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Isospecific Polymerization of Halide- and Amino-Substituted Styrenes Using a Bis(phenolate) Titanium Catalyst. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isospecific polymerization of polar styrenes is a challenge of polymer science. Particularly challenging are monomers bearing electron-withdrawing substituents or bulky substituents. Here, we report the coordination polymerization of halide- and amino-functionalized styrenes including para-fluorostyrene (pFS), para-chlorostyrene (pClS), para-bromostyrene (pBrS), and para-(N,N-diethylamino)styrene (DMAS) using 2,2′-sulfur-bridged bis(phenolate) titanium precursor (1). The combination of 1 and [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] and AliBu3 provides crystalline poly(pFS)s with perfect isotacticity (mmmm > 95%) and high molecular weights (≤16.0 × 104 g mol−1). Upon activation with a large excess of DMAO, 1 reaches polymerization activity of 5.58 × 105 g molTi−1 h−1 producing isotactic poly(pFS)s featuring higher molecular weights (≤39.6 × 104 g mol−1). The distinguished performance of the 1/DMAO system has been extended to the polymerization of pClS and pBrS, both usually involve halogen abstraction during the polymerization, to produce isotactic and high molecular weight (Mn = 32.2 × 104 vs. 13.7 × 104 g mol−1) polymers in good activities (2.18 × 105 vs. 1.31 × 105 g molTi−1 h−1). Surprisingly, 1/DMAO is nearly inactive for DMAS polymerization, on contrary, the system 1/[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]/AliBu3 displays isoselectivity (mmmm > 95%) albeit in a moderate activity.
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2
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Erol I, Güldiken A. Synthesis of novel functionalized methacrylate copolymers and their copolymerization kinetics, thermal stability, and biocidal properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Erol
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry Afyon Kocatepe University Afyonkarahisar Turkey
| | - Ahmet Güldiken
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry Afyon Kocatepe University Afyonkarahisar Turkey
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3
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Wu Y, Wang Z, Liu D, Liu B, Cui D. Highly Syndioselective Coordination (Co)Polymerization of para-Chlorostyrene. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | | | - Dongtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Dongmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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4
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Chowdhury SI, Tanaka R, Nakayama Y, Shiono T. Coordination‐Insertion Copolymerization of Norbornene and
p
‐Substituted Styrenes Using Anilinonaphthoquinone‐Ligated Nickel Complexes. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samiul Islam Chowdhury
- Graduate School of EngineeringHiroshima UniversityHigashi‐Hiroshima 1‐4‐1 Kagamiyama Hiroshima 739‐8527 Japan
| | - Ryo Tanaka
- Graduate School of EngineeringHiroshima UniversityHigashi‐Hiroshima 1‐4‐1 Kagamiyama Hiroshima 739‐8527 Japan
| | - Yuushou Nakayama
- Graduate School of EngineeringHiroshima UniversityHigashi‐Hiroshima 1‐4‐1 Kagamiyama Hiroshima 739‐8527 Japan
| | - Takeshi Shiono
- Graduate School of EngineeringHiroshima UniversityHigashi‐Hiroshima 1‐4‐1 Kagamiyama Hiroshima 739‐8527 Japan
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Sánchez-Condado A, Carriedo GA, Presa Soto A, Rodríguez-Álvarez MJ, García-Álvarez J, Hevia E. Organolithium-Initiated Polymerization of Olefins in Deep Eutectic Solvents under Aerobic Conditions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3134-3143. [PMID: 30892815 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite their ubiquitous presence in synthesis, the use of polar organolithium reagents under environmentally benign conditions constitutes one of the greatest challenges in sustainable chemistry. Their high reactivity imposes the use of severely restrictive protocols (e.g., moisture- and oxygen-free, toxic organic solvents, inert atmospheres, low temperatures, etc.). Making inroads towards meeting this challenge, a new air- and moisture-compatible organolithium-mediated methodology for the anionic polymerization of different olefins (e.g., styrenes and vinylpyridines) was established by pioneering the use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as an eco-friendly reaction medium in this type of transformation. Fine-tuning of the conditions (sonication of the reaction mixture at 40 °C in the absence of protecting atmosphere) along with careful choice of components of the DES [choline chloride (ChCl) and glycerol (Gly) in a 1:2 ratio] furnished the desired organic polymers (homopolymers and random copolymers) in excellent yields (up to 90 %) and low polydispersities (IPD 1.1-1.3). Remarkably, the in situ-formed polystyril lithium intermediates exhibited a great resistance to hydrolysis in the eutectic mixture 1ChCl/2Gly (up to 1.5 h), hinting at an unexpected high stability of these otherwise highly reactive organolithium species in these unconventional reaction media. This unique stability can be exploited to create well defined block-copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Sánchez-Condado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, (Facultad de Química/IUQOEM), Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gabino A Carriedo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, (Facultad de Química/IUQOEM), Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alejandro Presa Soto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, (Facultad de Química/IUQOEM), Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María J Rodríguez-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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Wolska J, Walkowiak-Kulikowska J, Szwajca A, Koroniak H, Améduri B. Aromatic fluorocopolymers based on