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Amariles P, Rivera-Cadavid M, Ceballos M. Clinical Relevance of Drug Interactions in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Antiretroviral Therapy-Update 2022: Systematic Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2488. [PMID: 37896248 PMCID: PMC10610003 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical outcomes of antiretroviral drugs may be modified through drug interactions; thus, it is important to update the drug interactions in people living with HIV (PLHIV). AIM To update clinically relevant drug interactions in PLHIV on antiretroviral therapy with novel drug interactions published from 2017 to 2022. METHODS A systematic review in Medline/PubMed database from July 2017 to December 2022 using the Mesh terms antiretroviral agents and drug interactions or herb-drug interactions or food-drug interactions. Publications with drug interactions in humans, in English or Spanish, and with full-text access were retrieved. The clinical relevance of drug interactions was grouped into five levels according to the gravity and probability of occurrence. RESULTS A total of 366 articles were identified, with 219 (including 87 citation lists) were included, which allowed for the identification of 471 drug interaction pairs; among them, 291 were systematically reported for the first time. In total 42 (14.4%) and 137 (47.1%) were level one and two, respectively, and 233 (80.1%) pairs were explained with the pharmacokinetic mechanism. Among these 291 pairs, protease inhibitors (PIs) and ritonavir/cobicistat-boosted PIs, as well as integrase strand transfer inhibitors (InSTIs), with 70 (24.1%) and 65 (22.3%) drug interaction pairs of levels one and two, respectively, were more frequent. CONCLUSIONS In PLHIV on antiretroviral therapy, we identify 291 drug interaction pairs systematically reported for the first time, with 179 (61.5%) being assessed as clinically relevant (levels one and two). The pharmacokinetic mechanism was the most frequently identified. PIs, ritonavir/cobicistat-boosted PIs, and InSTIs were the antiretroviral groups with the highest number of clinically relevant drug interaction pairs (levels one and two).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Amariles
- Research Group on Pharmaceutical Promotion and Prevention, University of Antioquia, UdeA, AA 1226, Medellin 050010, Colombia; (M.R.-C.); (M.C.)
- Research Group on Pharmaceutical Care, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Mónica Rivera-Cadavid
- Research Group on Pharmaceutical Promotion and Prevention, University of Antioquia, UdeA, AA 1226, Medellin 050010, Colombia; (M.R.-C.); (M.C.)
| | - Mauricio Ceballos
- Research Group on Pharmaceutical Promotion and Prevention, University of Antioquia, UdeA, AA 1226, Medellin 050010, Colombia; (M.R.-C.); (M.C.)
- Research Group on Pharmacy Regency Technology, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
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Malinowski D, Grzegółkowski P, Piotrowska K, Słojewski M, Droździk M. Membrane Transporters and Carriers in Human Seminal Vesicles. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082213. [PMID: 35456310 PMCID: PMC9029209 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seminal vesicles play an important role in the male reproductive system, producing seminal fluid and thus adequate environment for sperm. However, mechanisms underlying secretory functions of the seminal vesicles’ epithelium have not been defined yet. The aim of the present study was to characterize expression and immunolocalization of selected membrane transporters and carriers in the seminal vesicles. The study included biopsy specimens collected from non-affected parts of seminal vesicles from 53 patients of Caucasian origin subjected for prostatectomy. RT-PCR was used to define expression of 15 genes coding for ABC-family and 37 genes encoding 37 SLC-family transporters/carriers. Immunohistochemistry was used to define localization of 6 transporters. In the seminal vesicles, the following membrane transporters and carriers were defined: ABCA1, ABCB1, ABCB5, ABCB6, ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCC3, ABCC4, ABCC5, ABCC6, ABCG2, SLC01C1, SLC02B1, SLC04A1, SLC04C1, SLC10A1, SLC15A1, SLC15A2, SLC16A1, SLC16A3, SLC19A1, SLC22A1, SLC22A3, SLC22A11, SLC22A18, SLC22A4, SLC22A5, SLC28A1, SLC2A9, SLC33A1, SLC47A1, SLC47A2, SLC51A, SLC51B, SLC7A5, SLC7A6. Age-dependent expression was evidenced for ABCB1, ABCG2, SLC04C1, SLC15A1, SLC16A1, SLC22A11, SLC22A18, SLC47A1 and SLC47A2. ABCG2, P-gp, MRP1, MRP3, MCT1 and LAT1 were localized in the apical membrane and P-gp in the basolateral membrane of the seminal vesicle epithelium. The expression of the membrane transporters and carriers in the seminal vesicle epithelium confirms its secretory and barrier functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Malinowski
