1
|
Postigo Á, González-Nuevo C, García-Fernández J, García-Cueto E, Soto CJ, Napolitano CM, Roberts BW, Cuesta M. The Behavioral, Emotional, and Social Skills Inventory: A Spanish Adaptation and Further Validation in Adult Population. Assessment 2024:10731911231225197. [PMID: 38311900 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231225197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Social, emotional, and behavioral (SEB) skills encompass a broad range of interpersonal and intrapersonal abilities that are crucial for establishing and maintaining relationships, managing emotions, setting and pursuing goals, and exploring new learning opportunities. To address the lack of consensus regarding terminology, definition, and assessment of SEB skills, Soto et al. developed the Behavioral, Emotional, and Social Skills Inventory (BESSI), which consists of 192 items, 32 facets, and 5 domains. The objective of the current study was to adapt the BESSI to Spanish (referred to as BESSI-Sp) and enhance the overall understanding of the BESSI framework. A sample of 303 people was employed with a mean age of 30.35 years (SD = 14.73), ranging from 18 to 85 years. The results indicate that the BESSI-Sp demonstrates strong psychometric properties. Its facet- and domain-level structure aligns with the theoretical expectations and closely resembles the English-language source version. The facets exhibit high reliability (mean ω = .89), and the scores demonstrate adequate stability after 3 to 4 weeks (mean rICC = .77). The BESSI-Sp also displays evidence of convergent validity and integrates well with the Big Five framework, providing incremental validity for various outcomes. We discuss the implications of these findings for the assessment of SEB skills and future research in this field.
Collapse
|
2
|
Butler M, Turiano N, Buckley L, McGeehan M, O'Súilleabháin PS. Neuroticism facets and mortality risk in adulthood: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. J Psychosom Res 2023; 175:111500. [PMID: 37832272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review sought to summarize comprehensively the research investigating the association between facets of neuroticism and mortality risk. METHODS A systematic review of prospective cohort studies utilizing rigorous reporting methods was conducted. Six electronic bibliographic databases, MEDLINE [Ovid], Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and SCOPUS, were searched for eligible studies using keywords encompassing personality traits and mortality. Articles from inception to January 2023 were reviewed. The risk of bias was also assessed. RESULTS Six of the 2358 identified studies met the inclusion criteria for extraction. Included studies had 335,715 participants, of whom 3.23% died. Participants ages at baseline ranged from 20 to 102, and 54% were female. Five of the six studies reported statistically significant associations between facets of neuroticism and mortality risk. Several underlying facets were reported to be associated with an increased mortality risk, namely vulnerability, cynicism, pessimistic, anxious, and depressive facets. Inadequacy, and worried-vulnerable were reported as protective. One study reported protective effects for impulsiveness, but this was not observed in a further follow-up study. CONCLUSIONS Various facets related to neuroticism are associated with an increased or decreased mortality risk. Encompassing all facets in a broad trait likely masks very important personality-health relations, which later impact longevity. Based on these findings, recommendations and future considerations are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Butler
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Nicholas Turiano
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WA, USA
| | - Laura Buckley
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Máire McGeehan
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Páraic S O'Súilleabháin
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Weidmann R, Purol MF, Alabdullah A, Ryan SM, Wright EG, Oh J, Chopik WJ. Trait and facet personality similarity and relationship and life satisfaction in romantic couples. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2023; 104:104378. [PMID: 37396145 PMCID: PMC10312100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that personality similarity plays a negligible role in explaining the life and relationship satisfaction of couples. However, similarity in more proximally measured personality (i.e., facets) might explain additional variance in partners' well-being. The current study examined if in a sample of 1294 female-male romantic couples individual and partner personality traits and facets were associated with life and relationship satisfaction in expected ways. Similarity in personality traits and facets was not robustly associated with either life or relationship satisfaction of partners. The results are discussed in the context of the predictive validity of personality facets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Weidmann
- Michigan State University, United States
- University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pringle V, Carlson EN, Connelly BS. What’s “moral” in moral impressions? Exploring self-other agreement about the trait-specific component of moral impressions. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
|
5
|
