fibrosis and enhanced hematological parameters in CKD rats. Moreover, JPYS treatment restored the increased expression levels of fibrotic markers and the declined EPO with time dependence. In parallel, data indicated JPYS treatment stimulated the translocation of HIF-2α into nucleus in the renal interstitium and thus promoted the expression of EPO. Transcriptomic profiling disclosed that activations of both nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad pathways were closely associated with RA. Ultimately, experimental validation results presented that the increased expressions of target proteins from the above-mentioned two pathways in the kidneys were decreased significantly after JPYS treatment. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that JPYS may improve RA by alleviating renal fibrosis, and the mechanisms of which involve in inhibiting the NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipiao Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Shiying Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Changhui Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Lifang Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Jinru Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Pingli Mo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Zhonggui Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Shunmin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China.
| | - Jianping Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China.
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Tong Q, Chang Y, Shang G, Yin J, Zhou X, Wang S, Yan X, Zhang F, Wang S, Yao W. Integrated chemical characterization, metabolite profiling, and pharmacokinetics analysis of Zhijun Tangshen Decoction by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1363678. [PMID: 38523634 PMCID: PMC10957775 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1363678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide and a major public issue affecting the health of people. Therefore, it is essential to explore effective drugs for the treatment of DN. In this study, the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, Zhijun Tangshen Decoction (ZJTSD), a prescription modified from the classical formula Didang Decoction, has been used in the clinical treatment of DN. However, the chemical basis underlying the therapeutic effects of ZJTSD in treating DN remains unknown. In this study, compounds of ZJTSD and serum after oral administration in rats were identified and analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS). Meanwhile, a semi-quantitative approach was used to analyze the dynamic changes in the compounds of ZJTSD in vivo. UPLC-Q/TOF-MS analysis identified 190 compounds from ZJTSD, including flavonoids, anthraquinones, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, and other categories. A total of 156 xenobiotics and metabolites, i.e., 51 prototype compounds and 105 metabolites, were identified from the compounds absorbed into the blood of rats treated with ZJTSD. The results further showed that 23 substances with high relative content, long retention time, and favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics in vivo deserved further investigations and validations of bioactivities. In conclusion, this study revealed the chemical basis underlying the complexity of ZJTSD and investigated the metabolite profiling and pharmacokinetics of ZJTSD-related xenobiotics in rats, thus providing a foundation for further investigation into the pharmacodynamic substance basis and metabolic regulations of ZJTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingheng Tong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueyue Chang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanxiong Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiu Yin
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Suwei Wang
- Huai’an TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Huai’an, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yan
- Huai’an TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Huai’an, China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- Huai’an TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Huai’an, China
| | - Suqin Wang
- Huai’an TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Huai’an, China
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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3
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She M, Huang M, Zhang J, Yan Y, Zhou L, Zhang M, Yang Y, Wang D. Astragulus embranaceus (Fisch.) Bge-Dioscorea opposita Thunb herb pair ameliorates sarcopenia in senile type 2 diabetes mellitus through Rab5a/mTOR-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116737. [PMID: 37295571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The combination of Astragulus embranaceus (Fisch.) Bge (Huangqi) and Dioscorea opposita Thunb (Shanyao) are one of the most widely accepted herb pairs in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for treating sarcopenia. However, the mechanisms underlying the combination of these herbs for anti-sarcopenia treatment are not yet fully understood. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the potential effect of the Astragulus embranaceus (Fisch.) Bge and Dioscorea opposita Thunb herb pair (Ast-Dio) on sarcopenia in mice that have been induced with senile type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as to explore the underlying mechanisms related to the Rab5a/mTOR signaling pathway and mitochondrial quality control. MATERIALS AND METHODS Network pharmacology was utilized to identify the main active ingredients of Ast-Dio and potential therapeutic targets for sarcopenia. Gene Ontology function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms of Ast-Dio in treating sarcopenia. The high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry was developed to quantify the major constituents of Ast-Dio. Male C57/BL6 mice, aged 12 months, induced with type 2 diabetes mellitus via streptozotocin were divided into three groups for 8 weeks: the model group, Ast-Dio treatment group (7.8 g/kg), and metformin treatment group (100 mg/kg). Normal control groups included mice aged 3 and 12 months, respectively. The study monitored changes in fasting blood glucose levels, grip strength, and body weight during 8 weeks of intragastric administration. Liver and kidney function in mice was evaluated by measuring the levels of serum creatinine, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase. Skeletal muscle mass condition was evaluated by muscle weight, and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Protein and mRNA expressions related to muscle atrophy, mitochondrial quality control, and the Rab5a/mTOR signaling pathway were detected using immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, transmission electron microscopy was employed to investigate the condition of mitochondria in the groups. RESULTS Through the prediction analysis of network pharmacology, we identified mTOR as one of the primary targets for Ast-Dio therapy of sarcopenia. Gene Ontology functional enrichment analysis revealed that mitochondrial control quality is crucial in the treatment of sarcopenia with Ast-Dio. Our findings showed that senile type 2 diabetes mellitus induced muscle mass loss and a reduction in grip strength, both of which were dramatically restored by Ast-Dio treatment. Notably, Ast-Dio increased Myogenin expression while decreasing Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 expression. Additionally, Ast-Dio activated Rab5a/mTOR and its downstream effector AMPK. Moreover, Ast-Dio modulated mitochondrial quality control by decreasing Mitofusin-2 expression while increasing the expression of TFAM, PGC-1α, and MFF. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Ast-Dio treatment may alleviate sarcopenia in mice with senile type 2 diabetes mellitus through its effects on the Rab5a/mTOR pathway and mitochondrial quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling She
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1333, Xinhu Road, Bao 'an District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1023-1063, Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Minna Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1333, Xinhu Road, Bao 'an District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1023-1063, Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1333, Xinhu Road, Bao 'an District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1333, Xinhu Road, Bao 'an District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1023-1063, Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Lingli Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, No. 1023-1063, Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1333, Xinhu Road, Bao 'an District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1023-1063, Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China.
