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Haji Seyed Javadi N, Heydari S, Hajimohammadi A. Evaluating Effectiveness of Multi-Component Waste Plastic Bags on Bitumen Properties: Physical, Rheological, and Aging. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1669. [PMID: 38932018 PMCID: PMC11207404 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examines the applicability of an unknown composition waste plastic bag sample as bitumen modifier. The waste components were initially characterized to identify the type of plastics and the level of impurity. Asphalt binder performance was examined for rutting, thermal, and age resistance. The results revealed that the waste plastic bags, predominantly consisted of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) and contained 6.1% impurities. The binder tests indicated that the waste plastic bags enhanced the rutting resistance of bitumen by one grade, with its modification more similar to LLDPE, rather than LDPE. The thermal degradation and aging properties of the modified binders demonstrated that the bitumen modified by the waste plastic bags exhibited slightly lower resistance to temperature and aging compared to virgin LDPE and LLDPE. This was attributed to the impurities contained in the waste plastic. In conclusion, the analyzed waste plastic bags proved to be suitable for use in binder modification, presenting a viable alternative to virgin LLDPE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ailar Hajimohammadi
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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2
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Blown Composite Films of Low-Density/Linear-Low-Density Polyethylene and Silica Aerogel for Transparent Heat Retention Films and Influence of Silica Aerogel on Biaxial Properties. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155314. [PMID: 35955248 PMCID: PMC9369760 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Blown films based on low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and silica aerogel (SA; 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt.%) were obtained at the pilot scale. Good particle dispersion and distribution were achieved without thermo oxidative degradation. The effects of different SA contents (0.5–1.5 wt.%) were studied to prepare transparent-heat-retention LDPE/LLDPE films with improved material properties, while maintaining the optical performance. The optical characteristics of the composite films were analyzed using methods such as ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Their mechanical characteristics were examined along the machine and transverse directions (MD and TD, respectively). The MD film performance was better, and the 0.5% composition exhibited the highest stress at break. The crystallization kinetics of the LDPE/LLDPE blends and their composites containing different SA loadings were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, which revealed that the crystallinity of LDPE/LLDPE was increased by 0.5 wt.% of well-dispersed SA acting as a nucleating agent and decreased by agglomerated SA (1–1.5 wt.%). The LDPE/LLDPE/SA (0.5–1.5 wt.%) films exhibited improved infrared retention without compromising the visible light transmission, proving the potential of this method for producing next-generation heat retention films. Moreover, these films were biaxially drawn at 13.72 MPa, and the introduction of SA resulted in lower draw ratios in both the MD and TD. Most of the results were explained in terms of changes in the biaxial crystallization caused by the process or the influence of particles on the process after a systematic experimental investigation. The issues were strongly related to the development of blown nanocomposites films as materials for the packaging industry.
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Rheological properties of high-density polyethylene/linear low-density polyethylene and high-density polyethylene/low-density polyethylene blends. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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4
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Zare Y, Rhee KY. Prediction of loss factor (tan δ) for polymer nanocomposites as a function of yield tress, relaxation time and the width of transition region between Newtonian and power-law behaviors. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 96:136-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hosseinabadi M, Ghetmiri M, Dindarloo AS, Jahani Y. Polyacetal/Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Blends and Their Nanocomposites Morphological and Rheological Behavior as a Tertiary Blend. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x18070039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sangroniz A, Sangroniz L, Aranburu N, Fernández M, Santamaria A, Iriarte M, Etxeberria A. Blends of biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) with poly(hydroxi amino ether) for packaging applications: Miscibility, rheology and transport properties. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Coulson M, Quiroga Cortés L, Dantras E, Lonjon A, Lacabanne C. Dynamic rheological behavior of poly(ether ketone ketone) from solid state to melt state. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mike Coulson
- CIRIMAT; Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Physique des Polymères; Toulouse cedex 09 31062 France
| | - Luis Quiroga Cortés
- CIRIMAT; Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Physique des Polymères; Toulouse cedex 09 31062 France
| | - Eric Dantras
- CIRIMAT; Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Physique des Polymères; Toulouse cedex 09 31062 France
| | - Antoine Lonjon
- CIRIMAT; Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Physique des Polymères; Toulouse cedex 09 31062 France
| | - Colette Lacabanne
- CIRIMAT; Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Physique des Polymères; Toulouse cedex 09 31062 France
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Saffar A, Jalali Dil E, Carreau PJ, Ajji A, Kamal MR. Phase behavior of binary blends of PP/PP-g
-AA: limitations of the conventional characterization techniques. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Saffar
- Research Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems (CREPEC), Chemical Engineering Department; Polytechnique Montreal, PO Box 6079, Stn Centre-Ville, Montreal Quebec Canada H3C 3A7
| | - Ebrahim Jalali Dil
- Research Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems (CREPEC), Chemical Engineering Department; Polytechnique Montreal, PO Box 6079, Stn Centre-Ville, Montreal Quebec Canada H3C 3A7
| | - Pierre J Carreau
- Research Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems (CREPEC), Chemical Engineering Department; Polytechnique Montreal, PO Box 6079, Stn Centre-Ville, Montreal Quebec Canada H3C 3A7
| | - Abdellah Ajji
- Research Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems (CREPEC), Chemical Engineering Department; Polytechnique Montreal, PO Box 6079, Stn Centre-Ville, Montreal Quebec Canada H3C 3A7
| | - Musa R Kamal
- CREPEC, Department of Chemical Engineering; McGill University; 3610 University Street Montreal Quebec Canada H3A 2B2
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Barczewski M, Sterzyński T, Dutkiewicz M. Thermo-rheological properties and miscibility of linear low-density polyethylene-silsesquioxane nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Barczewski
