Non‐hepatotropic viral hepatitis and its causative pathogens: The ongoing need for monitoring in children with severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology

Clinical epidemiology of adenovirus pneumonia among Chinese hospitalized children

Adenovirus pneumonia is a prevalent form of community-acquired pneumonia among children. Research on the epidemiology and economic burden of this disease is crucial for public health, yet comprehensive data remains scarce, making it crucial to highlight on this topic. In this study, the data were extracted from the face sheet of discharge medical records collected from 26 tertiary children's hospitals from January 2016 to December 2021. In total, 1854 children with laboratory-confirmed adenovirus pneumonia were hospitalized, accounting for 0.13% of the total number of hospitalized for pneumonia in the database during the period. In addition, this figure represents a meager 0.027% when compared to the total number of hospitalized children. The male-to-female ratio was 1.78:1. The 1-3-year age group had the highest number of inpatients for adenoviral pneumonia and the largest proportion of the total hospitalizations in the same age group. Overall, winter is the primary season for the prevalence of adenovirus pneumonia, however, in southern China, there are two peak seasons, winter and summer. Although patients with 3/4 adenovirus pneumonia had no significant complications, some patients had complications such as respiratory failure, diarrhea, and myocardial damage. The median length of stay of adenovirus pneumonia was 8 d [interquartile range (IQR) 6-11], and the median hospitalization cost was 1293.83 United States dollars (IQR 811.81-2472.51). These valuable epidemiological insights into adenovirus pneumonia in Chinese children can help direct the development of targeted prevention and control strategies and surveillance measures for HAdV infections in this demographic.

Emerging Pathogens Causing Acute Hepatitis

Acute hepatitis is defined as an inflammation or injury in the hepatocytes that continues for a short period of time (less than 6 months) [...].

Alzheimer's disease as a viral disease: Revisiting the infectious hypothesis

Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the most frequent type of dementia in elderly people. Two major forms of the disease exist: sporadic - the causes of which have not yet been fully understood - and familial - inherited within families from generation to generation, with a clear autosomal dominant transmission of mutations in Presenilin 1 (PSEN1), 2 (PSEN2) or Amyloid Precursors Protein (APP) genes. The main hallmark of AD consists of extracellular deposits of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide and intracellular deposits of the hyperphosphorylated form of the tau protein. An ever-growing body of research supports the viral infectious hypothesis of sporadic forms of AD. In particular, it has been shown that several herpes viruses (i.e., HHV-1, HHV-2, HHV-3 or varicella zoster virus, HHV-4 or Epstein Barr virus, HHV-5 or cytomegalovirus, HHV-6A and B, HHV-7), flaviviruses (i.e., Zika virus, Dengue fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus) as well as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), hepatitis viruses (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV), SARS-CoV2, Ljungan virus (LV), Influenza A virus and Borna disease virus, could increase the risk of AD. Here, we summarized and discussed these results. Based on these findings, significant issues for future studies are also put forward.