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Damman S, Steffen TT, Becker D. The effects of nanoclay and carbon nanotube co‐addition on properties of an amorphous polyamide/maleated styrene‐ethylene‐co‐butylene‐styrene blend. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Damman
- Center for Technological Sciences UDESC Joinville Santa Catarina Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Becker
- Center for Technological Sciences UDESC Joinville Santa Catarina Brazil
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2
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Dericiler K, Sadeghi HM, Yagci YE, Sas HS, Saner Okan B. Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Flow and Alignment Behavior of Waste Tire-Derived Graphene Nanoplatelets in PA66 Matrix during Melt-Mixing and Injection. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13060949. [PMID: 33808749 PMCID: PMC8003376 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Homogeneous dispersion of graphene into thermoplastic polymer matrices during melt-mixing is still challenging due to its agglomeration and weak interfacial interactions with the selected polymer matrix. In this study, an ideal dispersion of graphene within the PA66 matrix was achieved under high shear rates by thermokinetic mixing. The flow direction of graphene was monitored by the developed numerical methodology with a combination of its rheological behaviors. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) produced from waste-tire by upcycling and recycling techniques having high oxygen surface functional groups were used to increase the compatibility with PA66 chains. This study revealed that GNP addition increased the crystallization temperature of nanocomposites since it acted as both a nucleating and reinforcing agent. Tensile strength and modulus of PA66 nanocomposites were improved at 30% and 42%, respectively, by the addition of 0.3 wt% GNP. Flexural strength and modulus were reached at 20% and 43%, respectively. In addition, the flow model, which simulates the injection molding process of PA66 resin with different GNP loadings considering the rheological behavior and alignment characteristics of GNP, served as a tool to describe the mechanical performance of these developed GNP based nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuray Dericiler
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center & Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Manufacturing Technologies, Sabanci University, 34906 Istanbul, Turkey; (K.D.); (H.M.S.)
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hadi Mohammadjafari Sadeghi
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center & Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Manufacturing Technologies, Sabanci University, 34906 Istanbul, Turkey; (K.D.); (H.M.S.)
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Emre Yagci
- Farplas Otomotiv A.S., Taysad Organize Sanayi Bölgesi (TOSB), 41420 Kocaeli, Turkey;
| | - Hatice S. Sas
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center & Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Manufacturing Technologies, Sabanci University, 34906 Istanbul, Turkey; (K.D.); (H.M.S.)
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
- Correspondence: (H.S.S.); (B.S.O.)
| | - Burcu Saner Okan
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center & Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Manufacturing Technologies, Sabanci University, 34906 Istanbul, Turkey; (K.D.); (H.M.S.)
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
- Correspondence: (H.S.S.); (B.S.O.)
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3
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Lee KPM, Brandt M, Shanks R, Daver F. Rheology and 3D Printability of Percolated Graphene-Polyamide-6 Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2014. [PMID: 32899316 PMCID: PMC7565563 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene-polyamide-6 (PA6) composites with up to 17.0%·w/w graphene content were prepared via melt mixing. Oscillatory rheometry revealed that the dynamic viscoelastic properties of PA6 decreased with the addition of 0.1%·w/w graphene but increased when the graphene content was increased to 6.0%·w/w and higher. Further analysis indicated that the rheological percolation threshold was between 6.0 and 10.0%·w/w graphene. The Carreau-Yasuda model was used to describe the complex viscosity of the materials. Capillary rheometry was applied to assess the steady shear rheology of neat PA6 and the 17.0%·w/w graphene-PA6 composite. High material viscosity at low shear rates coupled with intense shear-thinning in the composite highlighted the importance of selecting the appropriate rheological characterisation methods, shear rates and rheological models when assessing the 3D printability of percolated graphene-polymer composites for material extrusion (ME). A method to predict the printability of an ME filament feedstock, based on fundamental equations describing material flow through the printer nozzle, in the form of a printing envelope, was developed and verified experimentally. It was found that designing filaments with steady shear viscosities of approximately 15% of the maximum printable viscosity for the desired printing conditions will be advantageous for easy ME processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok Peng Marcian Lee
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia;
| | - Milan Brandt
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia;
| | - Robert Shanks
- School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia;
| | - Fugen Daver
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia;
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4
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Paes LHG, Steffen TT, Becker D. Comparative performance of carbon nanotube and nanoclay on thermal properties and flammability behavior of amorphous polyamide/
SEBS
blend. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa Tromm Steffen
- Center of Technological SciencesSanta Catarina State University Joinville Brazil
| | - Daniela Becker
- Center of Technological SciencesSanta Catarina State University Joinville Brazil
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5
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Sanes J, Sánchez C, Pamies R, Avilés MD, Bermúdez MD. Extrusion of Polymer Nanocomposites with Graphene and Graphene Derivative Nanofillers: An Overview of Recent Developments. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13030549. [PMID: 31979287 PMCID: PMC7040573 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is focused on the recent developments of nanocomposite materials that combine a thermoplastic matrix with different forms of graphene or graphene oxide nanofillers. In all cases, the manufacturing method of the composite materials has been melt-processing, in particular, twin-screw extrusion, which can then be followed by injection molding. The advantages of this processing route with respect to other alternative methods will be highlighted. The results point to an increasing interest in biodegradable matrices such as polylactic acid (PLA) and graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide, rather than graphene. The reasons for this will also be discussed.
