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Koe ASL, Tan YY, Vora S. X-linked myotubular myopathy in a family of two infant siblings: A case report and review. Pediatr Neonatol 2024:S1875-9572(24)00113-X. [PMID: 39013721 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a severe type of congenital skeletal muscle disorder usually presenting at birth requiring extensive resuscitation. While having phenotypic variability, its diagnosis carries a poor prognosis due to high rates of hospitalization and mortality by early infancy. Management of patients with XLMTM should therefore be guided by shared decision-making with parents, considering the severity and progression of the disease, quality of life, and demands on caregivers. We describe a family unit of two half-siblings presenting with the severe neonatal form of XLMTM, with varying prognosis and outcomes. Furthermore, a novel maternally-derived c.343-1G > A variant in intron-5 of the MTM1 gene was identified in this family. Hereby, we propose an algorithm for the management of XLMTM, outlining important considerations during the antenatal and postnatal follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Suan-Lin Koe
- Department of Neonatology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore, 229899.
| | - Yee Yin Tan
- Department of Neonatology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore, 229899
| | - Shrenik Vora
- Department of Neonatology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore, 229899
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Weissbach T, Hausman-Kedem M, Yanay Z, Meyer R, Bar-Yosef O, Leibovitch L, Berkenstadt M, Chorin O, Shani H, Massarwa A, Achiron R, Weisz B, Sharon R, Mazaki-Tovi S, Kassif E. Congenital hypotonia: systematic approach for prenatal detection. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2023; 62:94-105. [PMID: 36779229 DOI: 10.1002/uog.26178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Congenital hypotonic conditions are rare and heterogeneous, and some are severely debilitating or lethal. Contrary to its prominent postnatal manifestation, the prenatal presentation of hypotonia is frequently subtle, inhibiting prenatal detection. We aimed to characterize the prenatal sonographic manifestation of congenital hypotonia throughout pregnancy, evaluate the yield of diagnostic tests and propose diagnostic models to increase its prenatal detection. METHODS This was a retrospective observational study of singleton pregnancies with congenital hypotonia, diagnosed either prenatally or immediately after birth, at a single tertiary center between the years 2012 and 2020. Prenatally, hypotonia was diagnosed if a fetus showed sonographic or clinical signs suggestive of hypotonia and had a confirmed underlying genetic condition, or in the absence of a known genetic abnormality if the fetus exhibited multiple prominent signs suggestive of hypotonia. Postnatally, it was diagnosed in neonates displaying reduced muscle tone leading to reduced spontaneous movement, reduced swallowing or feeding difficulty. We reviewed the medical records of pregnant patients carrying fetuses subsequently diagnosed with congenital hypotonia and assessed the yield of ultrasound scans, fetal magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and genetic tests. The detection rate of sonographic signs suggesting fetal hypotonia was calculated. The prevalence of non-specific signs, including polyhydramnios, persistent breech presentation, intrauterine growth restriction and maternal perception of reduced fetal movement, were compared between the study group and the local liveborn singleton population. Potential detection rates of different theoretical semiotic diagnostic models, differing in the threshold for referral for a targeted scan, were assessed based on the cohort's data. RESULTS The study group comprised 26 cases of congenital hypotonia, of which 10 (38.5%) were diagnosed prenatally, and the controls included 95 105 singleton live births, giving a prevalence of congenital hypotonia of 1:3658. Nuchal translucency thickness and the early anomaly scan at 13-17 weeks were normal in all 22 and 23 cases, respectively, in which this was performed. The mid-trimester scan performed at 19-25 weeks was abnormal in four of 24 (16.7%) cases. The overall prenatal detection rate of congenital hypotonic conditions in our cohort was 38.5%. Only cases which underwent a targeted scan were detected and, among the 16 cases which underwent this scan, the prenatal detection rate was 62.5% compared with 0% in pregnancies that did not undergo this scan (P = 0.003). An abnormal genetic diagnosis was obtained in 21 (80.8%) cases using the following modalities: chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) in two (9.5%), whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 14 (66.7%) and methylation analysis in five (23.8%). CMA was abnormal in 8% (2/25) of the cases and WES detected a causative genetic mutation in 87.5% (14/16) of the cases in which these were performed. Comparison of non-specific signs in the study group with those in the local singleton population showed that hypotonic fetuses had significantly more polyhydramnios (64.0% vs 3.0%, P < 0.0001), persistent breech presentation (58.3% vs 4.2%, P < 0.0001), intrauterine growth restriction (30.8% vs 3.0%, P < 0.0001) and maternal perception of reduced fetal movement (32.0% vs 4.7%, P < 0.0001). Prenatally, the most commonly detected signs supporting a diagnosis of hypotonia were structural anomaly (62.5%, 10/16), reduced fetal movement (46.7%, 7/15), joint contractures (46.7%, 7/15) and undescended testes ≥ 30 weeks (42.9%, 3/7 males). Proposed diagnostic strategies that involved performing a targeted scan for a single non-specific ultrasound sign or two such signs, and then carrying out a comprehensive genetic evaluation for any additional sign, offered theoretical detection rates in our cohort of 88.5% and 57.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Congenital hypotonic conditions are rare and infrequently detected prenatally. Sonographic signs are visible from the late second trimester. A targeted scan increases prenatal detection significantly. Comprehensive genetic testing, especially WES, is the cornerstone of diagnosis in congenital hypotonia. Theoretical diagnostic models which may increase prenatal detection are provided. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Weissbach
- Institute of Obstetrical and Gynecological Imaging, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Hausman-Kedem
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Pediatric Neurology Institute, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Z Yanay
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - R Meyer
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - O Bar-Yosef
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Pediatric Neurology, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - L Leibovitch
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - M Berkenstadt
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Danek Institute of Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - O Chorin
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Danek Institute of Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - H Shani
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Danek Institute of Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - A Massarwa
- Institute of Obstetrical and Gynecological Imaging, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - R Achiron
- Institute of Obstetrical and Gynecological Imaging, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - B Weisz
- Institute of Obstetrical and Gynecological Imaging, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - R Sharon
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - S Mazaki-Tovi
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - E Kassif
- Institute of Obstetrical and Gynecological Imaging, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Massalska D, Zimowski JG, Bijok J, Kucińska-Chahwan A, Łusakowska A, Jakiel G, Roszkowski T. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital myopathies and muscular dystrophies. Clin Genet 2016; 90:199-210. [PMID: 27197572 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Congenital myopathies and muscular dystrophies constitute a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous group of rare inherited diseases characterized by muscle weakness and atrophy, motor delay and respiratory insufficiency. To date, curative care is not available for these diseases, which may severely affect both life-span and quality of life. We discuss prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling for families at risk, as well as diagnostic possibilities in sporadic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Massalska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J G Zimowski
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Bijok
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Kucińska-Chahwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Łusakowska
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - G Jakiel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Roszkowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
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