- Polymer Processing Division; Institute of Materials Technology, Poznań University of Technology; 61-138 Poznań Poland
| | - Tomasz Sterzyński
- Polymer Processing Division; Institute of Materials Technology, Poznań University of Technology; 61-138 Poznań Poland
| | - Michał Dutkiewicz
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan; 60-780 Poznan Poland
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Vicente-Alique E, Vega JF, Robledo N, Nieto J, Martínez-Salazar J. Study of the effect of the molecular architecture of the components on the melt rheological properties of polyethylene blends. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-015-0705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Khonakdar HA. Branching degree and rheological response correlation in peroxide-modified linear low-density polyethylene. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ali Khonakdar
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute; 14965/115 Tehran Iran
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research; D-01067 Dresden Germany
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Dordinejad AK, Jafari SH. Miscibility analysis in LLDPE/LDPE blends via thermorheological analysis: Correlation with branching structure. POLYM ENG SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdol Kamal Dordinejad
- School of Chemical Engineering; College of Engineering, University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Jafari
- School of Chemical Engineering; College of Engineering, University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
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Dordinejad AK, Jafari SH. A qualitative assessment of long chain branching content in LLDPE, LDPE and their blends via thermorheological analysis. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdol Kamal Dordinejad
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran; Tehran; Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Jafari
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran; Tehran; Iran
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Delgadillo-Velázquez O, Hatzikiriakos SG. Capillary Extrusion Studies of LLDPE/LDPE Blends: Effects of Manufacturing Technology of LLDPE and Long Chain Branching. INT POLYM PROC 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/217.2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The processing behavior of a number of LLDPE/LDPE blends with emphasis on the effects of manufacturing technology of LLDPE and long chain branching is presented. A single low-density polyethylene was blended with two Ziegler-Natta linear-low-density polyethylenes LLDPE's and two metallocene-LLDPE's having distinctly different molecular structures. The weight fractions of the LDPEs used in the blends were 1 wt.%, 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 50 wt.% and 75 wt.%. Capillary extrusion reveals that the onset of sharkskin and gross melt fracture are slightly influenced with the addition of LDPE into LLDPE. However, the amplitude of the oscillations in the stick-slip flow regime was found to scale well with the weight fraction of LDPE even at amounts as low as 1 wt.%. Furthermore, it was observed that the onset of this flow regime was shifted to higher shear rates with increase of LDPE content. Shear rheology was found to be insensitive to detect small levels of LDPE. On the other hand, extensional rheology was found to be capable of detecting levels of LDPE as low as 1 wt.% at high Hencky strain rates (typically greater than 5 s−1) although only for certain blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Delgadillo-Velázquez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S. G. Hatzikiriakos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Mohammadi M, Yousefi AA, Ehsani M. Thermorheological analysis of blend of high- and low-density polyethylenes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-011-9798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Taglialatela Scafati S, Boragno L, Losio S, Limbo S, Castellano M, Sacchi MC, Stagnaro P. Modulation of barrier properties of monolayer films from blends of polyethylene with ethylene-co-norbornene. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Compatibilised LDPE/LLDPE/nanoclay nanocomposites: I. Structural, mechanical, and thermal properties. CAN J CHEM ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.20377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Mojarrad A, Jahani Y, Barikani M. Investigation on the correlation between rheology and morphology of PA6/ABS blends using ethylene acrylate terpolymer as compatibilizer. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Composition-dependent phase segregation and cocrystallization behaviors of blends of metallocene-catalyzed octene-LLDPE(D) and LDPE(H). POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Robledo N, Vega JF, Nieto J, Martínez-Salazar J. Role of the interface in the melt-rheology properties of linear low-density polyethylene/low-density polyethylene blends: Effect of the molecular architecture of the dispersed phase. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Study of the viscoelastic properties of PC/ABS blend containing triphenyl phosphate and nanoclay and its correlation with morphology. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Bai L, Li YM, Yang W, Yang MB. Rheological behavior and mechanical properties of high-density polyethylene blends with different molecular weights. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Frederix C, Lefebvre J, Rochas C, Séguéla R, Stoclet G. Binary blends of linear ethylene copolymers over a wide crystallinity range: Rheology, crystallization, melting and structure properties. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Tabatabaei SH, Carreau PJ, Ajji A. Rheological properties of blends of linear and long-chain branched polypropylenes. POLYM ENG SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Tabatabaei SH, Carreau PJ, Ajji A. Rheological and thermal properties of blends of a long-chain branched polypropylene and different linear polypropylenes. Chem Eng Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2009.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Robledo N, Vega JF, Nieto J, Martínez-Salazar J. The role of the interface in melt linear viscoelastic properties of LLDPE/LDPE blends: Effect of the molecular architecture of the matrix. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Delgadillo-Velázquez O, Hatzikiriakos SG, Sentmanat M. Thermorheological properties of LLDPE/LDPE blends: Effects of production technology of LLDPE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Cárdenas MA, Perera R, Villarreal N, Rosales C, Pastor JM. In situ fiber composites based on metallocene polyethylene matrices. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Delgadillo-Velázquez O, Hatzikiriakos S. Processability of LLDPE/LDPE blends: Capillary extrusion studies. POLYM ENG SCI 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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McCallum TJ, Kontopoulou M, Park CB, Muliawan EB, Hatzikiriakos SG. The rheological and physical properties of linear and branched polypropylene blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Hameed T, Hussein IA. Melt Miscibility and Mechanical Properties of Metallocene LLDPE blends with HDPE: Influence of Mw of LLDPE. Polym J 2006. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.pj2005254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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