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Wang C, Feng X, Su D, Chen Z, Wang S, Tang M, Huang M, Nie L, Zhang H, Li S, Yin L, Johnson RL, Hart T, Chen J. Integrated screens uncover a cell surface tumor suppressor gene KIRREL involved in Hippo pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121779119. [PMID: 35704761 PMCID: PMC9231494 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121779119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell surface proteins play essential roles in various biological processes and are highly related to cancer development. They also serve as important markers for cell identity and targets for pharmacological intervention. Despite their great potentials in biomedical research, comprehensive functional analysis of cell surface proteins remains scarce. Here, with a de novo designed library targeting cell surface proteins, we performed in vivo CRISPR screens to evaluate the effects of cell surface proteins on tumor survival and proliferation. We found that Kirrel1 loss markedly promoted tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, KIRREL was significantly enriched in a separate CRISPR screen based on a specific Hippo pathway reporter. Further studies revealed that KIRREL binds directly to SAV1 to activate the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway. Together, our integrated screens reveal a cell surface tumor suppressor involved in the Hippo pathway and highlight the potential of these approaches in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xu Feng
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Shimin Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Mengfan Tang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Litong Nie
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Siting Li
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ling Yin
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Randy L. Johnson
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Traver Hart
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Aase-Remedios ME, Coll-Lladó C, Ferrier DEK. Amphioxus muscle transcriptomes reveal vertebrate-like myoblast fusion genes and a highly conserved role of insulin signalling in the metabolism of muscle. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:93. [PMID: 35105312 PMCID: PMC8805411 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation and functioning of muscles are fundamental aspects of animal biology, and the evolution of 'muscle genes' is central to our understanding of this tissue. Feeding-fasting-refeeding experiments have been widely used to assess muscle cellular and metabolic responses to nutrition. Though these studies have focused on vertebrate models and only a few invertebrate systems, they have found similar processes are involved in muscle degradation and maintenance. Motivation for these studies stems from interest in diseases whose pathologies involve muscle atrophy, a symptom also triggered by fasting, as well as commercial interest in the muscle mass of animals kept for consumption. Experimentally modelling atrophy by manipulating nutritional state causes muscle mass to be depleted during starvation and replenished with refeeding so that the genetic mechanisms controlling muscle growth and degradation can be understood. RESULTS Using amphioxus, the earliest branching chordate lineage, we address the gap in previous work stemming from comparisons between distantly related vertebrate and invertebrate models. Our amphioxus feeding-fasting-refeeding muscle transcriptomes reveal a highly conserved myogenic program and that the pro-orthologues of many vertebrate myoblast fusion genes were present in the ancestral chordate, despite these invertebrate chordates having unfused mononucleate myocytes. We found that genes differentially expressed between fed and fasted amphioxus were orthologous to the genes that respond to nutritional state in vertebrates. This response is driven in a large part by the highly conserved IGF/Akt/FOXO pathway, where depleted nutrient levels result in activation of FOXO, a transcription factor with many autophagy-related gene targets. CONCLUSION Reconstruction of these gene networks and pathways in amphioxus muscle provides a key point of comparison between the distantly related groups assessed thus far, significantly refining the reconstruction of the ancestral state for chordate myoblast fusion genes and identifying the extensive role of duplicated genes in the IGF/Akt/FOXO pathway across animals. Our study elucidates the evolutionary trajectory of muscle genes as they relate to the increased complexity of vertebrate muscles and muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine E Aase-Remedios
- The Scottish Oceans Institute, Gatty Marine Laboratory, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK
| | - Clara Coll-Lladó
- The Scottish Oceans Institute, Gatty Marine Laboratory, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK
| | - David E K Ferrier
- The Scottish Oceans Institute, Gatty Marine Laboratory, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK.
