A composite electrode of 2D‐Ti3C2 ( MXene ) and polyemeraldine salt of polyaniline for supercapacitor with high areal capacitance

In-situ assembling novel N-Ti3C2/BiOClxBr1-x composites with enhanced photocatalytic degradation and nitrogen reduction activity

Herein, a collection of novel N-Ti3C2/BiOClxBr1-x composites are fabricated via a simple in-situ sonochemical process. Not only the preparation method for N-Ti3C2 but also the photocatalytic system of N-Ti3C2/BiOClxBr1-x are firstly developed. Multiple characterizations jointly demonstrate the successful fabrication of the composites. Compared to that of BiOClxBr1-x, the maximum improvements of 1.16, 1.25 and 1.26 folds are severally confirmed for the photocatalytic degradation of levofloxacin, Rhodamine B, and methylene blue over N-Ti3C2/BiOClxBr1-x composites. In addition, through radicals trapping tests, the primary active species in photocatalytic degradation process are verified to be O2-. Moreover, N-Ti3C2/BiOClxBr1-x composites also exhibit 1.18 and 1.14 times enhancements for NH3 production compared with that of BiOClxBr1-x with or without the presence of methanol, respectively. In addition, the maximum improvements of photo-current and photo-potential for BiOClxBr1-x are 1.29 and 1.86 folds with the introduction of N-Ti3C2, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of N-Ti3C2/BiOClxBr1-x composites is owing to the heightened light absorption, increased specific surface area, and accelerated separation of photoinduced carriers. Additionally, the stable photocatalytic properties of N-Ti3C2/BiOClxBr1-x are confirmed by three photocatalytic recycle tests on pollutant degradation and nitrogen reduction combined with X-ray diffraction patterns before and after three recycles. This study suggests that N-Ti3C2 is an efficient ornamentation for boosting photocatalytic activity ofBiOClxBr1-x, which can also be expanded as a promising modifier for other semiconductors.

Enhanced efficiency of photocatalytically synthesised Co3+/Co2+-incorporated CeO2/SnO2 nanocomposite and supercapacitor studies

The photochemical reduction approach, distilled H2O with PriOH as the solvent medium, was used to create and characterise the conversion of Co3+ to Co2+ integrated on CeO2/SnO2. The PXRD, IR, SEM, HR-TEM, VSM, and XPS results show that the materials generated have appropriate crystallisation form and retain the hollow spherical structure of Co-CeO2/SnO2. The performance of several UV-light energetic photocatalysts and the reaction pathways for inorganic complex degradation are addressed, emphasising the main elements contributing to their mineralisation. Reaction mechanisms, identification and quantification of degradation intermediates, and effects of reactive active species were described and analysed for each modelled target inorganic pollutant category. The ternary (Co3+/Co2+)/CeO2/SnO2 materials were hypothesised to improve the photocatalytic activity by increasing the transport rate of eCB- impurities as a result of accelerating the practical separation of electron-hole (e-/h+) pairs. Then, it exhibits high cycling stability by successfully reducing the pulverisation of Co-CeO2/SnO2 electrode materials due to volume expansion and a high specific capacity of 827 F g-1(1 A g-1) while maintaining a high current density of 5 A g-1. GCD and impedance spectroscopy studies were also carried out to analyse charge-discharge cycles and sample stability. This exceptional electrochemical performance suggests that Co-CeO2/SnO2 are promising for high-performance energy storage systems.

A novel potentiometric sensor based on ZnO decorated polyaniline/coal nanocomposite for diltiazem determination

Diltiazem (DTZ) is one of the most effective medications for treating cardiovascular diseases. It has been widely used for the treatment of angina pectoris, hypertension and some types of arrhythmia. The development and application of a modified carbon paste sensor with improved detection limits for the potentiometric determination of diltiazem are the main goals of the current study. Sensitivity, long-term stability, reproducibility and improving the electrochemical performance are among the characteristics that have undergone careful examination. A modified carbon paste sensor based on β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as ionophore, a lipophilic anionic additive (NaTPB) and a ZnO-decorated polyaniline/coal nanocomposite (ZnO@PANI/C) dissolved in dibutyl phthalate plasticizer, exhibited the best performance and Nernstian slope. The ZnO@PANI/C based sensor succeeded in lowering the detection limit to 5.0 × 10-7 through the linear range 1.0 × 10-6 to 1.0 × 10-2 mol L-1 with fast response time ≤ 10.0 s. The prepared nanomaterial was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface properties of the proposed sensor were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The selectivity behavior of the investigated sensor was tested against a drug with similar chemical structure and biologically important blood electrolytes (Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+). The proposed analytical method was applied for DTZ analysis in pure drug, pharmaceutical products and industrial water samples with excellent recovery data.