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Traisrisilp K, Yanase Y, Phirom K, Tongsong T. Prenatal Sonographic Features of Ring Chromosome 15: A Case Report and Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040885. [PMID: 35453933 PMCID: PMC9030570 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring chromosome 15, a rare genetic disease, is very rarely prenatally diagnosed. We present a unique case of fetal ring chromosome 15 with ultrasound findings at 32 weeks of gestation including congenital diaphragmatic hernia, hypoplasia of the aorta with persistent left SVC, growth restriction, clubfeet and scoliosis. We also performed an analytical literature review of prenatal sonographic findings of the disease. This review suggests that ring chromosome 15 has a relatively specific sonographic pattern that could facilitate early detection. The specific sonographic features of ring chromosome 15 include fetal growth restriction, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, abnormal limb postures, cardiac defects, low-set ears and other less frequent, non-specific anomalies that can be identified in more than 50% of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntharee Traisrisilp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Correspondence: (K.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Yuri Yanase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nakornping Hospital, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand;
| | - Krittaya Phirom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Theera Tongsong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Correspondence: (K.T.); (T.T.)
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Chen M, Ke X, Liang H, Gong F, Yang H, Wang L, Duan L, Pan H, Cao D, Zhu H. The phenotype and rhGH treatment response of ring Chromosome 15 Syndrome: Case report and literature review. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1842. [PMID: 34747577 PMCID: PMC8683626 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ring chromosome 15 [r (15)] is an uncommon finding with various clinical manifestations. A common phenotype for these patients has not been established and data on the efficacy of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment in patients with r (15) syndrome are limited. Methods One short stature patient in our hospital with r (15) syndrome by whole exome sequencing (WES) and karyotype examination was included. All published r (15) syndrome cases as of March 15, 2021, were searched, and their clinical information was recorded and summarized. Results One 11.5‐year‐old female with prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, ventricular septal defect, intellectual disability, downward corners, short fifth metacarpal bone, scattered milk coffee spots, and a right ovarian cyst was included. Her height was 126.9 cm (−3.45 SDS). Karyotype analysis showed 46, XX, r (15). WES revealed a 4.5 Mb heterozygous deletion in the chromosome 15q26.2‐q26.3 region, encompassing genes from ARRDC4 to OR4F15. Gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone analogue (triptorelin) and rhGH were administered for 6 months. The height has increased 3.8 cm (+0.2SDS) and the calculated growth rate has improved from 4.7 to 7.6 cm/y. The literature review indicated the main clinical manifestations of r (15) syndrome with prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, characteristic craniofacial features, and multisystem abnormalities, and rhGH treatment is beneficial for r (15) syndrome patients with short stature. Conclusion We delineate the clinical spectrum of r (15) syndrome with the identification of an additional individual and rhGH treatment is beneficial for r (15) syndrome patients with short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoan Ke
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hanting Liang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyan Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Paz-Y-Miño C, Guevara-Aguirre J, Paz-Y-Miño A, Velarde F, Armendáriz-Castillo I, Yumiceba V, Hernández JM, García JL, Leone PE. Ring chromosome 15 - cytogenetics and mapping arrays: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2018; 12:340. [PMID: 30442194 PMCID: PMC6238305 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-018-1879-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ring chromosome 15 has been associated in previous studies with different clinical characteristic such as cardiac problems, digit and musculoskeletal abnormalities, and mental and motor problems among others. Only 97 clinical cases of ring chromosome 15 syndrome have been reported since 1966 and a common phenotype for these patients has not been established. CASE PRESENTATION The present case report describes a 15-month-old girl from the Amazon region of Ecuador, of Mestizo ancestry, who after cytogenetic tests showed a 46,XX,r(15) karyotype in more than 70% of metaphases observed. Her parents were healthy and non-related. The pregnancy was complicated and was positive for intrauterine growth retardation. Her birth weight was 1950 g, her length was 43.5 cm, and she had a head circumference of 29.3. In addition to postnatal growth delay, she had scant frontal hair, small eyes, hypertelorism, low-set of ears, flattened nasal bridge, anteverted nostrils, down-turned mouth, three café au lait spots, and delayed dentition. CONCLUSIONS Despite the frequency of some phenotypes expressed in the different clinical cases reviewed and the present case, a common phenotype for patients with ring 15 could not be determined and it is restricted to the region of the chromosome lost during the ring formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Paz-Y-Miño
