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HU X, LI S, YANG D, GU N, LIU J, WANG Y, LIU L, SUN Y. Modified Gexiazhuyu decoction alleviates chronic salpingitis p38 signaling pathway. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2022; 42:213-220. [PMID: 35473341 PMCID: PMC9924770 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate pharmacodynamic effects of modified Gexiazhuyu decoction (MGXZYD) and explore the underlying mechanism in the treatment of chronic salpingitis METHODS: Chronic salpingitis model rats were firstly constructed and the blood was collected to detect the whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity. Rat oviduct were collected to evaluate the macroscopic damage and the pathological injury and fibrosis of oviduct by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining. Elisa assay was to detect the production interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) in serum and collagen I (COL-1), matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) in oviduct tissue. And immunohistochemical staining with MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in oviduct tissue were examined. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK), phospho-p38MPAK (p-p38MPAK), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in oviduct. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), p-p38MPAK, in oviduct tissue were detected by immunofluorescence method. The mRNA of p-p38MAPK, α -SMA, COL-1, MMP-9, TIMP-1 was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Rats administrated with MGXZYD demonstrated decreased the whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity. MGXZYD obviously improved the tubal wall thickening, swelling and pelvic adhesion. And HE and Masson staining showed MGXZYD improved the pathological injury and fibrosis of oviduct. The results of MTT assay and flow cytometry indicated that MGXZYD could decreased the NIN-3T3 cells viability and improved the apoptosis. Besides, MGXZYD inhibited the protein and / or mRNA of TGF-β1, IL-1β, COL-1, α-SMA, p-p38MAPK expressions and increased the production of MMP-9/TIMP-1. CONCLUSION MGXZYD could prevent the progression of chronic salpingitis by inhibited the fibrocyte and inflammation which inhibited the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijiao HU
- 1 Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150001, China
- 5 Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Shuoxi LI
- 2 Jiamusi College of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 154000, China
| | - Dongxia YANG
- 3 Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Na GU
- 4 General Hospital of Heilongjiang Forest Industry, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Jinzhe LIU
- 5 Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Yawen WANG
- 5 Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Li LIU
- 6 First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150040, China
- LIU Li, the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150040, China.
| | - Yiming SUN
- 7 Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Heilongjiang 150036, China
- SUN Yiming, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Heilongjiang 150036, China.
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The association between mitochondrial DNA copy number, telomere length, and tubal pregnancy. Placenta 2020; 97:108-114. [PMID: 32792056 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence has demonstrated association between the occurrence of tubal ectopic pregnancy (TP) and oxidative stress (OS) status, in which mitochondria and telomeres play important roles. However, little is known about the underlying correlation between TP and the mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) or telomere length (TL) abnormalities. In this study, we found OS level was elevated in TP patients. We hierarchically detected the relative mtDNAcn and TL of villi from normal pregnancy (NP) and TP samples according to different gestational age, fetal sex, maternal age, and BMI. The results revealed that the relative mtDNAcn was significantly lower in the villi in the TP group compared with the NP cohort, which was negatively correlated with OS status. In the NP group, the mtDNAcn in the female subgroup was apparently lower than that in the male subgroup, while no statistical difference was found in the mtDNAcn in the TP group between the female and male subgroups. Moreover, the relative TL in the TP group was at a similar level to the NP group, and no statistical correlation was observed between relative TL and OS level. In summary, our findings indicate that the abnormal level of mtDNAcn rather than TL is correlated with TP, which provides new insights into the mechanism of TP.
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Association of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) with ectopic pregnancy and preterm labor in Taiwan: A nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219351. [PMID: 31408465 PMCID: PMC6692029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infectious disease that causes tubal occlusion and other pelvic and abdominal adhesions. The incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) has increased due to the sexually active status of the young population. This leads to a more serious problem and a larger effect than previously observed. However, there have been few studies on this topic in Asian populations. Aim We aimed to evaluate the risk of preterm labor and/or ectopic pregnancy in Taiwanese women following PID. Design Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database, we designed a retrospective cohort study that included 12- to 55-year-old pregnant women between 2000 and 2010. We selected a 1:3 age-matched control group of non-PID women. The endpoint was any episode of preterm labor or ectopic pregnancy; otherwise, the patients were tracked until 31 December 2010. Methods The risk factors for preterm labor or ectopic pregnancy were explored. For cases included from the index date until the end of 2010, we analyzed the risk of incident preterm labor or ectopic pregnancy. With the use of a multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, we calculated the hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% CI and compared it with that of the control group. Results This study examined 30,450 patients with PID and 91,350 controls. During the follow-up period, patients in the PID group were more likely to develop preterm labor or ectopic pregnancy than patients in the control group. The cumulative incidence rates for developing preterm labor were 1.84% (561/30,450 individuals) in patients with PID and 1.63% (1492/91,350 individuals) in patients without PID. On the other hand, the cumulative incidence rate for developing ectopic pregnancy in patients with PID was 0.05% (14/30,450 individuals) but was only 0.04% (33/91,350 individuals) in patients without PID. Compared with those without PID, the patients with PID had a 1.864 times (P<0.001) higher risk of developing preterm labor and a 2.121 times (P = 0.003) higher risk of developing ectopic pregnancy. Conclusion Our study provided evidence of an increased risk of preterm labor or ectopic pregnancy in PID patients.