| | - Yajun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for R&D of Natural Drug, Guangdong Medical University, No. 2, Wenming East Road, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, 524000, China.
| | - Dongtao Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1333, Xinhu Road, Bao 'an District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1023-1063, Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China.
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Li MY, Li Y, Wang LL, Xu F, Guo XY, Zhang J, Lv Y, Wang PP, Wang SQ, Min JG, Zou X, Cai SQ. Chemical profiling of Sanjin tablets and exploration of their effective substances and mechanism in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Front Chem 2023; 11:1179956. [PMID: 37408563 PMCID: PMC10318440 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1179956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sanjin tablets (SJT) are a well-known Chinese patent drug that have been used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs) for the last 40 years. The drug consists of five herbs, but only 32 compounds have been identified, which hinders the clarification of its effective substances and mechanism. Methods: The chemical constituents of SJT and their effective substances and functional mechanism involved in the treatment of UTIs were investigated by using high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-ion trap-time of flight-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-IT-TOF-MSn), network pharmacology, and molecular docking. Results: A total of 196 compounds of SJT (SJT-MS) were identified, and 44 of them were unequivocally identified by comparison with the reference compounds. Among 196 compounds, 13 were potential new compounds and 183 were known compounds. Among the 183 known compounds, 169 were newly discovered constituents of SJT, and 93 compounds were not reported in the five constituent herbs. Through the network pharmacology method, 119 targets related to UTIs of 183 known compounds were predicted, and 20 core targets were screened out. Based on the "compound-target" relationship analysis, 94 compounds were found to act on the 20 core targets and were therefore regarded as potential effective compounds. According to the literature, 27 of the 183 known compounds were found to possess antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities and were verified as effective substances, of which 20 were first discovered in SJT. Twelve of the 27 effective substances overlapped with the 94 potential effective compounds and were determined as key effective substances of SJT. The molecular docking results showed that the 12 key effective substances and 10 selected targets of the core targets have good affinity for each other. Discussion: These results provide a solid foundation for understanding the effective substances and mechanism of SJT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Yan Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Pu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shun-Qi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Guo Min
- Guilin Sanjin Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Guilin, China
| | - Xun Zou
- Guilin Sanjin Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Guilin, China
| | - Shao-Qing Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Okhlopkova ZM, Razgonova MP, Rozhina ZG, Egorova PS, Golokhvast KS. Dracocephalum jacutense Peschkova from Yakutia: Extraction and Mass Spectrometric Characterization of 128 Chemical Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114402. [PMID: 37298879 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dracocephalum jacutense Peschkova is a rare and endangered species of the genus Dracocephalum of the Lamiaceae family. The species was first described in 1997 and listed in the Red Data Book of Yakutia. Significant differences in the multicomponent composition of extracts from D. jacutense collected in the natural environment and successfully introduced in the Botanical Garden of Yakutsk were identified by a team of authors earlier in a large study. In this work, we studied the chemical composition of the leaves, stem, and inflorescences of D. jacutense using the tandem mass spectrometry method. Only three cenopopulations of D. jacutense were found by us in the territory of the early habitat-in the vicinity of the village of Sangar, Kobyaysky district of Yakutia. The aboveground phytomass of the plant was collected, processed and dried as separate parts of the plant: inflorescences, stem and leaves. Firstly, a total of 128 compounds, 70% of which are polyphenols, were tentatively identified in extracts of D. jacutense. These polyphenol compounds were classified as 32 flavones, 12 flavonols, 6 flavan-3-ols, 7 flavanones, 17 phenolic acids, 2 lignans, 1 dihydrochalcone, 4 coumarins, and 8 anthocyanidins. Other chemical groups were presented as carotenoids, omega-3-fatty acids, omega-5-fatty acids, amino acids, purines, alkaloids, and sterols. The inflorescences are the richest in polyphenols (73 polyphenolic compounds were identified), while 33 and 22 polyphenols were found in the leaves and stems, respectively. A high level of identity for polyphenolic compounds in different parts of the plant is noted for flavanones (80%), followed by flavonols (25%), phenolic acids (15%), and flavones (13%). Furthermore, 78 compounds were identified for the first time in representatives of the genus Dracocephalum, including 50 polyphenolic compounds and 28 compounds of other chemical groups. The obtained results testify to the unique composition of polyphenolic compounds in different parts of D. jacutense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanna M Okhlopkova
- Department of Biology, North-Eastern Federal University, Belinsky Str. 58, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Mayya P Razgonova
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, B. Morskaya 42-44, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Food System, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Zoya G Rozhina
- Department of Biology, North-Eastern Federal University, Belinsky Str. 58, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Polina S Egorova
- Yakutsk Botanical Garden, Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone Siberian Branch of Russian Academy Sciences, Lenina pr. 41, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Kirill S Golokhvast
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, B. Morskaya 42-44, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Food System, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Centralnaya 2b, 630501 Krasnoobsk, Russia
