1
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Wongvasana B, Thongnuanchan B, Masa A, Saito H, Sakai T, Lopattananon N. Structure-Property Correlation in Natural Rubber Nanocomposite Foams: A Comparison between Nanoclay and Cellulose Nanofiber Used as Nanofillers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4223. [PMID: 37959903 PMCID: PMC10649899 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanocomposite foams of natural rubber (NR) with 5 phr of two kinds of nanofillers, nanoclay (NC) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF), were produced using the latex mixing method and foaming with azodicarbonamide. The effect of the nanofiller on the structure and mechanical properties of NR foams was investigated through SEM, TEM, tensile tests, WAXD, and compression set measurements. Smaller cells with a narrower distribution were attained in the NC/NR foam when compared to the NR and CNF/NR foams, and the expansion ratio was larger due to the suppression of the shrinkage in the NC/NR foam. The foaming of the NR nanocomposites reduced the size of the filler aggregates and improved the dispersion and alignment of nanofillers in the cell walls. The addition of NC and CNF enhanced the tensile strength of the NR foam by 139% and 62%, respectively, without sacrificing the excellent strain of the NR, due to the acceleration of the strain-induced crystallization and small size of the filler aggregates. The compression set of the NR foam could also be reduced in the NC/NR foam compared with the NR and CNF/NR foams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bunsita Wongvasana
- Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani 94000, Thailand; (B.W.); (B.T.)
| | - Bencha Thongnuanchan
- Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani 94000, Thailand; (B.W.); (B.T.)
| | - Abdulhakim Masa
- Rubber Engineering & Technology Program, International College, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
| | - Hiromu Saito
- Department of Organic and Polymer Materials Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadamoto Sakai
- Organization for Innovation & Social Collaboration, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu City 432-8011, Shizuoka, Japan;
| | - Natinee Lopattananon
- Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani 94000, Thailand; (B.W.); (B.T.)
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2
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Chen SC, Lee KH, Chang CW, Hsu TJ, Feng CT. Using Gas Counter Pressure and Combined Technologies for Microcellular Injection Molding of Thermoplastic Polyurethane to Achieve High Foaming Qualities and Weight Reduction. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102017. [PMID: 35631900 PMCID: PMC9143106 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcellular injection molding technology (MuCell®) using supercritical fluid (SCF) as a foaming agent offers many advantages, such as material and energy savings, low cycle time, cost-effectiveness, and the dimensional stability of products. MuCell® has attracted great attention for applications in the automotive, packaging, sporting goods, and electrical parts industries. In view of the environmental issues, the shoe industry, particularly for midsole parts, is also seriously considering using physical foaming to replace the chemical foaming process. MuCell® is thus becoming one potential processing candidate. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is a common material for molding the outsole of shoes because of its outstanding properties such as hardness, abrasion resistance, and elasticity. Although many shoe manufacturers have tried applying Mucell® processes to TPU midsoles, the main problem remaining to be overcome is the non-uniformity of the foaming cell size in the molded midsole. In this study, the MuCell® process combined with gas counter pressure (GCP) technology and dynamic mold temperature control (DMTC) were carried out for TPU molding. The influence of various molding parameters including SCF dosage, injection speed, mold temperature, gas counter pressure, and gas holding time on the foaming cell size and the associated size distribution under a target weight reduction of 60% were investigated in detail. Compared with the conventional MuCell® process, the implementation of GCP technology or DMTC led to significant improvement in foaming cell size reduction and size uniformity. Further improvement could be achieved by the simultaneous combination of GCP with DMT, and the resulting cell density was about fifty times higher. The successful possibility for the microcellular injection molding of TPU shoe midsoles is greatly enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shia-Chung Chen
- R&D Center for Smart Manufacturing, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (C.-W.C.); (T.-J.H.); (C.-T.F.)
