1
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Ääritalo T, Tirri T, Aubert M, Wilen CE. Synthesis of Silylamine and Siloxyamine Compounds: A Novel Approach to Flame Retardancy of Polypropylene and Epoxy resins. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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2
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Gupta P, Toksha B, Patel B, Rushiya Y, Das P, Rahaman M. Recent Developments and Research Avenues for Polymers in Electric Vehicles. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200186. [PMID: 35959940 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Plastics have been an indispensable material of choice in automobiles with wide range of applications such as interior, exterior, under the hood, and lighting/wiring applications. The prime motive of inclusion of these materials is increase in fuel efficiency and reduction in carbon footprint by replacing the energy intensive metallic counterparts. The current decade i. e., the 2020s has seen a recent surge in the sales of electronic vehicles. Although these numbers are promising, the growth in the rest of the parts of the world is not encouraging. It is primarily due to the skepticism involving battery life and efficiency, profitability, and environmental footprint when compared to conventional and hybrid vehicles. Also, a more concerted effort is needed in the lagging areas in order to install the required infrastructure. The emergence of plastics in the development and acceptance of e-vehicles is going to be pivotal especially when the efficiency and profitability are considered as they give the required freedom to the engineers for the design and development of various parts and sizes by replacing the bulkier and more dense materials. Also, the research on bionanocomposites has received great interest from the research community due to their versatility in application along with their eco-friendly nature throughout the lifecycle starting from feedstock up to end-of-life treatment. This review paper will be one of its kind to present a critical review of the recent developments of polymers suitable for use in e-vehicles. Also, a comprehensive discussion comprising of newer research areas for polymers in their use for e-vehicles will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Gupta
- MIT - Centre for Advanced Materials Research and Technology, Department of Plastic and Polymer Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, 431010, India
| | - Bhagwan Toksha
- MIT - Centre for Advanced Materials Research and Technology, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, 431010, India
| | - Bhargav Patel
- Department of Plastic and Polymer Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, 431010, India
| | - Yash Rushiya
- Department of Plastic and Polymer Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, 431010, India
| | - Paramita Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Mostafizur Rahaman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Possenti GVB, de Souza AV, Battisti R, Dominguini JCM, Dominguini L, Soares C, Riella HG. Preparation and Purification of a Flame-Retardant Polyphenylphosphonate Containing 4,4'-Dihydroxybenzophenone. CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht16.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A polyphenylphosphonate containing 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone was synthesized as a flame retardant. However, impurities were detected and may compromise its properties and thermal stability. Thus, a purification route based on water and hexane extraction with reflux was proposed. Results showed success in removing impurities, especially P–Cl groups, without damaging the polymer.
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4
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Fang M, Qian J, Wang X, Chen Z, Guo R, Shi Y. Synthesis of a Novel Flame Retardant Containing Phosphorus, Nitrogen, and Silicon and Its Application in Epoxy Resin. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:7094-7105. [PMID: 33748623 PMCID: PMC7970578 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel flame retardant (TDA) containing phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon was synthesized successfully via a controllable ring-opening addition reaction between 1,3,5-triglycidyl isocyanurate, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide, and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and TDA was then blended with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A to prepare flame-retardant epoxy resins (EPs). The chemical structure and components of TDA were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicated that after the introduction of TDA, cured EP maintained good thermal stability with a minimum initial decomposition temperature of 337.6 °C, and the char yields of a EP/TDA-5 sample significantly increased by 76.2% compared with that of the neat EP thermoset. Additionally, with the addition of 25.0 wt % TDA (1.05 wt % phosphorus loading), the limited oxygen index value of cured EP increased from 22.5% of pure EP to 33.4%, and vertical burning V-0 rating was easily achieved. Meanwhile, after the incorporation of TDA, the total heat release and total smoke production of the EP/TDA-5 sample obviously reduced by 28.9 and 27.7% in the cone calorimeter test, respectively. Flame-retardant performances and flame-retardant mechanisms were further analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, energy-dispersive spectrometry, and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results reveal that the synergistic effect of phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon plays an excellent flame-retardant role in both gaseous and condensed phases. In addition, the mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of cured EP thermosets are well maintained rather than destroyed. All the results demonstrate that TDA endows epoxy resin with excellent flame retardancy and possesses great promise in the industrial field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Fang
- Key
Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related
Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of
Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Key
Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related
Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of
Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuezhi Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related
Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of
Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related
Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of
Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ruilin Guo
- Key
Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related
Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of
Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yifeng Shi
- Hangzhou
Rongfang Pressure Sensitive New Material Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200237, China
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5
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Yan J, Xu M. Design, synthesis and application of a highly efficient mono-component intumescent flame retardant for non-charring polyethylene composites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Li A, Mao P, Liang B. The application of a phosphorus nitrogen flame retardant curing agent in epoxy resin. E-POLYMERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2019-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn order to improve the compatibility of flame retardant and epoxy resin, a phosphorus nitrogen flame retardant curing agent poly(p-xylylenediamine spirocyclic pentaerythritol bisphosphonate) (PPXSPB) was synthesized. FTIR, 1HNMR, and mass spectroscopy were used to identify the chemical structure of PPXSPB. Epoxy resin (E-44) and PPXSPB as the raw material, a series of thermosetting systems were prepared. The effects of PPXSPB on flame retardancy, water resistance, thermal degradation behavior, mechanical properties and the adhesive strength of EP/PPXSPB thermosets were investigated. The results show that with the increase of phosphorus content, the oxygen index and carbon residue of the system both increased significantly, and the heat release rate gradually decreased, which is of great significance in delaying the occurrence of fire. When the phosphorus content is 3.24% in EP/PPXSPB thermosets, EP-2 can successfully pass the UL94 V-0 flammability rating, the LOI value of EP-2 can reach 31.4%, the impact strength and tensile strength was 6.58 kJ/m2 and 47.10 MPa respectively, and the adhesive strength was 13.79 MPa, the system presents a good overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anxin Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang110870, China
| | - Pingli Mao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang110870, China
| | - Bing Liang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang110142, China
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7
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He J, Hou D, Ma H, Li X, Li D. Preparation of phosphorus-containing cyanate resin with low curing temperature while excellent flame resistance and dielectric properties. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2019.1591161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Defa Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanbing Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuyun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People’s Republic of China
- Shock and Vibration of Engineering Materials and Structures Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Zhou J, Xu M, Zhang X, Leng Y, He Y, Li B. Preparation of highly efficient flame retardant unsaturated polyester resin by exerting the fire resistant effect in gaseous and condensed phase simultaneously. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingshang Zhou
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of ScienceNortheast Forestry University Harbin 150040 People's Republic of China
| | - Miaojun Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of ScienceNortheast Forestry University Harbin 150040 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of ScienceNortheast Forestry University Harbin 150040 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Leng
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of ScienceNortheast Forestry University Harbin 150040 People's Republic of China
| | - Yintong He
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of ScienceNortheast Forestry University Harbin 150040 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of ScienceNortheast Forestry University Harbin 150040 People's Republic of China
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9
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Li A, Mao P, Liang B. The effect of a novel phosphorus-nitrogen reactive flame retardant curing agent on the performance of epoxy resin. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2018.1560226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anxin Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Pingli Mao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bing Liang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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10
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Dong M, Wu B, Xu S, Hu P. Synergistic Effect of Hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene and Aluminium Tri-Hydroxide on Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression of Epoxy Resin. Aust J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/ch17594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Flame retardancy and smoke suppression of polymer materials are key problems to be considered for applications that have a potential fire hazard. This study selected hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (HPCTP) and aluminium tri-hydroxide (ATH) powder as an integrated flame retardant treatment in epoxy resin (EP) which is usually used as the matrix of a composite. The characteristics of flame retardancy and smoke suppression were investigated. The results showed that when treated with HPCTP and ATH, the resin exhibits superior properties, resisting flame development and smoke release. Based on analysis of the surface structure of the burned materials by scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it was confirmed that HPCTP and ATH can attract a lot of heat to slow down decomposition of the resin and produce a comprehensive protection system consisting of a non-flammable gas and solid phases during burning. Non-flammable gas can reduce the concentration of flammable gas to inhibit combustion. In addition, H2O vapour can also reduce the concentration of flammable gas to inhibit combustion. Meanwhile, solid phase films can insulate air to slow down combustion and smoke release.
