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DeBats CC, Abel DB, Sullivan MM, Koesterer SC, Linton IS, Mickens JL, Russell MT, Hammer LA, Minor KS. Social Activity in Schizotypy: Measuring Frequency and Enjoyment of Social Events. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:474. [PMID: 38920806 PMCID: PMC11201023 DOI: 10.3390/bs14060474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Improving social functioning deficits-a core characteristic of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders-is often listed by patients as a key recovery goal. Evidence suggests that social deficits also extend to people with schizotypy, a group at heightened risk for psychotic and other psychopathological disorders. One challenge of social functioning research in schizotypy is understanding whether social deficits arise from receiving less pleasure from social activities or from participating less in high-pleasure activities. However, limited information exists on what constitutes highly pleasurable, common social activities. In this study, 357 college students rated the frequency and enjoyment of 38 social activities. Our aims were to categorize activities based on their frequency and enjoyment, and whether these correlated with validated social functioning and schizotypy measures. We found that social activities could be characterized based on their frequency and enjoyment and created a frequency-enjoyment matrix that could be useful for future studies. Activities were correlated with social functioning, generally reaching a small effect size level, with increasing frequency and enjoyment showing associations with greater social functioning. Further, negative and disorganized-but not positive-traits were associated with less engagement and pleasure. Although follow-up studies in community samples are needed, our findings have the potential to help researchers and clinicians better understand which activities participants are more likely to engage in and derive pleasure from. The findings may also illustrate the extent to which social deficits may be due to less engagement or less pleasure from social activities, as well as which aspects of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders are associated with these facets of social functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice C. DeBats
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (C.C.D.); (D.B.A.); (M.M.S.); (S.C.K.); (I.S.L.); (J.L.M.); (M.T.R.)
| | - Danielle B. Abel
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (C.C.D.); (D.B.A.); (M.M.S.); (S.C.K.); (I.S.L.); (J.L.M.); (M.T.R.)
- West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Morgan M. Sullivan
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (C.C.D.); (D.B.A.); (M.M.S.); (S.C.K.); (I.S.L.); (J.L.M.); (M.T.R.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46227, USA
| | - Sophia C. Koesterer
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (C.C.D.); (D.B.A.); (M.M.S.); (S.C.K.); (I.S.L.); (J.L.M.); (M.T.R.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Imani S. Linton
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (C.C.D.); (D.B.A.); (M.M.S.); (S.C.K.); (I.S.L.); (J.L.M.); (M.T.R.)
| | - Jessica L. Mickens
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (C.C.D.); (D.B.A.); (M.M.S.); (S.C.K.); (I.S.L.); (J.L.M.); (M.T.R.)
| | - Madisen T. Russell
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (C.C.D.); (D.B.A.); (M.M.S.); (S.C.K.); (I.S.L.); (J.L.M.); (M.T.R.)
| | - Lillian A. Hammer
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA;
| | - Kyle S. Minor
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (C.C.D.); (D.B.A.); (M.M.S.); (S.C.K.); (I.S.L.); (J.L.M.); (M.T.R.)
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Wen B, Hu H, Zhang Y, Wang L, Yang H, Wang Y, Wang Y, Lui SSY, Sun H, Chan RCK. Characterizing emotion profiles in non‐clinical population: A cluster analytical study. Psych J 2022; 12:202-210. [PMID: 36428096 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Emotion processing and beliefs about pleasure can influence the development and severity of depressive symptoms. This cluster analysis study aimed to profile a large sample of college students using pleasure experience, emotion expression and regulation as well as beliefs about pleasure. We also aimed to validate the resultant clusters in terms of depressive symptoms. A set of checklists capturing beliefs about pleasure and the three facets of emotion processing was administered to 1028 college students. A two-stage cluster analysis was used to analyze the profile of these emotional aspects in these college students. Our results showed that a three-cluster solution best fit the data. Cluster 1 (n = 536) was characterized by moderate levels of beliefs about pleasure, pleasure experience, emotion expression, and regulation; Cluster 2 (n = 402) was characterized by generally high levels of beliefs about pleasure, pleasure experience, emotion expression, and regulation; Cluster 3 (n = 90) was characterized by relatively low levels of beliefs about pleasure, pleasure experience, emotion expression, and regulation. The three clusters differed significantly in the severity of depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest the existence of three emotional subtypes, which may be useful in early detection of youth at risk of developing depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao‐fang Wen
- School of Psychology Weifang Medical University Shandong China
| | - Hui‐xin Hu
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yi‐jing Zhang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ling‐ling Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Han‐xue Yang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yi Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yanyu Wang
- School of Psychology Weifang Medical University Shandong China
| | - Simon S. Y. Lui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- School of Psychology Weifang Medical University Shandong China
| | - Raymond C. K. Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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Semantic processing features and schizotypal traits: A test-retest study. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 178:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Morillo-Kraus E, Fonseca-Pedrero E, Senín-Calderón C, Rodríguez-Testal JF. Perception of belonging and social anticipatory pleasure: Mediating variables of negative symptoms in the general population. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Alfimova MV, Lezheiko T, Plakunova V, Golimbet V. Relationships between schizotypal features, trait anticipatory and consummatory pleasure, and naturalistic hedonic States. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-021-09896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dispositional mindfulness and mental health in Chinese emerging adults: A multilevel model with emotion dysregulation as a mediator. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239575. [PMID: 33211701 PMCID: PMC7676716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a multilevel model, this study examined emotion dysregulation as a mediator between dispositional mindfulness and mental health among Chinese emerging adults. Participants were 191 Chinese emerging adults (female = 172) between 18 and 27 years old (M = 21.06 years, SD = 2.01 years), who completed a questionnaire that assessed their dispositional mindfulness, emotion dysregulation, and mental health outcomes for three times over 12 months, with a three-month lag between each time point. Within-person analysis revealed that emotion dysregulation mediated between dispositional mindfulness and mental health outcomes, including subjective well-being and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Time was positively associated with emotion dysregulation and negatively associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety. Between-person analysis revealed that emotion dysregulation negatively mediated between dispositional mindfulness and symptoms of depression and anxiety, but not subjective well-being. These findings call attention to within-person versus between-person effects of emotion dysregulation as a mediator between dispositional mindfulness and psychological outcomes, particularly of symptoms of depression and anxiety. Attesting to the relations established in western societies, the relations are also applicable to emerging adults in the Chinese context. Evidence was thus advanced to inform translational research efforts that promote mindfulness and emotion regulation as assets of mental health.
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Chan RCK, Barkus E, Sun H. Transdiagnostic study of mental disorders. Psych J 2020; 9:157-159. [DOI: 10.1002/pchj.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond C. K. Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental HealthInstitute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Emma Barkus
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Wollongong Wollongong Australia
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