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Doyle L. Extrusion foaming behavior of polybutene‐1. Toward
single‐material
multifunctional sandwich structures. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Doyle
- Infrastructural Engineering HafenCity University Hamburg Germany
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2
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Yousfi M, Dadouche T, Chomat D, Samuel C, Soulestin J, Lacrampe MF, Krawczak P. Development of nanofibrillar morphologies in poly(l-lactide)/poly(amide) blends: role of the matrix elasticity and identification of the critical shear rate for the nodular/fibrillar transition. RSC Adv 2018; 8:22023-22041. [PMID: 35541708 PMCID: PMC9081284 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03339k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-based poly(l-lactide)/poly(amide-11) blends (PLA/PA11, 80/20 w/w) and poly(l-lactide)/poly(amide-6) blends (PLA/PA6, 80/20 w/w) are processed by twin-screw extrusion followed by injection-moulding and key rheological parameters controlling their morphologie are investigated. The same work is done using the same PLA modified by a multi-step reactive extrusion route with an epoxy-based chain extender to obtain modified poly(lactide)/poly(amide-11) (PLA-j/PA11 80/20 w/w) blends. The morphologies of the extruded materials and of the injection moulded parts are characterized by SEM and their formation is deeply discussed via rheological investigation to highlight the contribution of viscosity, elasticity and interfacial tension. The existence of a critical shear rate related to the transition from nodular to fibrillar morphology is highlighted and the results are in good agreement with the condition of fibrillation Ca/Ca(crit) ≥ 4. Interestingly, with the exception of PLA/PA6 specimens, all blends obviously display uniform thin-thread fibrillar morphologies after injection-moulding. Compared with pure PLA, a drastic increase of the ductility was observed in the blends exhibiting a fiberlike structure without meanwhile sacrificing the stiffness. This study confirms that, through the appropriate choice of blend components (viscosity and elasticity ratio, flow conditions, interfacial tensions) the in situ fibrillation concept provides access, at a reasonable cost, to new materials with improved thermomechanical performances, without sacrificing weight and ability to be recycled. A critical share rate exists, above which the droplet/fibril transition occurs during the injection moulding process. The elasticity ratio controls the morphology formation as well as the viscosity ratio and the interfacial tension.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Yousfi
- IMT Lille Douai
- Institut Mines-Télecom
- Department of Polymer and Composite Technology & Mechanical Engineering (TPCIM)
- F-59508 Douai
- France
| | - T. Dadouche
- IMT Lille Douai
- Institut Mines-Télecom
- Department of Polymer and Composite Technology & Mechanical Engineering (TPCIM)
- F-59508 Douai
- France
| | - D. Chomat
- IMT Lille Douai
- Institut Mines-Télecom
- Department of Polymer and Composite Technology & Mechanical Engineering (TPCIM)
- F-59508 Douai
- France
| | - C. Samuel
- IMT Lille Douai
- Institut Mines-Télecom
- Department of Polymer and Composite Technology & Mechanical Engineering (TPCIM)
- F-59508 Douai
- France
| | - J. Soulestin
- IMT Lille Douai
- Institut Mines-Télecom
- Department of Polymer and Composite Technology & Mechanical Engineering (TPCIM)
- F-59508 Douai
- France
| | - M.-F. Lacrampe
- IMT Lille Douai
- Institut Mines-Télecom
- Department of Polymer and Composite Technology & Mechanical Engineering (TPCIM)
- F-59508 Douai
- France
| | - P. Krawczak
- IMT Lille Douai
- Institut Mines-Télecom
- Department of Polymer and Composite Technology & Mechanical Engineering (TPCIM)
- F-59508 Douai
- France
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3
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Xanthos M, Zhang Q, Dey SK, Li Y, Yilmazer U, O'Shea M. Effects of Resin Rheology on the Extrusion Foaming Characteristics of PET. J CELL PLAST 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x9803400602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Extrusion foaming by injection of inert gases (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon) in the polymer melt is increasingly finding applications for a wide variety of resins, competing with chemical blowing agents, volatile organic compounds or microcellular foaming. The molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the resin affect its rheological characteristics (shear and elongational viscosity, melt elasticity, melt strength), its process characteristics and control cell size and stability of the resulting foam. In the present work, a variety of PET resins (including virgin materials, recycled and post-reactor modified) having different rheological characteristics were foamed by direct carbon dioxide injection and through the use of chemical blowing agents. Formability as related to density and cell size and distribution was evaluated and correlated with rheological characteristics of the particular resin, process conditions and type of blowing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Xanthos
- Polymer Processing Institute, Castle Point on the Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030 and NJ Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102
| | - Q. Zhang
- Polymer Processing Institute, Castle Point on the Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030 and NJ Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102
| | - S. K. Dey
- Polymer Processing Institute, Castle Point on the Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030 and NJ Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102
| | - Y. Li
