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Paragh G, Németh Á, Harangi M, Banach M, Fülöp P. Causes, clinical findings and therapeutic options in chylomicronemia syndrome, a special form of hypertriglyceridemia. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:21. [PMID: 35144640 PMCID: PMC8832680 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01631-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia has been increasing worldwide. Attention is drawn to the fact that the frequency of a special hypertriglyceridemia entity, named chylomicronemia syndrome, is variable among its different forms. The monogenic form, termed familial chylomicronemia syndrome, is rare, occuring in 1 in every 1 million persons. On the other hand, the prevalence of the polygenic form of chylomicronemia syndrome is around 1:600. On the basis of the genetical alterations, other factors, such as obesity, alcohol consumption, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and certain drugs may significantly contribute to the development of the multifactorial form. In this review, we aimed to highlight the recent findings about the clinical and laboratory features, differential diagnosis, as well as the epidemiology of the monogenic and polygenic forms of chylomicronemias. Regarding the therapy, differentiation between the two types of the chylomicronemia syndrome is essential, as well. Thus, proper treatment options of chylomicronemia and hypertriglyceridemia will be also summarized, emphasizing the newest therapeutic approaches, as novel agents may offer solution for the effective treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Paragh
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary.
| | - Ákos Németh
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Mariann Harangi
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Péter Fülöp
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
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Li W, Li L, Zhang S, Zhang C, Huang H, Li Y, Hu E, Deng G, Guo S, Wang Y, Li W, Chen L. Identification of potential genes for human ischemic cardiomyopathy based on RNA-Seq data. Oncotarget 2018; 7:82063-82073. [PMID: 27852050 PMCID: PMC5347674 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is an important cause of heart failure, yet no ICM disease genes were stored in any public databases. Mutations of genes provided by RNA-Seq data could set a foundation for a variety of biological processes. This also made it possible to elucidate the mechanism and identify potential genes for ICM. In this paper, an integrated co-expression network was constructed using univariate and bivariate canonical correlation analysis for RNA-Seq data of human ICM samples. Three ICM-related modules were recognized after comparing between Pearson correlation coefficients of ICM samples and normal controls. Furthermore, 32 ICM potential genes were identified from ICM-related modules considering protein-protein interactions. Most of these genes were verified to be involved in ICM and diseases caused it by OMIM and literature. Our study could provide a novel perspective for potential gene identification and the pathogenesis for ICM and other complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liansheng Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shiying Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Department of internal medicine, Heilongjiang Commercial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yiran Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Erqiang Hu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Gui Deng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lina Chen
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Lee J, Hegele RA. Investigated treatments for lipoprotein lipase deficiency and related metabolic disorders. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2017.1311784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Arca M. Old challenges and new opportunities in the clinical management of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH): The promises of PCSK9 inhibitors. Atherosclerosis 2017; 256:134-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Genetic diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia in Han Chinese. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10:490-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abstract
This Review discusses new developments in understanding the basis of chylomicronaemia--a challenging metabolic disorder for which there is an unmet clinical need. Chylomicronaemia presents in two distinct primary forms. The first form is very rare monogenic early-onset chylomicronaemia, which presents in childhood or adolescence and is often caused by homozygous mutations in the gene encoding lipoprotein lipase (LPL), its cofactors apolipoprotein C-II or apolipoprotein A-V, the LPL chaperone lipase maturation factor 1 or glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high density lipoprotein-binding protein 1. The second form, polygenic late-onset chylomicronaemia, which is caused by an accumulation of several genetic variants, can be exacerbated by secondary factors, such as poor diet, obesity, alcohol intake and uncontrolled type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus, and is more common than early-onset chylomicronaemia. Both forms of chylomicronaemia are associated with an increased risk of life-threatening pancreatitis; the polygenic form might also be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Treatment of chylomicronaemia focuses on restriction of dietary fat and control of secondary factors, as available pharmacological therapies are only minimally effective. Emerging therapies that might prove more effective than existing agents include LPL gene therapy, inhibition of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1, and interference with the production and secretion of apoC-III and angiopoietin-like protein 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Brahm
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 4288A-1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 4288A-1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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Kolovou G, Vasiliadis I, Gontoras N, Kolovou V, Hatzigeorgiou G. Microsomal Transfer Protein Inhibitors, New Approach for Treatment of Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Review of the Literature, Original Findings, and Clinical Significance. Cardiovasc Ther 2015; 33:71-8. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Genovefa Kolovou
- Cardiology Department; Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center; Athens Greece
| | - Ioannis Vasiliadis
- Cardiology Department; Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center; Athens Greece
- Cardiology Department; Royal Free Hospital; London UK
| | - Nikos Gontoras
- Cardiology Department; Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center; Athens Greece
| | - Vana Kolovou
- Cardiology Department; Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center; Athens Greece
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