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Jaime Guevara-Aguirre
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.,Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Reproduction, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ariane Paz-Y-Miño
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador.,Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Zurita & Zurita Laboratorios, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Francesca Velarde
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Isaac Armendáriz-Castillo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Verónica Yumiceba
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jesús María Hernández
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan Luis García
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-SACYL-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Paola E Leone
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
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Cannarella R, Mattina T, Condorelli RA, Mongioì LM, Pandini G, La Vignera S, Calogero AE. Chromosome 15 structural abnormalities: effect on IGF1R gene expression and function. Endocr Connect 2017; 6:528-539. [PMID: 28899882 PMCID: PMC5597972 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), mapping on the 15q26.3 chromosome, is required for normal embryonic and postnatal growth. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the IGF1R gene expression and function in three unrelated patients with chromosome 15 structural abnormalities. We report two male patients with the smallest 15q26.3 chromosome duplication described so far, and a female patient with ring chromosome 15 syndrome. Patient one, with a 568 kb pure duplication, had overgrowth, developmental delay, mental and psychomotor retardation, obesity, cryptorchidism, borderline low testis volume, severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and gynecomastia. We found a 1.8-fold increase in the IGF1R mRNA and a 1.3-fold increase in the IGF1R protein expression (P < 0.05). Patient two, with a 650 kb impure duplication, showed overgrowth, developmental delay, mild mental retardation, precocious puberty, low testicular volume and severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. The IGF1R mRNA and protein expression was similar to that of the control. Patient three, with a 46,XX r(15) (p10q26.2) karyotype, displayed intrauterine growth retardation, developmental delay, mental and psychomotor retardation. We found a <0.5-fold decrease in the IGF1R mRNA expression and an undetectable IGF1R activity. After reviewing the previously 96 published cases of chromosome 15q duplication, we found that neurological disorders, congenital cardiac defects, typical facial traits and gonadal abnormalities are the prominent features in patients with chromosome 15q duplication. Interestingly, patients with 15q deletion syndrome display similar features. We speculate that both the increased and decreased IGF1R gene expression may play a role in the etiology of neurological and gonadal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura M Mongioì
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pandini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Prenatal diagnosis of a fetus with ring chromosomal 15 by two- and three-dimensional ultrasonography. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2014; 2014:495702. [PMID: 25389503 PMCID: PMC4217343 DOI: 10.1155/2014/495702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a prenatal diagnosis of ring chromosome 15 in a fetus with left congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and severe intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). A 31-year-old woman, gravida 2 para 1, was referred because of increased nuchal translucency at gestational age of 13 weeks. Comprehensive fetal ultrasound examination was performed at 19 weeks revealing an early onset IUGR, left CDH with liver herniation, and hypoplastic nasal bone. Three-dimensional ultrasound (rendering mode) showed low set ears and depressed nasal bridge. Amniocentesis was performed with a result of a 46,XX,r(15) fetus after a cytogenetic study. A 1,430 g infant (less than third percentile) was born at 36 weeks. The infant presented with respiratory failure and died at 2 h of life. Postnatal karyotype from the umbilical cord confirmed the diagnosis of 15-ring chromosome. We described the main prenatal 2D- and 3D-ultrasound findings associated with ring chromosome 15. The interest in reporting the present case is that CDH can be associated with the diagnosis of 15-ring chromosome because the critical location of the normal diaphragm development is at chromosome 15q26.1-q26.2.
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Tan SJ, Chen CH, Chen CP, Chen CW, Chen CY, Hwang KS. Prenatal diagnosis of mosaic ring chromosome 15 with abnormal maternal serum Down syndrome screening and Dandy-Walker malformation. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 51:109-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2012.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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