α-(difluoromethyl)styrene and styrene: synthesis, characterization, and thermal and surface properties. RSC Adv 2018; 8:41836-41849. [PMID: 35558785 PMCID: PMC9091978 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09340g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A study on the α-(difluoromethyl)styrene (DFMST) reactivity under conventional radical copolymerization conditions is presented. Although the homopolymerization of DFMST failed, its radical bulk copolymerization with styrene (ST) led to the synthesis of fluorinated aromatic polymers (FAPs). The resulting novel poly(DFMST-co-ST) copolymers were characterized by 1H, 19F and 13C NMR spectroscopies that evidenced the successful incorporation of DFMST units into copolymers and enabled the assessment of their respective molar percentages (10.4–48.2 mol%). The molar masses were in the range of 1900–17 200 g mol−1. The bulkier CF2H group in the α-position induced the lower reactivity of the DFMST comonomer. ST and DFMST monomer reactivity ratios (rDFMST = 0.0 and rST = 0.70 ± 0.05 at 70 °C) were determined based on linear least-square methods. These values indicate that DFMST monomer is less reactive than ST, retards the polymerization rate, and thus reduces the molar masses. Moreover, the thermal properties (Tg, Td) of the resulting copolymers indicate that the presence of DFMST units incorporated into poly(ST) structure promotes an increase of the Tg values up to 109 °C and a slightly better thermal stability than that of poly(ST). Additionally, the thermal decomposition of poly(DFMST-co-ST) copolymer (10.4/89.6) was assessed by simultaneous thermal analysis coupled with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry showing that H2O, CO2, CO and styrene were released. The surface analysis was focused on the effects of the –CF2H group at the α-position of styrene comonomers on surface free energy of the copolymer films. Water and diiodomethane contact angle (CA) measurements confirmed that these copolymers (Mn = 2300–17 200 g mol−1) are not exactly the same as polystyrenes (Mn = 2100–21 600 g mol−1) in the solid state. The CA hysteresis for poly(ST) (6–8°) and poly(DFMST-co-ST) copolymers (3–5°) reflected these differences even more accurately. A study on the α-(difluoromethyl)styrene (DFMST) reactivity under conventional radical (co)polymerization conditions is presented.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wolska
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- Faculty of Chemistry
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
| | | | - Anna Szwajca
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- Faculty of Chemistry
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
| | - Henryk Koroniak
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- Faculty of Chemistry
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
| | - Bruno Améduri
- Institut Charles Gerhardt
- Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires
- UMR CNRS 5253
- ENSCM
- University of Montpellier
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7
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Guo F, Jiao N, Jiang L, Li Y, Hou Z. Scandium-Catalyzed Syndiospecific Polymerization of Halide-Substituted Styrenes and Their Copolymerization with Styrene. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Guo
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
| | - Na Jiao
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
- Organometallic
Chemistry Laboratory and Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa,
Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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8
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Wiacek M, Wesolek D, Rojewski S, Bujnowicz K, Jurczyk S, Kurcok M, Schab-Balcerzak E. Polystyrene with trifluoromethyl units: Monomer reactivity ratios, thermal behavior, flammability, and thermal degradation kinetics. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Wiacek
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry University of Silesia; Katowice 40-006 Poland
- Synthos S.A.; Oswiecim 32-600 Poland
| | - Dorota Wesolek
- Department of Innovative Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants; Poznan 60-630 Poland
| | - Szymon Rojewski
- Department of Innovative Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants; Poznan 60-630 Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bujnowicz
- Department of Innovative Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants; Poznan 60-630 Poland
| | - Sebastain Jurczyk
- Paint and Plastic Department; Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes; Gliwice 44-100 Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kurcok
- Paint and Plastic Department; Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes; Gliwice 44-100 Poland
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry University of Silesia; Katowice 40-006 Poland
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9
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Wiacek M, Wesolek D, Rojewski S, Bujnowicz K, Schab-Balcerzak E. Halogeno-modified polystyrene: monomer reactivity ratios, thermal behaviour and flammability. POLYM INT 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Wiacek
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; 9 Szkolna Str. 40-006 Katowice Poland
- Synthos SA; 1 Chemikow Str. 32-600 Oswiecim Poland
| | - Dorota Wesolek
- Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants; Wojska Polskiego 71B Str. 60-630 Poznan Poland
| | - Szymon Rojewski
- Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants; Wojska Polskiego 71B Str. 60-630 Poznan Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bujnowicz
- Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants; Wojska Polskiego 71B Str. 60-630 Poznan Poland
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; 9 Szkolna Str. 40-006 Katowice Poland
- 34 M Curie-Sklodowska Str. 41-819 Zabrze Poland
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