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Sun W, Xu JD, Zhang W, Guo MF, Kong M, Zhu H, Zhou SS, Wu CY, Li SL, Mao Q. Holistic quality evaluation of Callicarpae Formosanae Folium by multi-chromatography-based qualitative and quantitative analysis of polysaccharides and small molecules. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 227:115282. [PMID: 36791651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Callicarpae Formosanae Folium (CFF), derived from the leaves of Callicarpa formosana Rolfe, is a common Chinese medicinal herb used for the treatment of hematemesis. Phytochemical studies found that phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, terpenoids and polysaccharides were the main ingredients of CFF. However, there is limited scientific information concerning holistic quality method and quality consistency evaluation of CFF. In this study, a strategy integrating HPGPC-ELSD, HPLC-PDA, UV-VIS and UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS was firstly developed to simultaneously qualify and quantify polysaccharides, as well as representative small molecules in CFF. HPGPC-ELSD was applied to characterize the molecular weight distribution of polysaccharides, HPLC-PDA was developed to qualitatively and quantitatively determine monosaccharides. UV-VIS was used to determine the total polysaccharides content, and UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS was established to characterize the small molecules. The quality consistency of commercial CFF (CM-CFF) was also evaluated. It was shown that the relative molecular weights, the compositional monosaccharides and small molecules composition in CM-CFF and self-collected CFF (SC-CFF) samples were similar. A total of 32 small molecules including 6 phenylpropanoids, 7 flavonoids and 19 terpenoids were characterized in CFF. However, the variation was observed in the content of polysaccharides, luteolin, ursolic acid, as well as total contents of terponoids in CM-CFF samples, which implied that the holistic quality of CM-CFF was inconsistent. The results suggested that the proposed evaluation strategy could be applied as a potential approach for the quality control of CFF. And the quality of CM-CFF should be improved by Good Agriculture Practice (GAP) base and standard processing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Jin-Di Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Meng-Fei Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Ming Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhou
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Cheng-Yin Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
| | - Qian Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
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7
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Zhang A, Xu Q, Jiang J, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Tao K, Cao G, Zhang J, Ding L, Meng Z, Dong W, Wang C. Qualitative and quantitative determination of chemical constituents in Jinbei oral liquid, a modern Chinese medicine for coronavirus disease 2019, by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Front Chem 2023; 11:1079288. [PMID: 36825225 PMCID: PMC9941701 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1079288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has the advantages of syndrome differentiation and rapid determination of etiology, and many TCM prescriptions have been applied to the clinical treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Among them, Jinbei Oral Liquid (Jb.L) has also shown an obvious curative effect in the clinic, but the related material basic research is relatively limited. Methods: Therefore, in this process, a systematic data acquisition and mining strategy was established using ultra-high- performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Results and Discussion: With the optimized conditions, a total of 118 peaks were tentatively characterized, including 43 flavonoids, 26 phenylpropanoids, 14 glycosides, 9 phthalides, 8 alkaloids and others. To determine the content of relevant pharmacological ingredients, we firstly exploited the ultra-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) method for simultaneous detection of 31 active ingredients within 17 min, and the validation of methodology showed that this method has good precision and accuracy. Moreover, analyzing the pharmacology of 31 individual of the medicinal material preliminarily confirmed the efficacy of Jb.L and laid a foundation for an in-depth study of network pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Qingcui Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Juanjuan Jiang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Zimo Zhao
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkvile, VIC, Australia
| | - Liangzong Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Kai Tao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Guiyun Cao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Lin Ding
- Institute of Optical Physics and Engineering Technology, Qilu Zhongke, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoqing Meng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Wenyao Dong
- The first Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Yinan County People’s Hospital, Linyi, China,*Correspondence: Chunxia Wang,
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He F, Huang YF, Dai W, Qu XY, Lu JG, Lao CC, Luo WH, Sun DM, Wei M, Xiao SY, Xie Y, Liu L, Zhou H. The localization of the alkaloids in Coptis chinensis rhizome by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1092643. [PMID: 36618650 PMCID: PMC9816869 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1092643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the spatial distribution of active compounds can effectively evaluate the quality of decoction pieces of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Traditional methods are economical and practical but lack chemical information on the original distribution. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), with the advantage of non-destructive detection of samples, can directly analyze the distribution of chemical compounds on the surface of various samples. METHODS In this study, TOF-SIMS image analysis technology was used to detect TCM for the first time. Taking Coptis rhizome (CR) as an example, a commonly used TCM, the distribution of the compounds in the cross-section of CR was studied. Meanwhile, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLCQQQ-MS/MS) was used to verify the results of TOF-SIMS. RESULTS The distribution of nine active compounds: berberine, epiberberine, coptisine, palmatine, columbamine, jatrorrhizine, tetrahydricheilanthifolinium, and oxyberberine, was well imaged in the cross-section of CR by TOF-SIMS. The content of berberine and epiberberine was the highest; Palmatine distribution in the pith was more than that in other parts; Oxyberberine was mainly concentrated in the cork and xylem rays. Normalization analysis showed contents of these compounds increased along with the growth years. The result was consistent with UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS. CONCLUSION The TOF-SIMS method can display the spatial distribution status of the active compounds of herbs, providing a basis for selecting the medicine site with non-destructive and fast detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan He