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6
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Kausar A. Trends in graphene reinforced polyamide nanocomposite for functional application: a review. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2018.1563115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Kausar
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
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7
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Beuguel Q, Mija A, Vergnes B, Peuvrel-Disdier E. Structural, thermal, rheological and mechanical properties of polypropylene/graphene nanoplatelets composites: Effect of particle size and melt mixing conditions. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Beuguel
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, CEMEF - Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux, UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207; Sophia Antipolis, 06904 France
| | - Alice Mija
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, ICN, UMR CNRS 7272; Parc Valrose Nice Cedex 2, 06108 France
| | - Bruno Vergnes
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, CEMEF - Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux, UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207; Sophia Antipolis, 06904 France
| | - Edith Peuvrel-Disdier
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, CEMEF - Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux, UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207; Sophia Antipolis, 06904 France
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8
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Akhina H, Gopinathan Nair M, Kalarikkal N, Pramoda K, Hui Ru T, Kailas L, Thomas S. Plasticized PVC graphene nanocomposites: Morphology, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical properties. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Akhina
- International and Interuniversity Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; Mahatma Gandhi University; P.D.Hills (P.O), Kottayam 686 560 Kerala India
| | | | - Nandakumar Kalarikkal
- International and Interuniversity Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; Mahatma Gandhi University; P.D.Hills (P.O), Kottayam 686 560 Kerala India
| | - K.P. Pramoda
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science; Technology and Research (A*STAR); 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634
| | - Tan Hui Ru
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science; Technology and Research (A*STAR); 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634
| | - Lekshmi Kailas
- Materials and Surface Science Institute; University of Limerick; Ireland
| | - Sabu Thomas
- International and Interuniversity Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; Mahatma Gandhi University; P.D.Hills (P.O), Kottayam 686 560 Kerala India
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9
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Adel M, El‐Shazly O, El‐Wahidy EF, El‐Maghraby A, Mohamed MA. Eco‐friendly produced lightweight structural graphene/polyamide 12 nanocomposite: Mechanical performance and the controlling microstructural mechanisms. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Adel
- Fabrication Technology DepartmentAdvanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA City)New Borg El‐Arab Alexandria21934 Egypt
| | - Ossama El‐Shazly
- Physics DepartmentFaculty of Science, Alexandria UniversityAlexandria Egypt
| | | | - Azza El‐Maghraby
- Fabrication Technology DepartmentAdvanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA City)New Borg El‐Arab Alexandria21934 Egypt
| | - Marwa A.A. Mohamed
- Fabrication Technology DepartmentAdvanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA City)New Borg El‐Arab Alexandria21934 Egypt
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10
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Feldman D. Polyamide nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2017.1282700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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11
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Dielectric, mechanical and transport properties of bisphenol A polycarbonate/graphene nanocomposites prepared by melt blending. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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12
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Zhang J, He S, Lv P, Chen Y. Processing-morphology-property relationships of polypropylene-graphene nanoplatelets nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Suihua He
- School of Materials and Energy; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Pengrong Lv
- School of Materials and Energy; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiang Chen
- School of Materials and Energy; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
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13
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Kashi S, Gupta RK, Kao N, Bhattacharya SN. Viscoelastic properties and physical gelation of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/graphene nanoplatelet nanocomposites at elevated temperatures. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Bačová P, Rissanou AN, Harmandaris V. Edge-Functionalized Graphene as a Nanofiller: Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bačová
- Institute
of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Anastassia N. Rissanou
- Institute
of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vagelis Harmandaris
- Institute
of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department
of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, GR-71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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