Openness to Experience and Museum Visits: Intellectual Curiosity, Aesthetic Sensitivity, and Creative Imagination Predict the Frequency of Visits to Different Types of Museums. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
6
|
Olaru G, Stieger M, Rüegger D, Kowatsch T, Flückiger C, Roberts BW, Allemand M. Personality change through a digital-coaching intervention: Using measurement invariance testing to distinguish between trait domain, facet, and nuance change. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070221145088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent intervention research has shown that personality traits can be modified through psychological interventions. However, it is unclear whether reported effects represent changes in the trait domain or only some facets or items. Using data ( N = 552) from a recent intervention trial, the present study examined the effects of a digital-coaching intervention on self- and observer-reported personality facets and items. We focused on participants who wanted to decrease in Negative Emotionality, increase in Conscientiousness or increase in Extraversion. We used measurement invariance testing to examine which level of the trait domain hierarchy changed during the intervention. For the self-reports, we found some heterogeneity in the effects on all three trait domains, but most notably Extraversion and Conscientiousness. Specifically, participants reported to increase strongly on sociability (Extraversion), and moderately on productiveness and organization (Conscientiousness), but not on the other facets of these trait domains. Observers generally reported small but non-significant changes, with no scalar invariance violations except for Extraversion. Overall, this suggests considerable heterogeneity in intervention-related personality change that can be overlooked if only focusing on the trait domain level. We discuss the relevance of measurement invariance testing and measurement approaches for personality development and intervention research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirjam Stieger
- Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Luzern, Switzerland
| | | | - Tobias Kowatsch
- ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of St. Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Brent W Roberts
- University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yoshino S, Shimotsukasa T, Oshio A, Hashimoto Y, Ueno Y, Mieda T, Migiwa I, Sato T, Kawamoto S, Soto CJ, John OP. A validation of the Japanese adaptation of the Big Five Inventory-2. Front Psychol 2022; 13:924351. [PMID: 36312186 PMCID: PMC9614413 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.924351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to adapt a Japanese version of the Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2-J) to examine its factor structure, reliability, validity, and measurement invariance. The BFI-2-J assesses five domains and 15 facets of the Big Five personality traits. We analyzed two datasets: 487 Japanese undergraduates and 500 Japanese adults. The results of the principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the domain-facet structure of the BFI-2-J was similar to that of other language versions. The reliability of the BFI-2-J is sufficient. The correlation coefficients between the BFI-2-J and the other Big Five and self-esteem measures supported convergent and discriminant validity. Moreover, we confirmed measurement invariance across age and sex groups in domain-level and facet-level models. The results suggest that the BFI-2-J is a good instrument for measuring the Big Five personality traits and their facets in Japan. The BFI-2-J is expected to be useful in Japanese personality research and international comparative research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yoshino
- Faculty of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shinya Yoshino,
| | | | - Atsushi Oshio
- Faculty of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Ueno
- Center for Advanced School Education and Evidence-Based Research (CASEER), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mieda
- School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ifu Migiwa
- Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- College of Comprehensive Psychology, Ritsumeikan University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Oliver P. John
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Factor structure, psychometric properties, and validity of the Big Five Inventory-2 facets: evidence from the French adaptation (BFI-2-Fr). CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
9
|
Lechner CM, Knopf T, Napolitano CM, Rammstedt B, Roberts BW, Soto CJ, Spengler M. The Behavioral, Emotional, and Social Skills Inventory (BESSI): Psychometric Properties of a German-Language Adaptation, Temporal Stabilities of the Skills, and Associations with Personality and Intelligence. J Intell 2022; 10:jintelligence10030063. [PMID: 36135604 PMCID: PMC9503910 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence10030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Social, emotional, and behavioral (SEB) skills comprise a broad set of abilities that are essential for building and maintaining relationships, regulating emotions, selecting and pursuing goals, or exploring novel stimuli. Toward an improved SEB skill assessment, Soto and colleagues recently introduced the Behavioral, Emotional, and Social Skills Inventory (BESSI). Measuring 32 facets from 5 domains with 