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Li C, Zhang HY, Liang Y, Xia W, Zhu Q, Zhang D, Huang Z, Liang GL, Xue RH, Qi H, He XQ, Yuan JJ, Tan YJ, Huang HF, Zhang J. Effects of Levonorgestrel and progesterone on Oviductal physiology in mammals. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:59. [PMID: 29925391 PMCID: PMC6011509 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study indicated that emergency contraception, including levonorgestrel and progesterone, could lead to ectopic pregnancy following contraception failure. However, our understanding of the effects of levonorgestrel and progesterone on oviductal physiology is limited. METHODS The receptivity of the fallopian tubal epithelium after levonorgestrel and progesterone treatment was examined through western blots for receptivity markers and JAr-spheroid-fallopian tubal epithelial cell attachment assays. The ciliary beat frequency was analyzed using an inverted bright-field microscope. Furthermore, an in vivo animal model of embryo-tubal transplantation was also studied to determine the effects of levonorgestrel- and progesterone-induced ciliary beat reduction. RESULTS Our results showed that levonorgestrel and progesterone did not change the levels of fallopian tubal epithelial cell receptive markers, including LIF, STAT3, IGFBP1, ITGB3, MUC1, and ACVR1B, or affect JAr-spheroid implantation. However, levonorgestrel and progesterone reduced the ciliary beat frequency in fallopian tubes in a dose-dependent manner. An in vivo model also showed that levonorgestrel and progesterone could lead to embryo retention in the oviducts. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that levonorgestrel and progesterone can reduce the ciliary beat frequency without altering receptivity, indicating a possible mechanism for progesterone- or levonorgestrel-induced tubal pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Department of Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 910, Hengshan Rd, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Hui-Yu Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gui-Lin Liang
- Department of Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Hong Xue
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 910, Hengshan Rd, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Hang Qi
- Department of Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Qing He
- Department of Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang-Jing Yuan
- Department of Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Jing Tan
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 910, Hengshan Rd, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - He-Feng Huang
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 910, Hengshan Rd, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Xin H, Liu W, Li P. Diagnostic value of detection of serum β-HCG and CT-IgG combined with transvaginal ultrasonography in early tubal pregnancy. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:277-281. [PMID: 29896250 PMCID: PMC5995067 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnostic value of detection of serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) and Chlamydia trachomatis immunoglobulin G (CT-IgG) combined with transvaginal ultrasonography in early tubal pregnancy was investigated. A total of 55 patients with early tubal pregnancy were selected as the tubal pregnancy group, while 55 subjects of normal intrauterine pregnancy were enrolled as the intrauterine pregnancy group. Transvaginal ultrasonography and quantitative detection of serum β-HCG and CT-IgG were performed for all patients, and the clinical examination results were analyzed and compared. The endometrial thickness and serum β-HCG level of patients with early tubal pregnancy were significantly lower than those of women with intrauterine pregnancy (6.7±1.5 vs. 11.6±1.2 mm; 776±109 vs. 5,598±187 U/l), and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.01); the serum CT-IgG antibody positive rate of patients in tubal pregnancy group (49.1%) was significantly higher than that in intrauterine pregnancy group (12.7%) (p<0.01); the serum CT-IgG antibody positive rates of patients with degree I, II and III of pelvic adhesion intubal pregnancy group were 28.6, 75.0 and 81.8%, respectively; the more severe the pelvic adhesion was, the higher the CT-IgG positive rate would be. The diagnostic coincidence rate of combined detection was significantly higher than that of single detection of serum β-HCG, progesterone and endometrial thickness. The detection of serum β-HCG and CT-IgG combined with transvaginal ultrasonography can diagnose the early tubal pregnancy soonest possible, and help choose the appropriate therapeutic methods depending on the situation to reduce the tubal damage of patients, so as to provide a reliable basis for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, and it has important clinical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Xin
- Department of Ultrasonography, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Wenlian Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
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Li C, Meng CX, Sun LL, Zhao WH, Zhang M, Zhang J, Cheng L. Reduced prevalence of chronic tubal inflammation in tubal pregnancies after levonorgestrel emergency contraception failure. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2015; 24:548-54. [PMID: 25832444 PMCID: PMC6681171 DOI: 10.1002/pds.3775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare chronic fallopian tubal inflammatory disease and fibrosis between patients with general tubal pregnancy (TP) and TP with levonorgestrel (LNG) emergency contraception (EC) failure. METHODS We retrospectively studied patients with general TP (n = 79) and TP following LNG-EC failure (n = 81) within the same conception cycle. Information on the gynecological features of each subject was collected. Pelvic inflammatory disease and associated sequelae were assessed by the serum Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) IgG test, laparoscopic evaluation of tubal damage, and histopathological observation of tube tissues. Chi-square and Student's t-tests were employed to determine the difference between the two groups. RESULTS Compared with general TP, cases of TP following LNG-EC failure subjects were less likely to have a history of previous ectopic pregnancy (5.06% vs. 18.52%, p = 0.009) and adnexal surgery (6.33% vs. 22.22%, p = 0.010). Patients with TP following LNG-EC failure were less likely to have pelvic inflammatory disease and associated sequelae than those with general TP, as revealed by positive reaction to anti-CT IgG (18.18% vs. 35.94%, p = 0.031), assessment of tubal damage (grade I: 5.06% vs. 17.28%; grade II: 2.53% vs. 11.11%; grade III: 1.27% vs. 6.17%; p = 0.001), infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells (10.91% vs. 62.50%, p < 0.001), and positive Masson's staining (7.69% vs. 39.58%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Compared with cases of general TP, cases of TP following LNG-EC failure exhibited reduced rates of CT infection, fallopian tubal inflammation, and/or fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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