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Paweł Grzegółkowski
- Department of Urology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Piotrowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Marcin Słojewski
- Department of Urology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Marek Droździk
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-4661589; Fax: +48-91-4661600
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Palich R, Allavena C, Peytavin G, Soulie C, Tubiana R, Weiss L, Montoya Ferrer A, Duvivier C, Bouchaud O, Bottero J, Durand A, Lê MP, Marcelin AG, Dudoit Y, Assoumou L, Katlama C. Once-daily etravirine/raltegravir (400/800 mg q24h) dual therapy maintains viral suppression over 48 weeks in HIV-infected patients switching from a twice-daily etravirine/raltegravir (200/400 mg q12h) regimen. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:477-481. [PMID: 33099638 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Etravirine/raltegravir dual therapy has been shown to be highly effective as a twice-daily (q12h) regimen in suppressed HIV-infected patients enrolled in the ANRS-163 study. OBJECTIVES As a once-daily (q24h) regimen is easier for daily life, we aimed to evaluate the capacity of etravirine/raltegravir (400/800 mg) q24h to maintain viral suppression in patients on etravirine/raltegravir q12h. METHODS Patients on a suppressive etravirine/raltegravir q12h regimen for at least 96 weeks were switched to etravirine/raltegravir q24h in this prospective, multicentre, open-label, single-arm study. Primary outcome was the rate of virological failure (VF: confirmed pVL >50 copies/mL, single pVL >400 copies/mL or single pVL >50 copies/mL with ART change) at Week 48 (W48). Secondary outcomes included treatment strategy success rate (no VF and no treatment discontinuation), regimen tolerability, plasma drug concentrations and resistance profile in the case of VF. RESULTS A total of 111 patients were enrolled, with a median (IQR) age of 57 years (52-62), CD4 count of 710 cells/mm3 (501-919) and viral suppression for 7.9 years (5.9-10.7). Two patients experienced viral rebound at W24 and W48, leading to a VF rate of 2.0% (95% CI 0.5-7.8) at W48, associated with INSTI resistance in one case. Both had past NNRTI mutations. Ten patients discontinued treatment for adverse events (n = 2), investigator or patient decisions (n = 3), lost to follow-up (n = 3), death (n = 1) or pregnancy (n = 1). Overall, the strategy success rate was 89% (95% CI 81.5-93.6) at W48. In a subgroup of 64 patients, median (IQR) plasma C24h concentrations were 401 ng/mL (280-603) for etravirine and 62 ng/mL (31-140) for raltegravir. CONCLUSIONS Switching patients virally suppressed on etravirine/raltegravir q12h to the same regimen but given q24h was highly effective in maintaining virological suppression in HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Palich
- Sorbonne University, Infectious Diseases department, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health institute (iPLESP), INSERM 1136, Paris, France
| | - Clotilde Allavena
- Infectious Diseases department, University hospital, INSERM CIC 1413, Nantes, France
| | - Gilles Peytavin
- AP-HP, Pharmacology-Toxicology department, Bichat-Claude Bernard hospital, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR1137, IAME, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cathia Soulie
- Sorbonne University, Virology department, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health institute (iPLESP), INSERM 1136, Paris, France
| | - Roland Tubiana
- Sorbonne University, Infectious Diseases department, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health institute (iPLESP), INSERM 1136, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Weiss
- Paris Descartes University, Clinical Immunology department, Georges Pompidou hospital, AP-HP, INSERM 976, Paris, France
| | - Ana Montoya Ferrer
- Infectious Diseases department, University hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Claudine Duvivier
- University of Paris, Infectious Diseases department, Necker-Pasteur Infectiology Center, Necker hospital, AP-HP, INSERM 1016, IHU imagine, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Bouchaud
- Infectious Diseases department, Avicenne hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Julie Bottero
- Infectious Diseases department, Jean Verdier hospital, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Durand
- Sorbonne University, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health institute (iPLESP), INSERM 1136, Paris, France
| | - Minh-Patrick Lê
- AP-HP, Pharmacology-Toxicology department, Bichat-Claude Bernard hospital, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1144, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Yasmine Dudoit