192 items (assessment duration: ~15 min), BESSI constitutes the most extensive SEB inventory to date. However, so far, BESSI exists only in English. In three studies, we comprehensively validated a novel German-language adaptation, BESSI-G. Moreover, we expanded evidence on BESSI in three ways by (1) assessing the psychometric properties of the 32 individual skill facets, in addition to their domain-level structure; (2) providing first insights into the temporal stabilities of the 32 facets over 1.5 and 8 months; and (3) investigating the domains’ and facets’ associations with intelligence, in addition to personality traits. Results show that BESSI-G exhibits good psychometric properties (unidimensionality, reliability, factorial validity). Its domain-level structure is highly similar to that of the English-language source version. The facets show high temporal stabilities, convergent validity with personality traits, and discriminant validity with fluid and crystallized intelligence. We discuss implications for research on SEB skills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens M. Lechner
- Department Survey Design and Methodology, GESIS—Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, P.O. Box 12 21 55, 68072 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Thomas Knopf
- Department Survey Design and Methodology, GESIS—Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, P.O. Box 12 21 55, 68072 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christopher M. Napolitano
- College of Education, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1310 S. Sixth St., Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Beatrice Rammstedt
- Department Survey Design and Methodology, GESIS—Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, P.O. Box 12 21 55, 68072 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Brent W. Roberts
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 308 Psychology Bldg, MC-716 603 East Daniel St., Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Christopher J. Soto
- Psychology Department, Colby College, 5550 Mayflower Hill, Waterville, MN 04901, USA
| | - Marion Spengler
- Hochschule für Gesundheit und Medizin, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Føllesdal H, Soto CJ. The Norwegian Adaptation of the Big Five Inventory-2. Front Psychol 2022; 13:858920. [PMID: 35664220 PMCID: PMC9158541 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.858920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two studies were conducted to assess the psychometric properties of scores from the Norwegian adaptation of the Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2). In Study 1, the BFI-2 was translated to Norwegian and the scores from a convenience sample (N = 606) demonstrated good psychometric properties. BFI-2 scores from subsamples correlated in expected ways with self- and other ratings of the Big Five, and with self-ratings of empathic concern and perspective taking. In Study 2, after some minor improvements in translation, the psychometric properties of BFI-2 scores were assessed in a new sample (N = 409). Results from random intercept EFA of scores supported the proposed model. The psychometric properties of two shorter versions of the inventory, the BFI-2-S and BFI-2-XS, were also examined. Overall, the results suggest that the Norwegian adaptation of the BFI-2 provide reliable and valid scores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hallvard Føllesdal
- Department of Organizational Behaviour, BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lechner CM, Bender J, Brandt ND, Rammstedt B. Two Forms of Social Inequality in Students' Socio-Emotional Skills: Do the Levels of Big Five Personality Traits and Their Associations With Academic Achievement Depend on Parental Socioeconomic Status? Front Psychol 2021; 12:679438. [PMID: 34367000 PMCID: PMC8335486 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.679438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Some researchers and policymakers advocate a stronger focus on fostering socio-emotional skills in the hope of helping students to succeed academically, especially those who are socially disadvantaged. Others have cautioned that this might increase, rather than reduce, social inequality because personality traits conducive to achievement are themselves unevenly distributed in disfavor of socially disadvantaged students. Our paper contributes to this debate. Analyzing representative, large-scale data on 9,300 ninth graders from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) and using the Big Five personality traits as a measure of socio-emotional skills, we cast light on two related yet distinct aspects of social inequality in socio-emotional skills: First, do levels of personality traits conducive to achievement vary as a function of students' parental socioeconomic status (pSES)? Second, do the returns to personality traits in terms of trait–achievement relations vary as function of pSES? Results showed that differences in Big Five traits between students with different pSES were small (0.04 ≤ |r| ≤ 0.09), especially when compared with pSES-related differences in cognitive skills (fluid intelligence) and sex-related differences in personality. The returns to Conscientiousness—the personality trait most relevant to achievement—in terms of its relations to academic achievement were higher in higher- vs. lower-SES students. Trait–achievement relations did not vary as a function of pSES for the other Big Five traits. Overall, both types of inequality were limited in magnitude. We discuss the implications of these findings for policy and practice and delineate directions for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens Bender