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Feng Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Xian-You Qu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Resources, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing-Guang Lu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Chi-Chou Lao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wen-Hui Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Guangdong Yifang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong-Mei Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Guangdong Yifang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Guangdong Yifang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng-Yuan Xiao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Jiang XL, Tai H, Kuang JS, Zhang JY, Cui SC, Lu YX, Qi SB, Zhang SY, Li SM, Chen JP, Meng XS. Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen decoction inhibits mitochondria-dependent granulosa cell apoptosis in a rat model of POF. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8321-8345. [PMID: 36309912 PMCID: PMC9648799 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As a widely applied traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen (JPYS) decoction maybe applied in curing premature ovarian failure (POF) besides chronic kidney disease (CKD). In vivo experiments, 40 female SD (8-week-old) rats were randomized into four groups, namely, control group (negative control), POF model group, JPYS treatment group, and triptorelin treatment group (positive control). JPYS group was treated with JPYS decoction (oral, 11 g/kg) for 60 days, and the triptorelin group was treated with triptorelin (injection, 1.5 mg/kg) for 10 days before the administration of cyclophosphamide (CTX) (50 mg/kg body weight) to establish POF model. We examined apoptosis, mitochondrial function, and target gene (ASK1/JNK pathway and mitochondrial fusion/fission) expression. In vitro experiments, the KGN human granulosa cell line was used. Cells were pretreated with CTX (20, 40, and 60 μg/mL) for 24 h, followed by JPYS-containing serum (2, 4, and 8 %) for 24 h. Thereafter, these cells were employed to assess apoptosis, mitochondrial function, and target gene levels of protein and mRNA. In vivo, JPYS alleviated injury and suppressed apoptosis in POF rats. In addition, JPYS improved ovarian function. JPYS inhibit apoptosis of granulosa cells through improving mitochondrial function by activating ASK1/JNK pathway. In vitro, JPYS inhibited KGN cell apoptosis through inhibited ASK1/JNK pathway and improved mitochondrial function. The effects of GS-49977 were similar to those of JPYS. During POF, mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in the ovary and leads to granulosa cell apoptosis. JPYS decoction improves mitochondrial function and alleviates apoptosis through ASK1/JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth of Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - He Tai
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liaoning Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin-Song Kuang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing-Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Shi-Chao Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Lu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Chinese Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Bo Qi
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Shi-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Shun-Min Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth of Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liaoning Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Shenyang, China
| | - Xian-Sheng Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
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Liu X, Deng R, Chen Y, Huang S, Lu J, Zheng L, Xiong G, Li S. Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen Formula Improves Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease via Regulating Tryptophan Metabolism and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:922707. [PMID: 35865941 PMCID: PMC9294467 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.922707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an important complementary and alternative branch of chronic kidney disease (CKD) therapy. Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen formula (JPYSF) is a TCM formula used for treating CKD with good efficacy. However, the underlying mechanisms of JPYSF in treating CKD remain to be elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the renoprotective effect and potential mechanism of JPYSF in treating CKD. CKD rat model was induced by feeding a diet containing 0.75% w/w adenine for 4 weeks. JPYSF was given by gavage every day, starting from the 3rd week of the adenine-containing diet and continuing for 4 weeks at the dose of 10.89 g/kg. Renal injury was evaluated by serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), histopathology, and fibrotic markers expression. Serum levels of tryptophan metabolites were detected by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling was tested by Western blot analysis. The results found that JPYSF treatment significantly lowered Scr and BUN levels, improved renal pathological injury, and down-regulated fibrotic markers expression in CKD rats. Furthermore, JPYSF significantly reduced the levels of 10 tryptophan metabolites in the serum of CKD rats and restored the level of tryptophan. Additionally, the kidney expression of AHR signaling was enhanced in CKD rats and was further suppressed in JPYSF treated rats. These results suggested that JPYSF protected against adenine-induced CKD via modulating tryptophan metabolism and AHR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xinhui Liu, ; Guoliang Xiong, ; Shunmin Li,
| | - Ruyu Deng
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yulian Chen
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiying Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiandong Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoliang Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xinhui Liu, ; Guoliang Xiong, ; Shunmin Li,
| | - Shunmin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xinhui Liu, ; Guoliang Xiong, ; Shunmin Li,