- Sorbonne University, Infectious Diseases department, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health institute (iPLESP), INSERM 1136, Paris, France
| | - Lambert Assoumou
- Infectious Diseases department, Jean Verdier hospital, Paris, France
| | - Christine Katlama
- Sorbonne University, Infectious Diseases department, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health institute (iPLESP), INSERM 1136, Paris, France
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Soulie C, Assoumou L, Abdi B, Sayon S, Nguyen T, Valantin MA, Beniguel L, Ferre V, Alloui C, Montes B, Avettand-Fenoel V, Delaugerre C, Descamps D, Martinez E, Reynes J, Peytavin G, Costagliola D, Katlama C, Calvez V, Marcelin AG. Characterization of viral rebounds on dual etravirine/raltegravir maintenance therapy (ANRS-163 ETRAL trial). J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:1943-1949. [PMID: 32259255 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ANRS-163 ETRAL trial, a switch study to an etravirine 200 mg/raltegravir 400 mg twice-daily regimen in 165 patients with HIV-1 infection, showed durable efficacy until Week 96. The aim of this work was to investigate in detail the virological rebounds (VRs), defined as at least one plasma HIV viral load (VL) >50 copies/mL. METHODS Quantification of HIV-DNA level was assessed at baseline, Week 48 and Week 96 (n = 157). VLs were measured in seminal plasma at Week 48 (n = 26). Genotypic resistance testing by ultra-deep sequencing (UDS) for reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase regions was performed at baseline and at the time of VR. RESULTS In this study, 19 patients experienced VR, with 2 patients having virological failure (VF; two consecutive VLs >50 copies/mL). For the first patient with VF, UDS detected minority resistant variants only in RT (K103N, 9.6%; Y181C, 4.9%) at baseline. Some RT variants became dominant at VF (K101E, 86.3%; Y181C, 100.0%; G190A, 100.0%) and others emerged in integrase (Y143C, 2.4%; Q148R, 6.2%; N155H, 18.8%). For the second patient with VF, neither RT nor integrase mutations were detected at baseline and VF. Median HIV-DNA level was similar at baseline, Week 48 and Week 96 (2.17, 2.06 and 2.11 log10 copies/106 cells, respectively). Only one patient had a detectable seminal HIV VL (505 copies/mL). CONCLUSIONS The dual etravirine/raltegravir regimen as maintenance therapy was effective and the emergence of mutations in cases of VF was similar to that seen in other dual-regimen studies. No HIV-DNA level modification was evidenced by Week 96.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathia Soulie
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, laboratoire de virologie, F75013 Paris, France
| | - Lambert Assoumou
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, F75013 Paris, France
| | - Basma Abdi
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, laboratoire de virologie, F75013 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Sayon
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, laboratoire de virologie, F75013 Paris, France
| | - Thuy Nguyen
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, laboratoire de virologie, F75013 Paris, France
| | - Marc-Antoine Valantin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière - Service de maladies infectieuses, F75013 Paris, France
| | - Lydie Beniguel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, F75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Chakib Alloui
- AP-HP, Hôpital Avicennes, Service de Virologie, Bobigny, France
| | | | - Véronique Avettand-Fenoel
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Service de Virologie, Institut Cochin - CNRS 8104/INSERM U1016/Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Diane Descamps
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, AP-HP, Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | | | - Jacques Reynes
- CHU Montpellier, Département de maladies infectieuses, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Peytavin
- AP-HP, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard and IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité and INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Costagliola
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, F75013 Paris, France
| | - Christine Katlama
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière - Service de maladies infectieuses, F75013 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Calvez
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, laboratoire de virologie, F75013 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Geneviève Marcelin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, laboratoire de virologie, F75013 Paris, France
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