- GESIS-Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Naemi D Brandt
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stewart RD, Mõttus R, Seeboth A, Soto CJ, Johnson W. The finer details? The predictability of life outcomes from Big Five domains, facets, and nuances. J Pers 2021; 90:167-182. [PMID: 34236710 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Associations between personality traits and life outcomes are usually studied using the Big Five domains and, occasionally, their facets. But recent research suggests these associations may be driven by the items (reflecting personality nuances) chosen to measure these traits. Using a large dataset (N = 6126), we examined associations with 53 self-reported outcomes using domains, facets and items (markers for nuances), training and validating models in different sample partitions. Facets better predicted outcomes than domains (on average, 18.0% versus 16.6% of variance explained), but items provided the most accurate predictions (on average 20.9%). Removing domain and facet variance from items had no effect on their predictive validity, suggesting that outcome-related information was often in items' unique variances (i.e., nuance-specific). Item-based prediction also showed the highest discriminant validity. These observations, replicating previous findings, suggest that personality traits' valid associations with outcomes are often driven by narrow personality nuances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - René Mõttus
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anne Seeboth
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Wendy Johnson
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Partsch MV, Bluemke M, Lechner CM. Revisiting the hierarchical structure of the 24 VIA character strengths: Three global dimensions may suffice to capture their essence. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070211017760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Values in Action (VIA) framework maps 24 character strengths onto six more abstract virtues through a theoretical classification. However, compared to other individual difference constructs, there is little consensus about the factor-analytic structure of the VIA trait space. Applying Horn’s parallel analysis, Goldberg’s Bass-ackwards approach, and cross-country congruency analysis, we scrutinize the factor-analytic solutions-hierarchy of the 24 VIA strengths with the aim to identify one or more useful global levels of abstraction (akin to the Big Five, HEXACO/Big Six, or personality metatraits). We assessed the 24 character strengths with the psychometrically refined IPIP-VIA-R inventory in two large and heterogeneous samples from Germany and the UK (total N ≈ 2,000). Results suggested that three global dimensions suffice to capture the essence of character strengths: Level III recovered more than 50% of the total variation of the 24 character strengths in well-interpretable, global/general, cross-culturally replicable dimensions. We provisionally labeled them positivity, dependability, and mastery. Their superordinate Level-II-dimensions were reminiscent of the “Big Two” personality metatraits Dynamism and Social Self-Regulation. Our results advance the understanding of the VIA character trait space and may serve as a basis for developing scales to assess these global dimensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie V Partsch
- Department of Survey Design and Methodology, GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Germany
| | - Matthias Bluemke
- Department of Survey Design and Methodology, GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Germany
| | - Clemens M Lechner
- Department of Survey Design and Methodology, GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang B, Li YM, Li J, Luo J, Ye Y, Yin L, Chen Z, Soto CJ, John OP. The Big Five Inventory-2 in China: A Comprehensive Psychometric Evaluation in Four Diverse Samples. Assessment 2021; 29:1262-1284. [PMID: 33884926 DOI: 10.1177/10731911211008245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) has received wide recognition since its publication because it strikes a good balance between content coverage and brevity. The current study translated the BFI-2 into Chinese, evaluated its psychometric properties in four diverse Chinese samples (college students, adult employees, adults treated for substance use, and adolescents), and compared its factor structure with those obtained from two U.S. samples. Across two studies, the Chinese BFI-2 demonstrated good reliability (Cronbach's α and test-retest reliability), structural validity, convergent/discriminant validity, and criterion-related validity at the domain level. At lower levels of analyses, some facets and negatively worded items functioned better among participants with higher than those with lower education levels. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yi Ming Li
- Beijing Institute of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Lu Yin
- Beijing Tiantanghe Compulsory Isolation Detoxification Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuosheng Chen
- China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|