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Aswathy T, Mohan S, Kalaivendhan T, Adhil AM. Evaluating the efficiency of functionalized zinc oxide based curing system for polychloroprene composites and analyzing its effect on curing, physical, and morphological properties for the application in specialty power transmission belts. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33275. [PMID: 39035515 PMCID: PMC11259838 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Polychloroprene rubber (CR) is one of the most abundantly used elastomer in power transmission belt section due to its excellent oil resistance, weather resistance, antistatic and dynamic properties. However, due to the negative impact of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) used with CR rubber towards marine environment, it is necessary to minimize the use of ZnO in CR based rubber compounds. Functionalized-ZnO(F-ZnO) being emerged as a suitable replacement for regular ZnO in rubber compounding, the effect of F-ZnO on the curing, mechanical and morphological properties of polychloroprene (CR) based composites to use in power transmission belt applications are evaluated in this work. The curing properties of F-ZnO based composites were characterized using various techniques and results were reported as a comparison with the properties of conventional ZnO (C- ZnO) based CR composites. Properties of various ZnO were analyzed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis and Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) studies. The replacement of C-ZnO with F-ZnO help to reduce 80 % of Zn content from the end products without effecting the cure time and cross-link density of the same. 5 PHR of C- ZnO from regular compound is replaced with 1 and 3 Phr of F-ZnO and its effect on power transmission belt properties were analyzed thoroughly.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.R. Aswathy
- JK Fenner (India) Limited, Kochadai, Madurai, 625016, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Mohan
- JK Fenner (India) Limited, Kochadai, Madurai, 625016, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T. Kalaivendhan
- JK Fenner (India) Limited, Kochadai, Madurai, 625016, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A. Mohammed Adhil
- JK Fenner (India) Limited, Kochadai, Madurai, 625016, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zou H, Jing Y, Tu J, Shi X, Kadlcak J, Yong Z, Liu S, Liu G. Investigation on the mechanical properties and oil resistance of sulfur cured nitrile rubber/hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao China
| | - Yuanrong Jing
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao China
| | - Jieyun Tu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao China
| | - Xinghui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao China
| | | | - Zhanfu Yong
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao China
| | - Susu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao China
| | - Guangyong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao China
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Aswathy TR, Bhattacharya AB, Dash B, Dey P, Nair S, Naskar K. Assessment of various nano‐clays in bromobutyl rubber hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber blend for improved gas barrier applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. R. Aswathy
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal India
| | | | | | | | | | - Kinsuk Naskar
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal India
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Verdier N, Lepage D, Prébé A, Aymé-Perrot D, Dollé M, Rochefort D. Crosslinker free thermally induced crosslinking of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Verdier
- Départment de Chimie; Université de Montréal, CP6128 Succursale Centre-Ville; Montréal Canada H3T1J4
| | - David Lepage
- Départment de Chimie; Université de Montréal, CP6128 Succursale Centre-Ville; Montréal Canada H3T1J4
| | - Arnaud Prébé
- Hutchinson, 3600 boulevard du Tricentenaire; Montréal Québec Canada H1B 5M8
| | | | - Mickaël Dollé
- Départment de Chimie; Université de Montréal, CP6128 Succursale Centre-Ville; Montréal Canada H3T1J4
| | - Dominic Rochefort
- Départment de Chimie; Université de Montréal, CP6128 Succursale Centre-Ville; Montréal Canada H3T1J4
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Razak JA, Ahmad SH, Ratnam CT, Mahamood MA, Yaakub J, Mohamad N. Effects of EPDM- g-MAH compatibilizer and internal mixer processing parameters on the properties of NR/EPDM blends: An analysis using response surface methodology. J Appl Polym Sci 2015; 132:n/a-n/a. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeefferie Abd Razak
- School of Applied Physics; Faculty of Science and Technology; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia
- Engineering Materials Department; Carbon Research Technology Research Group, Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka; Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal Melaka Malaysia
| | - Sahrim Haji Ahmad
- School of Applied Physics; Faculty of Science and Technology; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - Chantara Thevy Ratnam
- Composites and Polymer Blends Group; Radiation Processing Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency; Bangi 43000 Kajang Malaysia
| | - Mazlin Aida Mahamood
- Engineering Materials Department; Carbon Research Technology Research Group, Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka; Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal Melaka Malaysia
| | - Juliana Yaakub
- Engineering Materials Department; Carbon Research Technology Research Group, Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka; Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal Melaka Malaysia
| | - Noraiham Mohamad
- Engineering Materials Department; Carbon Research Technology Research Group, Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka; Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal Melaka Malaysia
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Han KY, Zuo HR, Zhu ZW, Cao GP, Lu C, Wang YH. High Performance of Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotubes for the Hydrogenation of Commercial Polystyrene. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie401184h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yue Han
- UNILAB,
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hao-Ran Zuo
- UNILAB,
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhen-Wei Zhu
- UNILAB,
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Gui-Ping Cao
- UNILAB,
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chong Lu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yan-Hua Wang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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7
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Siddaramaiah, Kumar MNS, Nando GB. Rheological and mechanical properties of poly (ethylene acrylic acid) and low density polyethylene blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Olivetti EA, Gaustad GG, Field FR, Kirchain RE. Increasing secondary and renewable material use: a chance constrained modeling approach to manage feedstock quality variation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:4118-4126. [PMID: 21466183 DOI: 10.1021/es103486s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The increased use of secondary (i.e., recycled) and renewable resources will likely be key toward achieving sustainable materials use. Unfortunately, these strategies share a common barrier to economical implementation - increased quality variation compared to their primary and synthetic counterparts. Current deterministic process-planning models overestimate the economic impact of this increased variation. This paper shows that for a range of industries from biomaterials to inorganics, managing variation through a chance-constrained (CC) model enables increased use of such variable raw materials, or heterogeneous feedstocks (hF), over conventional, deterministic models. An abstract, analytical model and a quantitative model applied to an industrial case of aluminum recycling were used to explore the limits and benefits of the CC formulation. The results indicate that the CC solution can reduce cost and increase potential hF use across a broad range of production conditions through raw materials diversification. These benefits increase where the hFs exhibit mean quality performance close to that of the more homogeneous feedstocks (often the primary and synthetic materials) or have large quality variability. In terms of operational context, the relative performance grows as intolerance for batch error increases and as the opportunity to diversify the raw material portfolio increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa A Olivetti
- Materials Systems Laboratory, Engineering Systems Division, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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Simma K, Rempel GL, Prasassarakich P. Improving thermal and ozone stability of skim natural rubber by diimide reduction. Polym Degrad Stab 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Hinchiranan N, Lertweerasirikun W, Poonsawad W, Rempel GL, Prasassarakich P. Cure characteristics and mechanical properties of hydrogenated natural rubber/natural rubber blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Gururajan G, Froude V, Riutta S, Thomas A, Gao I, Samuels SL, Massouda DF, Weinberg M, Ogale AA. Effect of poly(ethylene methyl acrylate) copolymer on thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties of polypropylene copolymer blown films. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Šebenik U, Zupančič-Valant A, Krajnc M. Investigation of rubber–rubber blends miscibility. POLYM ENG SCI 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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