- R&D Center for Semiconductor Carrier, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-2652500
| | - Kuan-Hua Lee
- R&D Center for Smart Manufacturing, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (C.-W.C.); (T.-J.H.); (C.-T.F.)
| | - Che-Wei Chang
- R&D Center for Smart Manufacturing, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (C.-W.C.); (T.-J.H.); (C.-T.F.)
- R&D Center for Semiconductor Carrier, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jeng Hsu
- R&D Center for Smart Manufacturing, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (C.-W.C.); (T.-J.H.); (C.-T.F.)
| | - Ching-Te Feng
- R&D Center for Smart Manufacturing, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (C.-W.C.); (T.-J.H.); (C.-T.F.)
- R&D Center for Semiconductor Carrier, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
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3
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Hu J, Gu R, Mi HY, Jing X, Antwi-Afari MF, Dong B, Liu C, Shen C. Self-Reinforced Thermoplastic Polyurethane Wrinkled Foams with High Energy Absorption Realized by Gas Cooling Assisted Supercritical CO 2 Foaming. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiashun Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ruixing Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hao-Yang Mi
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
| | - Xin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
| | | | - Binbin Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Changyu Shen
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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4
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Wang H, Peng X, Liu F, Song X, Wang H, Geng L, Huang A. Facile preparation of super lightweight and highly elastic thermoplastic polyurethane bead blend foam with microporous segregated network structure for good interfacial adhesion. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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5
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Supercritical CO2 foaming and shrinkage resistance of thermoplastic polyurethane/modified magnesium borate whisker composite. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.101887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Hasani Baferani A, Ohadi A, Katbab AA. Toward mechanistic understanding the effect of aspect ratio of carbon nanotubes upon different properties of polyurethane/carbon nanotube nanocomposite foam. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdolreza Ohadi
- Acoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) Tehran Iran
| | - Ali A. Katbab
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
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7
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Chen Y, Li D, Zhang H, Ling Y, Wu K, Liu T, Hu D, Zhao L. Antishrinking Strategy of Microcellular Thermoplastic Polyurethane by Comprehensive Modeling Analysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yichong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Dongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yijie Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Kaiwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, P. R. China
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Junjie Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chul B. Park
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Hydrogen bonding and topological network effects on optimizing thermoplastic polyurethane/organic montmorillonite nanocomposite foam. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Wang F, Liu H, Li Y, Li Y, Ma Q, Zhang J, Hu X. Tunable Biodegradable Polylactide-Silk Fibroin Scaffolds Fabricated by a Solvent-Free Pressure-Controllable Foaming Technology. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8795-8807. [PMID: 35019555 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polylactide (PLA) and silk fibroin (SF) are biocompatible green macromolecular materials with tunable structures and properties. In this study, microporous PLA/SF composites were fabricated under different pressures by a green solid solvent-free foaming technology. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to analyze the morphology, structure, and mechanical properties of the PLA/SF scaffolds. The crystalline, mobile amorphous phases and rigid amorphous phases in PLA/SF composites were calculated to further understand their structure-property relations. It was found that an increase in pore density and a decrease in pore size can be achieved by increasing the saturation pressure during the foaming process. In addition, changes in the microcellular structure provided PLA/SF scaffolds with better thermal stability, tunable biodegradation rates, and mechanical properties. FTIR and XRD analysis indicated strong hydrogen bonds were formed between PLA and SF molecules, which can be tuned by changing the foaming pressure. The composite scaffolds have good cell compatibility and are conducive to cell adhesion and growth, suggesting that PLA/SF microporous scaffolds could be used as three-dimensional (3-D) biomaterials with a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Li
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yajuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qingyu Ma
- School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
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11
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Jung BN, Jung HW, Kang D, Kim GH, Shim JK. Synergistic Effect of Cellulose Nanofiber and Nanoclay as Distributed Phase in a Polypropylene Based Nanocomposite System. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2399. [PMID: 33081046 PMCID: PMC7603177 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the plastic-based multilayer films applied to food packaging are not recyclable, it is necessary to develop easily recyclable single materials. Herein, polypropylene (PP)-based cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/nanoclay nanocomposites were prepared by melt-mixing using a fixed CNF content of 1 wt %, while the nanoclay content varied from 1 to 5 wt %. The optimum nanoclay content in the PP matrix was found to be 3 wt % (PCN3), while they exhibited synergistic effects as a nucleating agent. PCN3 exhibited the best mechanical properties, and the tensile and flexural moduli were improved by 51% and 26%, respectively, compared to PP. In addition, the oxygen permeability was reduced by 28%, while maintaining the excellent water vapor permeability of PP. The improvement in the mechanical and barrier properties of PP through the production of PP/CNF/nanoclay hybrid nanocomposites suggested their possible application in the field of food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bich Nam Jung
- Korea Packaging Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Bucheon 14449, Korea; (B.N.J.); (D.K.); (G.H.K.)
