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Zhao Z, Zhou S, Hrymak AN, Kamal MR, Ai T. Microstructure and orientation evolution of microinjection molded β‐nucleated isotactic polypropylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongguo Zhao
- National and Local Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environment Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Technology Hanzhong China
| | - Shengtai Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Andrew N. Hrymak
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering The University of Western Ontario London Canada
| | - Musa R. Kamal
- Department of Chemical Engineering McGill University Montreal Canada
| | - Taotao Ai
- National and Local Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environment Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Technology Hanzhong China
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Liparoti S, Speranza V, Titomanlio G, Pantani R. Effect of Rapid Mold Heating on the Structure and Performance of Injection-Molded Polypropylene. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020341. [PMID: 32033359 PMCID: PMC7077433 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The tailoring by the process of the properties developed in the plastic objects is the more effective way to improve the sustainability of the plastic objects. The possibility to tailor to the final use the properties developed within the molded object requires further understanding of the relationship between the properties of the plastic objects and the process conduction. One of the main process parameters that allow adjusting the properties of molded objects is the mold temperature. In this work, a thin electrical heater was located below the cavity surface in order to obtain rapid and localized surface heating/cooling cycles during the injection molding process. An isotactic polypropylene was adopted for the molding tests, during which surface temperature was modulated in terms of values and heating times. The modulation of the cavity temperature was found able to control the distribution of relevant morphological characteristics, thus, properties along the sample thickness. In particular, lamellar thickness, crystallinity distribution, and orientation were analyzed by synchrotron X-ray experiments, and the morphology and elastic modulus were characterized by atomic force microscopy acquisitions carried out with a tool for the simultaneous nanomechanical characterization. The crystalline degree slightly increased with the cavity temperature, and this induced an increase in the elastic modulus when high temperatures were adopted for the cavity surface. The cavity temperature strongly influenced the orientation distribution that, on its turn, determined the highest values of the elastic modulus found in the shear layer. Furthermore, although the sample core, not experiencing a strong flow field, was not characterized by high levels of orientation, it might show high values of the elastic modulus if temperature and time during crystallization were sufficient. In particular, if the macromolecules spent adequate time at temperatures close to the crystallization temperature, they could achieve high levels of structuring and, thus, high values of elastic modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Liparoti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (S.L.); (G.T.); (R.P.)
| | - Vito Speranza
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (S.L.); (G.T.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppe Titomanlio
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (S.L.); (G.T.); (R.P.)
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), The National Research Council (Cnr), Via Previati 1/C, 23900 Lecco (LC), Italy
| | - Roberto Pantani
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (S.L.); (G.T.); (R.P.)
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Cromer BM, Coughlin EB, Lesser AJ. Melt Mastication of Isotactic Polyproyplene for Improved Thermal and Physical Properties. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Cromer
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst Massachusetts
| | - Edward Bryan Coughlin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst Massachusetts
| | - Alan J. Lesser
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst Massachusetts
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Cui K, Ma Z, Tian N, Su F, Liu D, Li L. Multiscale and Multistep Ordering of Flow-Induced Nucleation of Polymers. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1840-1886. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Cui
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key
Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Anhui Provincial Engineering
Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Baohe District, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road,
Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Tian
- Ministry
of Education Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology,
School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi
West Road, District Beilin, Xi’an 710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengmei Su
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key
Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Anhui Provincial Engineering
Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Baohe District, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Neutron Physics and Institute of Nuclear Physics and
Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 64 Mianshan
Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621999, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key
Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Anhui Provincial Engineering
Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Baohe District, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
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Rokade D, Azad LB, Poddar S, Mishra S, Pol HV, Shukla R. Controlling Necking in Extrusion Film Casting Using Polymer Nanocomposites. J MACROMOL SCI B 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2017.1289797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhammaraj Rokade
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Lal B. Azad
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Suparna Poddar
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Satyendra Mishra
- University Institute of Chemical Technology, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, India
| | - Harshawardhan V. Pol
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Rishab Shukla
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- University Institute of Chemical Technology, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, India
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Pol HV, Thete SS. Necking in Extrusion Film Casting: Numerical Predictions of the Maxwell Model and Comparison with Experiments. J MACROMOL SCI B 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2016.1225556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Roozemond PC, van Erp TB, Peters GW. Flow-induced crystallization of isotactic polypropylene: Modeling formation of multiple crystal phases and morphologies. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Eghtesadi Z, McAuley KB. Mean-squared-error-based method for parameter ranking and selection with noninvertible fisher information matrix. AIChE J 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Eghtesadi
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
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Saffar A, Tabatabaei SH, Carreau PJ, Ajji A, Kamal MR. Rheology of PP/PP-g-MA and PP/PP-g-AA Blends and Incidence on Orientation and Crystalline Structure of Their Cast Films. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Saffar
- Research
Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems (CREPEC),
Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montreal, P.O. Box 6079, Stn Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Seyed H. Tabatabaei
- Research
Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems (CREPEC),
Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montreal, P.O. Box 6079, Stn Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Pierre J. Carreau
- Research
Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems (CREPEC),
Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montreal, P.O. Box 6079, Stn Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Abdellah Ajji
- Research
Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems (CREPEC),
Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montreal, P.O. Box 6079, Stn Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Musa R. Kamal
- CREPEC,
Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University
Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B2, Canada
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Characterization of the primary and secondary crystallization kinetics of a linear low-density polyethylene in quiescent- and flow-conditions. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shear-induced crystallization in phase-separated blends of isotactic polypropylene with ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-015-1705-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Flow-enhanced solution printing of all-polymer solar cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7955. [PMID: 26264528 PMCID: PMC4557117 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphology control of solution coated solar cell materials presents a key challenge limiting their device performance and commercial viability. Here we present a new concept for controlling phase separation during solution printing using an all-polymer bulk heterojunction solar cell as a model system. The key aspect of our method lies in the design of fluid flow using a microstructured printing blade, on the basis of the hypothesis of flow-induced polymer crystallization. Our flow design resulted in a ∼90% increase in the donor thin film crystallinity and reduced microphase separated donor and acceptor domain sizes. The improved morphology enhanced all metrics of solar cell device performance across various printing conditions, specifically leading to higher short-circuit current, fill factor, open circuit voltage and significantly reduced device-to-device variation. We expect our design concept to have broad applications beyond all-polymer solar cells because of its simplicity and versatility. Solution printing is a desirable route for manufacturing organic solar cells, whilst the major challenge lies with morphology control. Here, Diao et al. use a microstructured blade to guide the solution flow during printing, which improves polymer crystallization and the resulting device performance.
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Chikhalikar K, Banik S, Azad LB, Jadhav K, Mahajan S, Ahmad Z, Kulkarni S, Gupta S, Doshi P, Pol H, Lele A. Extrusion film casting of long chain branched polypropylene. POLYM ENG SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Chikhalikar
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Pune 411008 India
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay; Powai 400706 India
| | - Sourya Banik
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Pune 411008 India
| | - Lal Busher Azad
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Pune 411008 India
| | | | | | - Zubair Ahmad
- Reliance Industries Limited; Mumbai 400071 India
| | | | | | - Pankaj Doshi
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Pune 411008 India
| | - Harshawardhan Pol
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Pune 411008 India
| | - Ashish Lele
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Pune 411008 India
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van Drongelen M, van Erp T, Peters G. Quantification of non-isothermal, multi-phase crystallization of isotactic polypropylene: The influence of cooling rate and pressure. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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