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Shi H, Chang YQ, Feng X, Yang GY, Zheng YG, Zheng Q, Zhang LL, Zhang D, Guo L. Chemical comparison and discrimination of two plant sources of Angelicae dahuricae Radix, Angelica dahurica and Angelica dahurica var. formosana, by HPLC-Q/TOF-MS and quantitative analysis of multiple components by a single marker. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:776-791. [PMID: 35470493 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Angelica dahurica(BZ) and Angelica dahurica var. formosana(HBZ) are two plant sources of Angelicae dahuricae Radix. Although BZ and HBZ are commonly used herbal medicines with great medicinal and dietary values, study on their phytochemicals and bioactive compositions is limited. OBJECTIVE To compare the chemical compositions of BZ and HBZ and find the chemical makers for discrimination and quality evaluation of the two botanical origins of Angelicae dahuricae Radix. METHODOLOGY A high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method was established for chemical profiling of BZ and HBZ. Then, a quantitative analysis of multiple components by a single marker method was developed for simultaneous determination of nine bioactive coumarins (xanthotoxol, oxypeucedanin hydrate, byakangelicin, xanthotoxin, bergapten, oxypeucedanin, phellopterin, imperatorin and isoimperatorin). Moreover, chemometrics were performed to compare and discriminate BZ and HBZ samples. RESULTS A total of 30 coumarins compounds were identified, and the chemical compositions in BZ and HBZ were quite similar. The quantitative analysis showed that there were significant differences in the contents of bioactive coumarins, and the chemometric analysis indicated five coumarins (xanthotoxol, xanthotoxin, bergapten, phellopterin and isoimperatorin) were responsible for the significant differences between BZ and HBZ, which could be used as chemical markers to distinguish the two original plant sources of Angelicae dahuricae Radix. CONCLUSION The present work provided useful information for understanding the chemical differences between BZ and HBZ and also provided feasible methods for quality evaluation and discrimination of herbal medicines originating from multiple botanical sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Shi
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ya-Qing Chang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xie Feng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Gui-Ya Yang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu-Guang Zheng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Shijiazhuang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lan-Lan Zhang
- Hebei Yuzhilin Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Long Guo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
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Zhao Y, Li X, Wang F, Huang S, Du H, Li S, Chen J. Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification Strategies to Illustrate the Mechanism of Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen Formula in Suppressing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:873023. [PMID: 35656312 PMCID: PMC9152215 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.873023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen formula (JPYSF), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been recommended to treat renal fibrosis for decades. Previous studies had shown that JPYSF could inhibit epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), an important regulatory role in renal fibrosis. However, the mechanism of JPYSF action is largely unknown. In this study, network pharmacology and experimental verification were combined to elucidate and identify the potential mechanism of JPYSF against renal fibrosis by suppressing EMT at molecular and pathway levels. Network pharmacology was first performed to explore the mechanism of JPYSF against renal fibrosis targeting EMT, and then a 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx)-induced rat model of renal fibrosis was selected to verify the predictive results by Masson’s trichrome stains and western blot analysis. Two hundred and thirty-two compounds in JPYSF were selected for the network approach analysis, which identified 137 candidate targets of JPYSF and 4,796 known therapeutic targets of EMT. The results of the Gene Ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis included 2098, 88, and 133 GO terms for biological processes (BPs), molecular functions (MFs), and cell component entries, respectively. The top 10 enrichment items of BP annotations included a response to a steroid hormone, a metal ion, oxygen levels, and so on. Cellular composition (CC) is mainly enriched in membrane raft, membrane microdomain, membrane region, etc. The MF of JPYSF analysis on EMT was predominately involved in proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding, protein heterodimerization activity, RNA polymerase II proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding, and so on. The involvement signaling pathway of JPYSF in the treatment of renal fibrosis targeting EMT was associated with anti-fibrosis, anti-inflammation, podocyte protection, and metabolism regulation. Furthermore, the in vivo experiments confirmed that JPYSF effectively ameliorated interstitial fibrosis and inhibited the overexpression of α-SMA, Wnt3a, and β-catenin, and increased the expression of E-cadherin by wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway in 5/6 Nx-induced renal fibrosis rats. Using an integrative network pharmacology-based approach and experimental verification, the study showed that JPYSF had therapeutic effects on EMT by regulating multi-pathway, among which one proven pathway was the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway. These findings provide insights into the renoprotective effects of JPYSF against EMT, which could suggest directions for further research of JPYSF in attenuating renal fibrosis by suppressing EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangbin Li
- Shenzhen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (Longgang), Shenzhen, China
| | - Fochang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiying Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanqian Du
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shunmin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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Chemical Characterization and Metabolic Profiling of the Compounds in the Chinese Herbal Formula Li Chang Decoction by UPLC-QTOF/MS. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1322751. [PMID: 35463075 PMCID: PMC9020952 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1322751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Li Chang decoction (LCD), a Chinese medicine formula, is commonly used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC) in clinics. Purpose This study aimed to identify the major components in LCD and its prototype and metabolic components in rat biological samples. Methods The chemical constituents in LCD were identified by establishing a reliable ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) method. Afterwards, the rats were orally administered with LCD, and the biological samples (plasma, urine, and feces) were collected for further analyzing the effective compounds in the treatment of UC. Result A total of 104 compounds were discriminated in LCD, including 26 flavonoids, 20 organic acids, 20 saponins, 8 amino acids, 5 oligosaccharides, 5 tannins, 3 lignans, 2 alkaloids, and 15 others (nucleosides, glycosides, esters, etc.). About 50 prototype and 94 metabolic components of LCD were identified in biological samples. In total, 29 prototype components and 22 metabolic types were detected in plasma. About 27 prototypes and 96 metabolites were discriminated in urine, and 34 prototypes and 18 metabolites were identified in feces. Conclusion The flavonoids, organic acids, and saponins were the major compounds of LCD, and this study promotes the further pharmacokinetic and pharmacological evaluation of LCD.