- Polymer Processing Institute, Castle Point on the Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030 and NJ Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102
| | - U. Yilmazer
- Polymer Processing Institute, Castle Point on the Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030 and NJ Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102
| | - M. O'Shea
- Cooperative Research Center for Polymers, Notting Hill, Victoria 3168, Australia
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4
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Sun X, Shen G, Shen H, Xie B, Yang W, Yang M. Co-crystallization of Blends of High-density Polyethylene with Linear Low-density Polyethylene: An Investigation with Successive Self-nucleation and Annealing (SSA) Technique. J MACROMOL SCI B 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2013.768504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- a College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu Sichuan , China
| | - Guanghao Shen
- a College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu Sichuan , China
| | - Hongwang Shen
- a College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu Sichuan , China
| | - Banghu Xie
- a College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu Sichuan , China
| | - Wei Yang
- a College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu Sichuan , China
| | - Mingbo Yang
- a College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu Sichuan , China
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5
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Shen HW, Xie BH, Yang W, Yang MB. Thermal and rheological properties of polyethylene blends with bimodal molecular weight distribution. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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Shen HW, Luan T, Xie BH, Yang W, Yang MB. Rheological behaviors and molecular weight distribution characteristics of bimodal high-density polyethylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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7
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Sun X, Shen H, Xie B, Yang W, Yang M. Fracture behavior of bimodal polyethylene: Effect of molecular weight distribution characteristics. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Determination of viscoelastic property in polyethylene crystallization using a quartz crystal resonator. SENSORS 2009; 9:9544-58. [PMID: 22303138 PMCID: PMC3267186 DOI: 10.3390/s91209544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new generalized relationship between the viscoelastic properties of an overlayer placed on the electrode interface of a quartz crystal resonator and its resonant characteristic is developed from the mechanics of the quartz movement. The relationship is used to estimate the viscoelastic properties from the experimentally measured resonant characteristic. It is utilized in the estimation of viscosity and elastic shear modulus of a polyethylene overlayer during its crystallization. The measurements are compared with the viscosity and elastic shear modulus of a polyethylene melt measured using a rheometer. It is found that the development of this study is useful in the determination of viscoelastic property of polymer materials by measuring the resonant frequency and conductance of the polymer overlayer placed on the resonator electrode.
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Kalkar AK, Deshpande AA, Kulkarni MJ. In situ composites from blends of polycarbonate and a thermotropic liquid-crystalline polymer: The influence of the processing temperature on the rheology, morphology, and mechanical properties of injection-molded microcomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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11
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??uintans J, Xanthos M, Dey SK, Yilmazer U. Melt viscoelasticity of polyethylene terephthalate resins for low density extrusion foaming. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.11186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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13
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Shan CLP, Soares JB, Penlidis A. HDPE/LLDPE reactor blends with bimodal microstructures—Part II: rheological properties. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00721-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Guimarães MJOC, Coutinho FMB, Rocha MCG, Farah M, Bretas RES. Rheological and morphological properties of high-density polyethylene and poly(ethylene-octene) blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Hsieh T, Tiu C, Hsieh K, Simon GP. Characterization of thermotropic liquid crystalline polyester/polycarbonate blends: Miscibility, rheology, and free volume behavior. J Appl Polym Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-4628(20000906)77:10<2319::aid-app26>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung‐Tang Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia 3168
| | - Carlos Tiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia 3168
| | - Kuo‐Huang Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - George P. Simon
- Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia 3168
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16
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Yilmazer U, Xanthos M, Bayram G, Tan V. Viscoelastic characteristics of chain extended/branched and linear polyethylene terephthalate resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(20000314)75:11<1371::aid-app8>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Covas JA, Machado AV, Van Duin M. Rheology of PA-6/EPM/EPM-g-MA blends along a twin-screw extruder. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1098-2329(200024)19:4<260::aid-adv3>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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