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11
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Xu L, Lei C, Xu R, Zhang X, Zhang F. Synergistic effect on flame retardancy and thermal behavior of polycarbonate filled with α-zirconium phosphate@gel-silica. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Xu
- Department of Polymer Materials; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Caihong Lei
- Department of Polymer Materials; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijie Xu
- Department of Polymer Materials; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Polymer Materials; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Research and Development; Kingfa Science and Technology Company, Limited; Guangzhou 510520 People's Republic of China
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12
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Krishnadevi K, Selvaraj V. Development of cyclophosphazene and rice husk ash incorporated epoxy composites for high performance applications. Polym Bull (Berl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-016-1805-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Guo Z, Wang C, Li J, Yao Q. Micro-intumescent flame retardant polyamide 6 based on cyclic phosphate grafting phenol formaldehyde. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zibin Guo
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ningbo Zhejiang 315201 PR China
| | - Chengle Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ningbo Zhejiang 315201 PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ningbo Zhejiang 315201 PR China
| | - Qiang Yao
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ningbo Zhejiang 315201 PR China
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14
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Liang B, Wang G, Hong X, Long J, Tsubaki N. Synthesis and properties of a new halogen-free flame-retardant epoxy resin curing agent. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008315604036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel intumescent flame-retardant curing agent, poly-( meta-xylylenediamine spirocyclic pentaerythritol bisphosphonate) (PMXSPB), was synthesized and subsequently characterized using Fourier transform infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopies. PMXSPB was used as a flame-retardant and curing agent for preparing halogen-free flame-retarded epoxy (EP) resins. The thermal stability, mechanical properties, flame resistance, and morphology of the char layer of flame-retarded EP resins were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, tensile and Charpy impact tests, limiting oxygen index (LOI), the UL94 test, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The results demonstrated that the addition of PMXSPB improved the flame resistance of EP resin composites, and the residual char ratio at 600°C was significantly increased. The flame-retarded composites filling with 3.01% phosphorus content (EP 100 g and PMXSPB 35 g) exhibited the best combination of properties, including a higher glass transition temperature (147°C), good thermal stability, an initial weight loss temperature of 269°C, and an LOI of 31.2. The vertical burning test reached the UL94 V-0 level, and the tensile and impact strengths were 51 MPa and 4.8 kJ m−2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Hong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China
| | - Jiapeng Long
- Liaoning, Red Road Technology Co. Ltd, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
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15
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Liang B, Hong X, Zhu M, Gao C, Wang C, Tsubaki N. Synthesis of novel intumescent flame retardant containing phosphorus, nitrogen and boron and its application in polyethylene. Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-015-1447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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An intumescent flame retardant polypropylene system with simultaneously improved flame retardancy and water resistance. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Benin V, Gardelle B, Morgan AB. Heat release of polyurethanes containing potential flame retardants based on boron and phosphorus chemistries. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Review on flammability of biofibres and biocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 111:149-82. [PMID: 25037340 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The subject on flammability properties of natural fibre-reinforced biopolymer composites has not been broadly researched. This is not only evidenced by the minimal use of biopolymer composites and/or blends in different engineering areas where fire risk and hazard to both human and structures is of critical concern, but also the limited amount of published scientific work on the subject. Therefore, it is necessary to expand knowledge on the flammability properties of biopolymers and add value in widening the range of their application. This paper reviews the literature on the recent developments on flammability studies of bio-fibres, biopolymers and natural fibre-reinforced biocomposites. It also covers the different types of flame retardants (FRs) used and their mechanisms, and discusses the principles and methodology of various flammability testing techniques.
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19
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Lowden L, Hull T. Flammability behaviour of wood and a review of the methods for its reduction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/2193-0414-2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Huang YW, Song ML, Ma JJ, Lu ZY, Yang JX, Cao K. Synthesis of a phosphorus/silicon hybrid and its synergistic effect with melamine polyphosphates on flame retardant polypropylene system. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Zhao W, Li B, Xu M, Zhang L, Liu F, Guan L. Synthesis of a novel flame retardant containing phosphorus and sulfur and its application in polycarbonate. POLYM ENG SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Tang Z, Li Y, Zhang YJ, Jiang P. Oligomeric siloxane containing triphenylphosphonium phosphate as a novel flame retardant for polycarbonate. Polym Degrad Stab 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Zhang W, Li X, Yang R. Flame retardant mechanisms of phosphorus-containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (DOPO-POSS) in polycarbonate composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Chen J, Liu S, Zhao J. Synthesis, application and flame retardancy mechanism of a novel flame retardant containing silicon and caged bicyclic phosphate for polyamide 6. Polym Degrad Stab 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Zhang S, Li B, Lin M, Li Q, Gao S, Yi W. Effect of a novel phosphorus-containing compound on the flame retardancy and thermal degradation of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Zhuo D, Gu A, Liang G, Hu JT, Cao L, Yuan L. Flame retardancy and flame retarding mechanism of high performance hyperbranched polysiloxane modified bismaleimide/cyanate ester resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Hu Z, Chen L, Zhao B, Luo Y, Wang DY, Wang YZ. A novel efficient halogen-free flame retardant system for polycarbonate. Polym Degrad Stab 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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29
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Ni J, Chen L, Zhao K, Hu Y, Song L. Preparation of gel-silica/ammonium polyphosphate core-shell flame retardant and properties of polyurethane composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Zhang Q, Xing H, Sun C, Xiang H, Jiang D, Qin L. The mechanical properties and thermal performances of polypropylene with a novel intumescent flame retardant. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Ren Y, Cheng B, Xu L, Jiang A, Lu Y. Fire-retardant copolymer of acrylonitrile withO,O-diethyl-O-allyl thiophosphate. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Study on thermal decomposition kinetics of N,N′-bis(5,5-dimethyl-2-phospha-2-thio-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)ethylenediamine in air. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11458-009-0023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Hamdani S, Longuet C, Perrin D, Lopez-cuesta JM, Ganachaud F. Flame retardancy of silicone-based materials. Polym Degrad Stab 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wang DY, Cai XX, Qu MH, Liu Y, Wang JS, Wang YZ. Preparation and flammability of a novel intumescent flame-retardant poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) system. Polym Degrad Stab 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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