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Hyun Wook Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - DongHo Kang
- Korea Packaging Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Bucheon 14449, Korea; (B.N.J.); (D.K.); (G.H.K.)
| | - Gi Hong Kim
- Korea Packaging Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Bucheon 14449, Korea; (B.N.J.); (D.K.); (G.H.K.)
| | - Jin Kie Shim
- Korea Packaging Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Bucheon 14449, Korea; (B.N.J.); (D.K.); (G.H.K.)
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12
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Nobe R, Qiu J, Kudo M, Zhang G. Morphology and mechanical investigation of microcellular injection molded carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene composite foams. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rie Nobe
- Graduate School of Systems Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University Yurihonjo Japan
- Ecological Material Development Section, Akita Industrial Technology Center Akita Japan
| | - Jianhui Qiu
- Faculty of Systems Science and TechnologyAkita Prefectural University Yurihonjo Japan
| | - Makoto Kudo
- Ecological Material Development Section, Akita Industrial Technology Center Akita Japan
| | - Guohong Zhang
- Faculty of Systems Science and TechnologyAkita Prefectural University Yurihonjo Japan
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13
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Zheng H, Pan G, Huang P, Xu D, Zhai W. Fundamental Influences of Crosslinking Structure on the Cell Morphology, Creep Property, Thermal Property, and Recycling Behavior of Microcellular EPDM Foams Blown with Compressed CO2. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510275, China
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ge Pan
- State Key Lab of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Pengke Huang
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, China
| | - Donghua Xu
- State Key Lab of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Wentao Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510275, China
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14
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Reflectance According to Cell Size, Foaming Ratio and Refractive Index of Microcellular Foamed Amorphous Polymer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236068. [PMID: 31810176 PMCID: PMC6928872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcellular foamed plastic has a cell size of approximately 0.1 to 10 microns inside a foamed polymer and a cell density in the range of 109 to 1015 cells/cm3. Typically, the formation of numerous uniform cells inside a polymer can be effectively used for various purposes, such as lightweight materials, insulation and sound absorbing materials. However, it has recently been reported that these dense cell structures, which are induced through microcellular foaming, can affect the light passing through the medium, which affects the haze and permeability and causes the diffused reflection of light to achieve high diffuse reflectivity. In this study, the effects of cell size, foaming ratio and refractive index on the optical performance were investigated by applying the microcellular foaming process to three types of amorphous polymer materials. Thus, this study experimentally confirmed that the advantages of porous materials can be implemented as optical properties by providing a high specific surface area as a small and uniform cell formed by inducing a high foaming ratio through a microcellular foaming process.