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Yan Y, Abdulla R, Liu X, Li S, Aisa HA. Comprehensive chemical profile and quantitative analysis of the Shabyar tablet, a traditional ethnic medicine prescription, by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with quadrupole‐orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2148-2160. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Yan
- The State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Rahima Abdulla
- The State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Shuping Li
- The State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- The State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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Wang YD, Yang J, Li Q, Li YY, Tan XM, Yao SY, Niu SB, Deng H, Guo LP, Ding G. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS Analysis of Seco-Sativene Sesquiterpenoids to Detect New and Bioactive Analogues From Plant Pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:807014. [PMID: 35356527 PMCID: PMC8959811 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.807014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seco-sativene sesquiterpenoids are an important member of phytotoxins and plant growth regulators isolated from a narrow spectrum of fungi. In this report, eight seco-sativene sesquiterpenoids (1-8) were first analyzed using the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technique in positive mode, from which their mass fragmentation pathways were suggested. McLafferty rearrangement, 1,3-rearrangement, and neutral losses were considered to be the main fragmentation patterns for the [M+1]+ ions of 1-8. According to the structural features (of different substitutes at C-1, C-2, and C-13) in compounds 1-8, five subtypes (A-E) of seco-sativene were suggested, from which subtypes A, B/D, and E possessed the diagnostic daughter ions at m/z 175, 189, and 203, respectively, whereas subtype C had the characteristic daughter ion at m/z 187 in the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS profiles. Based on the fragmentation patterns of 1-8, several known compounds (1-8) and two new analogues (9 and 10) were detected in the extract of plant pathogen fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis, of which 1, 2, 9, and 10 were then isolated and elucidated by NMR spectra. The UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS spectra of these two new compounds (9 and 10) were consistent with the fragmentation mechanisms of 1-8. Compound 1 displayed moderate antioxidant activities with IC50 of 0.90 and 1.97 mM for DPPH and ABTS+ scavenging capacity, respectively. The results demonstrated that seco-sativene sesquiterpenoids with the same subtypes possessed the same diagnostic daughter ions in the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS profiles, which could contribute to structural characterization of seco-sativene sesquiterpenoids. Our results also further supported that UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS is a powerful and sensitive tool for dereplication and detection of new analogues from crude extracts of different biological origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Duo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Tan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Yang Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing City University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Bin Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing City University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Phytochemical Analysis Using UPLC-MS/MS Combined with Network Pharmacology Methods to Explore the Biomarkers for the Quality Control of Lingguizhugan Decoction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2021:7849032. [PMID: 34976099 PMCID: PMC8716202 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7849032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As a classic TCM prescription, LGZG has been widely used in clinical prevention and treatment of heart failure, nonalcoholic fatty liver, and hyperlipidemia. However, there are few studies on chemical components in recent years, and the basis of quality evaluation is not sufficient. This study was to find the active ingredients of the Lingguizhugan decoction using UPLC-MS/MS and network pharmacology. By comparing the retention time and MS dates of the reference and self-building database, the cleavage rules of chemical composition whose mass errors are less than 1 ppm(FL less than 3 ppm) are analyzed. On this basis, a network pharmacology method was used to find biomarkers for quantitative analysis. The results show that 149 compounds were preliminaries identified or inferred, including 63 flavonoids, 30 triterpenes, 22 phenylpropanoids, 13 organic acids, 6 lactones, 5 alkaloids, 4 anthraquinones, and 6 other compounds. According to the network pharmacology results, 20 chemical constituents were selected as the biomarkers, which were determined simultaneously for the first time, including poricoic acid A, poricoic acid B, glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritin apioside, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, B, and C, atractylenolide I, II, and III, and coumarin. The methodological results show that the linearity, stability, precision, repeatability, and recovery of the method are satisfactory. Therefore, a comprehensive quality assessment system for LGZG was established on the basis of a systematic study of chemical substances and network pharmacology, which provided an important reference for the foundation of pharmacological action and its mechanics.