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Landemaine A, Ramirez-Martinez A, Monestier O, Sabin N, Rescan PY, Olson EN, Gabillard JC. Trout myomaker contains 14 minisatellites and two sequence extensions but retains fusogenic function. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:6364-6374. [PMID: 30819805 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of new myofibers in vertebrates occurs by myoblast fusion and requires fusogenic activity of the muscle-specific membrane protein myomaker. Here, using in silico (BLAST) genome analyses, we show that the myomaker gene from trout includes 14 minisatellites, indicating that it has an unusual structure compared with those of other animal species. We found that the trout myomaker gene encodes a 434-amino acid (aa) protein, in accordance with its apparent molecular mass (∼40 kDa) observed by immunoblotting. The first half of the trout myomaker protein (1-220 aa) is similar to the 221-aa mouse myomaker protein, whereas the second half (222-234 aa) does not correspond to any known motifs and arises from two protein extensions. The first extension (∼70 aa) apparently appeared with the radiation of the bony fish clade Euteleostei, whereas the second extension (up to 236 aa) is restricted to the superorder Protacanthopterygii (containing salmonids and pike) and corresponds to the insertion of minisatellites having a length of 30 nucleotides. According to gene expression analyses, trout myomaker expression is consistently associated with the formation of new myofibers during embryonic development, postlarval growth, and muscle regeneration. Using cell-mixing experiments, we observed that trout myomaker has retained the ability to drive the fusion of mouse fibroblasts with C2C12 myoblasts. Our work reveals that trout myomaker has fusogenic function despite containing two protein extensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Landemaine
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Andres Ramirez-Martinez
- the Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, and
| | - Olivier Monestier
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Human and Molecular Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Sabin
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Rescan
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Eric N Olson
- the Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, and
| | - Jean-Charles Gabillard
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, 35000 Rennes, France,
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Wang Q. CpG methylation patterns are associated with gene expression variation in osteosarcoma. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:901-907. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Landemaine A, Rescan PY, Gabillard JC. Myomaker mediates fusion of fast myocytes in zebrafish embryos. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 451:480-4. [PMID: 25078621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Myomaker (also called Tmem8c), a new membrane activator of myocyte fusion was recently discovered in mice. Using whole mount in situ hybridization on zebrafish embryos at different stages of embryonic development, we show that myomaker is transiently expressed in fast myocytes forming the bulk of zebrafish myotome. Zebrafish embryos injected with morpholino targeted against myomaker were alive after yolk resorption and appeared morphologically normal, but they were unable to swim, even under effect of a tactile stimulation. Confocal observations showed a marked phenotype characterized by the persistence of mononucleated muscle cells in the fast myotome at developmental stages where these cells normally fuse to form multinucleated myotubes. This indicates that myomaker is essential for myocyte fusion in zebrafish. Thus, there is an evolutionary conservation of myomaker expression and function among Teleostomi.
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Önel SF, Rust MB, Jacob R, Renkawitz-Pohl R. Tethering membrane fusion: common and different players in myoblasts and at the synapse. J Neurogenet 2014; 28:302-15. [PMID: 24957080 PMCID: PMC4245166 DOI: 10.3109/01677063.2014.936014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila Membrane fusion is essential for the communication of membrane-defined compartments, development of multicellular organisms and tissue homeostasis. Although membrane fusion has been studied extensively, still little is known about the molecular mechanisms. Especially the intercellular fusion of cells during development and tissue homeostasis is poorly understood. Somatic muscle formation in Drosophila depends on the intercellular fusion of myoblasts. In this process, myoblasts recognize each other and adhere, thereby triggering a protein machinery that leads to electron-dense plaques, vesicles and F-actin formation at apposing membranes. Two models of how local membrane stress is achieved to induce the merging of the myoblast membranes have been proposed: the electron-dense vesicles transport and release a fusogen and F-actin bends the plasma membrane. In this review, we highlight cell-adhesion molecules and intracellular proteins known to be involved in myoblast fusion. The cell-adhesion proteins also mediate the recognition and adhesion of other cell types, such as neurons that communicate with each other via special intercellular junctions, termed chemical synapses. At these synapses, neurotransmitters are released through the intracellular fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane. As the targeting of electron-dense vesicles in myoblasts shares some similarities with the targeting of synaptic vesicle fusion, we compare molecules required for synaptic vesicle fusion to recently identified molecules involved in myoblast fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Filiz Önel
- Developmental Biology, Philipps University of Marburg , 35043 Marburg , Germany
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Costa MSA, Machado MCR, Vieceli FM, Amistá L, Baroneza JE, Yan CYI, Ramos RGP. The Rst-Neph family of cell adhesion molecules in Gallus gallus. J Neurogenet 2014; 28:270-81. [PMID: 24914768 DOI: 10.3109/01677063.2014.933220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The Rst-Neph family comprises an evolutionarily conserved group of single-pass transmembrane glycoproteins that belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily and participate in a wide range of cell adhesion and recognition events in both vertebrates and invertebrates. In mammals and fish, three Rst-Neph members, named Neph1-3, are present. Besides being widely expressed in the embryo, particularly in the developing nervous system, they also contribute to the formation and integrity of the urine filtration apparatus in the slit diaphragm of kidney glomerular podocytes, where they form homodimers, as well as heterodimers with Nephrin, another immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule. In mice, absence of Neph1 causes severe proteinuria, podocyte effacement and perinatal death, while in humans, a mutated form of Nephrin leads to congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type. Intriguingly, neither Nephrin nor Neph3 are present in birds, which nevertheless have typical vertebrate kidneys with mammalian-like slit diaphragms. These characteristics make, in principle, avian systems very helpful for understanding the evolution and functional significance of the complex interactions displayed by Rst-Neph proteins. To this end we have started a systematic study of chicken Neph embryonic and post-embryonic expression, both at mRNA and protein level. RT-qPCR mRNA quantification of the two Neph paralogues in adult tissues showed that both are expressed in heart, brain, and retina. Neph1 is additionally present in kidney, liver, pancreas, lungs, and testicles, while Neph2 mRNA is barely detected in kidney, testicles, pancreas and absent in liver and lungs. In embryos, mRNA from both genes can already be detected at as early as stage HH14, and remain expressed until at least HH28. Finally, we used a specific antibody to examine the spatial dynamics and subcellular distribution of ggNeph2 between stages HH20-28, particularly in the mesonephros, dermomyotomes, developing heart, and retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Silvia A Costa
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
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