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15
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Li R, Lee JH, Wang C, Howe Mark L, Park CB. Solubility and diffusivity of CO2 and N2 in TPU and their effects on cell nucleation in batch foaming. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.104623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Xiao SP, Huang HX. Generation of nanocellular TPU/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite foams with high cell density by manipulating viscoelasticity. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Creating orientated cellular structure in thermoplastic polyurethane through strong interfacial shear interaction and supercritical carbon dioxide foaming for largely improving the foam compression performance. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.104577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Wang F, Feng L, Li G, Zhai Z, Ma H, Deng B, Zhang S. Fabrication and Properties of Superhydrophobic Waterborne Polyurethane Composites with Micro-Rough Surface Structure Using Electrostatic Spraying. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1748. [PMID: 31653032 PMCID: PMC6918225 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) coatings hold advantages of good toughness, low cost and environmental protection. However, the low water contact angle (WCA), poor wear and corrosion resistance make them unsuitable for application in the superhydrophobic coatings such as antipollution flashover coatings for transmission lines, self-cleaning coatings for outdoor equipment and waterproof textiles. A series of superhydrophobic WPU composites (SHWPUCs) with micro-rough surface structure was prepared by electrostatic spraying nano-SiO2 particles on WPU composites with low surface energy. It showed that as the hydrophobic system content rose the WCAs of the composites first increased and then remained stationary; however, the adhesion and corrosion resistance first increased and then decreased. An appropriate addition of the hydrophobic system content would lead to a dense coating structure, but an excessive addition could increase the interfaces in the coating and then reduce the coating performance. When the mass ratio of the WPU dispersion, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles and modified polydimethylsiloxane was 8:0.3:0.4, 10 g/m2 nano-SiO2 particles were sprayed on the uncured coating surface to construct the SHWPUC with a WCA of 156°. Compared with pure WPU coating, its adhesion and corrosion resistance increased by 12.5% and one order of magnitude, respectively; its wear rate decreased by 88.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China.
| | - Lajun Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China.
- Key Laboratory of Corrosion and Protection of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710048, China.
| | - Guangzhao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China.
| | - Zhe Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China.
| | - Huini Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China.
| | - Bo Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China.
| | - Shengchao Zhang
- Faculty of Printing, Packing Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China.
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19
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Dong G, Zhao G, Hou J, Wang G, Mu Y. Effects of dynamic mold temperature control on melt pressure, cellular structure, and mechanical properties of microcellular injection-molded parts: An experimental study. CELLULAR POLYMERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0262489319871741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the effects of dynamic mold temperature control (DMTC) on melt pressure, cellular structure, and mechanical properties of microcellular injection molding (MIM)-molded parts are investigated experimentally. It is found that with the increase of the mold temperature, the duration of foaming pressure in the cooling stage increases. Meanwhile, the average cell diameter and cell diameter dispersion increases as well as the cell density decreases in MIM molded parts. The turning point of mold temperature after which the foaming pressure in the cooling stage and the cellular structure in MIM molded parts generate a significant change is around the glass transition temperature of the used plastic material. Under DMTC conditions, with the increase of mold temperature, the tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength of MIM molded specimens of single gate without weld line change a little, while the tensile strength, flexural strength of MIM molded specimens of double gates with weld line increase obviously. When the mold temperature increases to 120°C and over, the tensile strength, flexural strength of MIM molded specimens of double gates with weld line reach an equivalent level of specimens of single gate without weld line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiwei Dong
- Key Laboratory for Liquid–Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid–Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junji Hou
- Key Laboratory for Liquid–Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guilong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid–Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Mu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid–Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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20