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Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen Formula Alleviates Chronic Kidney Disease in Two Rat Models by Modulating QPRT/NAD +/SIRT3/Mitochondrial Dynamics Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6625345. [PMID: 34938344 PMCID: PMC8687808 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6625345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen formula (JPYSF) is a traditional Chinese herbal decoction and has been used for treating chronic kidney disease (CKD) in clinics for decades. However, the potential mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study was designed to test the efficacy of JPYSF in treating CKD and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods Two CKD rat models were established by 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) and feeding with adenine-containing feed, respectively. The intervention dose of JPYSF was 10.89 g/kg/d by gastric irrigation. Renal function was assessed by serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson's trichrome staining were used to evaluate renal histopathological changes. The levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) were measured by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The proteins expressions of renal fibrosis, quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT), sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), and mitochondrial dynamics were determined and quantified by Western blot analysis. Results The results show that administration of JPYSF significantly lowered Scr and BUN levels, improved renal tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis, and decreased renal extracellular matrix deposition in two CKD rat models. In addition, CKD rats exhibited suppressed QPRT/NAD+/SIRT3 signal, increased mitochondrial fission, and decreased mitochondrial fusion. JPYSF treatment promoted QPRT/NAD+/SIRT3 signal and restored mitochondrial fission/fusion balance. Conclusion In conclusion, administration of JPYSF effectively alleviated CKD progression in two rat models, which may be related with regulation of the QPRT/NAD+/SIRT3/mitochondrial dynamics pathway.
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Identification of the tannins in traditional Chinese medicine Paeoniae Radix Alba by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Deng C, Xue R, Wang J, Cheng M, Zhu G, Zhang K, Lu T, Mao C. Discrimination between Zingiberis Rhizoma Praeparatum and carbonised ginger by colour measurement and fingerprint analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:921-931. [PMID: 33594765 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zingiberis Rhizoma (ZR) has been used as a traditional Chinese herb and culinary food for thousands of years. Its two processed products, Zingiberis Rhizoma Praeparatum (ZRP) and carbonised ginger (CG), possess different therapeutic effects. OBJECTIVES To establish an objective and comprehensive method to differentiate ZRP from CG and to evaluate their qualities. METHODOLOGY Colour values of ZRP and CG were tested to establish the colour models by spectrophotometry. Moreover, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for fingerprint and quantitative analysis, and chemometric approaches were applied to discriminate between ZRP and CG. Finally, Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between the colour values and the peak areas of the common chemical compositions. RESULTS Colour reference ranges of colour parameters and mathematical functions were built to distinguish ZRP from CG. In fingerprint analysis, 26 common peaks were detected in these two processed products, among which 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 10-gingerol, 8-shogaol and 10-shogaol were identified. Meanwhile, ZRP could be differentiated from CG by chemometrics analysis. In addition, the correlation between colour parameters and common peak areas was found and the contents of 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 10-gingerol, and 8-shogaol were determined simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS An objective approach of colour measurement, HPLC fingerprint coupled with chemometrics analysis and quantitative assessment could be applied to discriminate ZRP from CG and evaluate the qualities of ZRP and CG rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangfei Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tulin Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunqin Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen formula enhances perindopril inhibition of chronic kidney disease progression by activation of SIRT3, modulation of mitochondrial dynamics, and antioxidant effects. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229914. [PMID: 34633033 PMCID: PMC8536834 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem. Renin–angiotensin system (RAS) blockade is the mainstay of CKD therapy with limitations. Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen formula (JPYSF) is a traditional herbal decoction and has been used for treating CKD for decades. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the intervention effects of combined used of perindopril erbumine (PE) and JPYSF on CKD progression and explore their underlying mechanisms. CKD rat model was induced by feeding a diet containing 0.75% w/w adenine for 3 weeks. CKD rats were treated with PE or JPYSF or PE+JPYSF from the induction of CKD and lasted 4 weeks. Renal function was evaluated by serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Pathological lesions were observed by Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) and Masson’s trichrome staining. The protein expression was tested by Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. The morphology of mitochondria was observed by transmission electron microscope. The results showed that combined used of PE and JPYSF could better improve renal function and pathological lesions and ameliorate renal fibrosis in CKD rats. Administration of PE and JPYSF enhanced sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression, inhibited mitochondrial fission, promoted mitochondrial fusion, and suppressed oxidative stress in the kidney of CKD rats. In conclusion, combined use of PE and JPYSF protected against CKD more effectively than either alone. The underlying mechanism may be associated with activation of SIRT3, modulation of mitochondrial dynamics, and antioxidant effects.
