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Delpino FM, Costa ÂK, César do Nascimento M, Dias Moura HS, Geremias Dos Santos H, Wichmann RM, Porto Chiavegatto Filho AD, Arcêncio RA, Nunes BP. Does machine learning have a high performance to predict obesity among adults and older adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:2034-2045. [PMID: 39004592 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
AIM Machine learning may be a tool with the potential for obesity prediction. This study aims to review the literature on the performance of machine learning models in predicting obesity and to quantify the pooled results through a meta-analysis. DATA SYNTHESIS A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, including studies that used machine learning to predict obesity. Searches were conducted in October 2023 across databases including LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and CINAHL. We included studies that utilized classification models and reported results in the Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) (PROSPERO registration: CRD42022306940), without imposing restrictions on the year of publication. The risk of bias was assessed using an adapted version of the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD). Meta-analysis was conducted using MedCalc software. A total of 14 studies were included, with the majority demonstrating satisfactory performance for obesity prediction, with AUCs exceeding 0.70. The random forest algorithm emerged as the top performer in obesity prediction, achieving an AUC of 0.86 (95%CI: 0.76-0.96; I2: 99.8%), closely followed by logistic regression with an AUC of 0.85 (95%CI: 0.75-0.95; I2: 99.6%). The least effective model was gradient boosting, with an AUC of 0.77 (95%CI: 0.71-0.82; I2: 98.1%). CONCLUSION Machine learning models demonstrated satisfactory predictive performance for obesity. However, future research should utilize more comparable data, larger databases, and a broader range of machine learning models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Mendes Delpino
- Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Public Health Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Ândria Krolow Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruno Pereira Nunes
- Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Ali S, Coory M, Donovan P, Na R, Pandeya N, Pearson SA, Spilsbury K, Stewart LM, Thompson B, Tuesley K, Waterhouse M, Webb PM, Jordan SJ, Neale RE. Association between unstable diabetes mellitus and risk of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2024; 24:66-72. [PMID: 38000983 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deterioration of glycaemic control in people with long-standing diabetes mellitus (diabetes) may be a possible indicator of pancreatic cancer. However, the magnitude of the association between diabetes deterioration and pancreatic cancer has received little attention. METHODS We conducted a matched cohort study, nested within a population-based cohort of Australian women with diabetes. Women with unstable diabetes, defined as a change in medication after a 2-year period of stable medication use, were matched by birth year to those with stable diabetes, in a 1:4 ratio. We used flexible parametric survival models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS We included 134,954 and 539,789 women in the unstable and stable diabetes cohorts, respectively (mean age 68 years). In total, 1,315 pancreatic cancers were diagnosed. Deterioration of stable diabetes was associated with a 2.5-fold increased risk of pancreatic cancer (HR 2.55; 95% CI 2.29-2.85). The risk was particularly high within the first year after diabetes deteriorated. HRs at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year were: 5.76 (95% CI 4.72-7.04); 4.56 (95% CI 3.81-5.46); and 3.33 (95% CI 2.86-3.89), respectively. The risk was no longer significantly different after 7 years. CONCLUSIONS Deterioration in glycaemic control in people with previously stable diabetes may be an indicator of pancreatic cancer, suggesting investigations of the pancreas may be appropriate. The weaker longer-term (3-7 years) association between diabetes deterioration and pancreatic cancer may indicate that poor glycaemic control can be a risk factor for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitwat Ali
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Coory
- Centre of Research Excellence in Stillbirth, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter Donovan
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Renhua Na
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nirmala Pandeya
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Katrina Spilsbury
- Centre Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Louise M Stewart
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bridie Thompson
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Karen Tuesley
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mary Waterhouse
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Penelope M Webb
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Susan J Jordan
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rachel E Neale
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Tuesley KM, Webb PM, Protani MM, Spilsbury K, Pearson SA, Coory MD, Donovan P, Steer C, Stewart LM, Pandeya N, Jordan SJ. Nitrogen-Based Bisphosphonate Use and Ovarian Cancer Risk in Women Aged 50 Years and Older. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:878-884. [PMID: 35262727 PMCID: PMC9194625 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few readily modifiable risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer; pre-clinical studies suggest bisphosphonates could have chemo-preventive actions. Our study aimed to assess the association between use of nitrogen-based bisphosphonate medicine and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer, overall and by histotype. METHODS We conducted a case-control study nested within a large linked administrative dataset including all Australian women enrolled for Medicare, Australia's universal health insurance scheme, between July 2002 and December 2013. We included all women with epithelial ovarian cancer diagnosed at age 50 years and older between 1st July 2004 and 31st December 2013 (n = 9,367) and randomly selected up to five controls per case, individually matched to cases by age, state of residence, area-level socioeconomic status, and remoteness of residence category (n = 46,830). We used prescription records to ascertain use of nitrogen-based bisphosphonates (ever use and duration of use), raloxifene and other osteoporosis medicines (non-nitrogen-based bisphosphonates, strontium and denosumab). We calculated adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS Ever use of nitrogen-based bisphosphonates was associated with a reduced risk of epithelial ovarian cancer compared to non-use (OR = 0.81, 95%CI : 0.75-0.88). There was a reduced risk of both endometrioid (OR = 0.51, 95%CI : 0.33-0.79) and serous histotypes (OR = 0.84, 95%CI : 0.75-0.93), but no association with the mucinous or clear cell histotypes. CONCLUSION Use of nitrogen-based bisphosphonates was associated with a reduced risk of endometrioid and serous ovarian cancer. This suggests the potential for use for prevention, although validation of our findings is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Tuesley
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Penelope M Webb
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Melinda M Protani
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katrina Spilsbury
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | | | - Michael D Coory
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Donovan
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christopher Steer
- Border Medical Oncology, Albury-Wodonga Regional Cancer Centre, Albury, Australia.,University of NSW Rural Clinical School, Albury Campus, Albury, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louise M Stewart
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Nirmala Pandeya
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Susan J Jordan
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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