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Ge C, Wang S, Zhai W. Influence of cell type and skin-core structure on the tensile elasticity of the microcellular thermoplastic polyurethane foam. J CELL PLAST 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x19864381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the foaming process was employed to achieve lightweight thermoplastic polyurethane materials, and then the hysteresis and residual strain of corresponding materials in the tensile process were quantitatively calculated. In order to study the deformed mechanism, the influences of cell type and skin-core structure on the tensile elasticity of thermoplastic polyurethane foam were investigated. The open-cell thermoplastic polyurethane foam exhibited much lower hysteresis and residual strain compared to thermoplastic polyurethane film without cell structure, which demonstrated that the open-cell structure benefited to the tensile elasticity. In the case of closed-cell thermoplastic polyurethane foam, it had lower hysteresis and residual strain than thermoplastic polyurethane film; however, higher value than the thermoplastic polyurethane film can be observed beyond 100% strain, resulting from the stress concentration in the skin-core structure. Consequently, the hysteresis phenomenon can be improved by adjusting the ratio of skin-core structure. Moreover, the influence of density on the elasticity of the open-cell thermoplastic polyurethane foam was also discussed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbiao Ge
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wentao Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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21
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Structure-tunable thermoplastic polyurethane foams fabricated by supercritical carbon dioxide foaming and their compressive mechanical properties. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Nobe R, Qiu J, Kudo M, Ito K, Kaneko M. Effects of SCF content, injection speed, and CF content on the morphology and tensile properties of microcellular injection‐molded CF/PP composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rie Nobe
- Graduate School of Systems Science and TechnologyAkita Prefectural University Yurihonjo, 015‐0055 Japan
- Ecological Material Development SectionAkita Industrial Technology Center Akita, 010‐1623 Japan
| | - Jianhui Qiu
- Faculty of Systems Science and TechnologyAkita Prefectural University Yurihonjo, 015‐0055 Japan
| | - Makoto Kudo
- Ecological Material Development SectionAkita Industrial Technology Center Akita, 010‐1623 Japan
| | - Kazushi Ito
- Faculty of Systems Science and TechnologyAkita Prefectural University Yurihonjo, 015‐0055 Japan
| | - Masaki Kaneko
- Graduate School of Systems Science and TechnologyAkita Prefectural University Yurihonjo, 015‐0055 Japan
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23
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Wang S, Xue S, Ge C, Ren Q, Zhao D, Zhai W. Preparation of fluorescent thermoplastic polyurethane microcellular foam films blown by supercritical CO2. J CELL PLAST 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x19841053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Shuaiwei Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Chengbiao Ge
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Ge C, Zhai W. Cellular Thermoplastic Polyurethane Thin Film: Preparation, Elasticity, and Thermal Insulation Performance. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengbiao Ge
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wentao Zhai
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, China
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25
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Huang A, Peng X, Turng LS. In-situ fibrillated polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) via melt blending: Effect on rheological behavior, mechanical properties, and microcellular foamability. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Different approaches for creating nanocellular TPU foams by supercritical CO2 foaming. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-017-1419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Microcellular nanocomposites based on millable polyurethane and nano-silica by two-step curing and solid-state supercritical CO 2 foaming: Preparation, high-pressure viscoelasticity and mechanical properties. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Steam-chest molding of expanded thermoplastic polyurethane bead foams and their mechanical properties. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Yeh SK, Liu YC, Chu CC, Chang KC, Wang SF. Mechanical Properties of Microcellular and Nanocellular Thermoplastic Polyurethane Nanocomposite Foams Created Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Kai Yeh
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Yu-Che Liu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Chien-Chia Chu
- Industrial Technology Research Institute., Institute of Materials Research, Hsinchu, Taiwan 310
| | - Kung-Chin Chang
- Taiwan Textile Research Institute, Tucheng, Taipei, Taiwan 236
| | - Sea-Fue Wang
- Department
of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan 106
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30
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Salahuddin NA, El-Kemary M, Ibrahim EM. High-performance flexible epoxy/ZnO nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nehal A. Salahuddin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Tanta University; Tanta 31527 Egypt
| | - Maged El-Kemary
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nanotechnology Center; Kafrelsheikh University; KafrElSheikh 33516 Egypt
| | - Ebtisam M. Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nanotechnology Center; Kafrelsheikh University; KafrElSheikh 33516 Egypt
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31
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Laguna-Gutierrez E, Saiz-Arroyo C, Velasco JI, Rodriguez-Perez MA. Low density polyethylene/silica nanocomposite foams. Relationship between chemical composition, particle dispersion, cellular structure and physical properties. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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