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Goh YS, Karunakaran T, Murugaiyah V, Santhanam R, Abu Bakar MH, Ramanathan S. Accelerated Solvent Extractions (ASE) of Mitragyna speciosa Korth. (Kratom) Leaves: Evaluation of Its Cytotoxicity and Antinociceptive Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123704. [PMID: 34204457 PMCID: PMC8234130 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitragyna speciosa Korth (kratom) is known for its psychoactive and analgesic properties. Mitragynine is the primary constituent present in kratom leaves. This study highlights the utilisation of the green accelerated solvent extraction technique to produce a better, non-toxic and antinociceptive active botanical extract of kratom. ASE M. speciosa extract had a dry yield (0.53–2.91 g) and showed a constant mitragynine content (6.53–7.19%) when extracted with organic solvents of different polarities. It only requires a shorter extraction time (5 min) and a reduced amount of solvents (less than 100 mL). A substantial amount of total phenolic (407.83 ± 2.50 GAE mg/g and flavonoids (194.00 ± 5.00 QE mg/g) were found in ASE kratom ethanol extract. The MTT test indicated that the ASE kratom ethanolic leaf extract is non-cytotoxic towards HEK-293 and HeLa Chang liver cells. In mice, ASE kratom ethanolic extract (200 mg/kg) demonstrated a better antinociceptive effect compared to methanol and ethyl acetate leaf extracts. The presence of bioactive indole alkaloids and flavonols such as mitragynine, paynantheine, quercetin, and rutin in ASE kratom ethanolic leaf extract was detected using UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis supports its antinociceptive properties. ASE ethanolic leaf extract offers a better, safe, and cost-effective choice of test botanical extract for further preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sean Goh
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; (Y.S.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Thiruventhan Karunakaran
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; (Y.S.G.); (S.R.)
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +604-6533287
| | - Vikneswaran Murugaiyah
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
| | - Rameshkumar Santhanam
- BioSES Research Interest Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti MalaysiaTerengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia;
| | - Surash Ramanathan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; (Y.S.G.); (S.R.)
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Bailly C. Atractylenolides, essential components of Atractylodes-based traditional herbal medicines: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 891:173735. [PMID: 33220271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The rhizome of the plant Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz is the major constituent of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Baizhu, frequently used to treat gastro-intestinal diseases. Many traditional medicine prescriptions based on Baizhu and the similar preparation Cangzhu are used in China, Korea and Japan as Qi-booster. These preparations contain atractylenolides, a small group of sesquiterpenoids endowed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Atractylenolides I, II and III also display significant anticancer properties, reviewed here. The capacity of AT-I/II/IIII to inhibit cell proliferation and to induce cancer cell death have been analyzed, together with their effects of angiogenesis, metastasis, cell differentiation and stemness. The immune-modulatory properties of ATs are discussed. AT-I has been tested clinically for the treatment of cancer-induced cachexia with encouraging results. ATs, alone or combined with cytotoxic drugs, could be useful to treat cancers or to reduce side effects of radio and chemotherapy. Several signaling pathways have been implicated in their multi-targeted mechanisms of action, in particular those involving the central regulators TLR4, NFκB and Nrf2. A drug-induced reduction of inflammatory cytokines production (TNFα, IL-6) also characterizes these molecules which are generally weakly cytotoxic and well tolerated in vivo. Inhibition of Janus kinases (notably JAK2 and JAK3 targeted by AT-I and AT-III, respectively) has been postulated. Information about their metabolism and toxicity are limited but the long-established traditional use of the Atractylodes and the diversity of anticancer effects reported with AT-I and AT-III should encourage further studies with these molecules and structurally related natural products.
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Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen Regulates EPO and Iron Recycling Protein Expressions in Anemic Rats with Chronic Kidney Disease: Accumulation of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-2 α via ERK Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8894257. [PMID: 33178327 PMCID: PMC7647762 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8894257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen (JPYS), the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction, has been commonly used to treat chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its complications such as anemia. JPYS has been previously found to induce erythropoietin (EPO) production in HEK293T cells and CKD rats. However, the mechanism of JPYS in treating anemia of CKD rats has remained largely unknown. Here, we further extend our effort to investigate the translational control of hypoxia inducible factor- (HIF-) α protein via ERK signaling and the effect on iron recycling-related protein expression by JPYS, thus revealing the mechanism of JPYS in correcting anemia in CKD. Experimental CKD rats with anemia were induced by 5/6 nephrectomy. Rats were administrated orally with high dose (6.0 g/kg/d) and low dose (1.5 g/kg/d) of JPYS for 90 days. Serum hepcidin level was determined to evaluate iron homeostasis. The protein expressions of HIF-2α, erythropoietin (EPO), ferritin, and ferroportin (FPN) and the phosphorylation level of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) were detected by Western blot. The results showed that JPYS treatment significantly ameliorated kidney function by reducing increased levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), and urine protein (UPRO). Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson staining observation showed that the renal pathological damage was restored in JPYS-treated CKD rats. In parallel, JPYS markedly improved CKD anemia through upregulation of red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), and hematocrit (HCT). JPYS stimulated EPO and HIF-2α protein expressions in both the kidney and liver of CKD rats. Furthermore, JPYS induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 protein. In addition, JPYS regulated protein expression of ferritin and FPN in both the liver and spleen of CKD rats and the serum level of hepcidin. In conclusion, JPYS induces the expression of EPO through ERK-mediated HIF-2α protein accumulation and regulates systemic iron recycling, supporting its role in promoting erythropoiesis and improvement of anemia in CKD.
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